Assessment of cannabis use disorders: a systematic review of screening and diagnostic instruments

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. López-Pelayo ◽  
A. Batalla ◽  
M. M. Balcells ◽  
J. Colom ◽  
A. Gual
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders

Background.Cannabis use and misuse have become a public health problem. There is a need for reliable screening and assessment tools to identify harmful cannabis use at an early stage. We conducted a systematic review of published instruments used to screen and assess cannabis use disorders.Method.We included papers published until January 2013 from seven different databases, following the PRISMA guidelines and a predetermined set of criteria for article selection. Only tools including a quantification of cannabis use and/or a measurement of the severity of dependence were considered.Results.We identified 34 studies, of which 25 included instruments that met our inclusion criteria: 10 scales to assess cannabis use disorders, seven structured interviews, and eight tools to quantify cannabis use. Both cannabis and substance use scales showed good reliability and were validated in specific populations. Structured interviews were also reliable and showed good validity parameters. Common limitations were inadequate time-frames for screening, lack of brevity, undemonstrated validity for some populations (e.g. psychiatric patients, female gender, adolescents), and lack of relevant information that would enable routine use (e.g. risky use, regular users). Instruments to quantify consumption did not measure grams of the psychoactive compounds, which hampered comparability among different countries or regions where tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations may differ.Conclusions.Current instruments available for assessing cannabis use disorders need to be further improved. A standard cannabis unit should be studied and existing instruments should be adapted to this standard unit in order to improve cannabis use assessment.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

scholarly journals Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Etchecopar-Etchart ◽  
Theo Korchia ◽  
Anderson Loundou ◽  
Pierre-Michel Llorca ◽  
Pascal Auquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Abstract Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) in schizophrenia (SZ; SZ-MDD) has been identified as a major prognostic factor. However, the prevalence and associated factors of SZ-MDD have never been explored in a meta-analysis. All studies assessing the prevalence of SZ-MDD in stabilized outpatients with a standardized scale or with structured interviews were included. The Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Using random effects models, we calculated the pooled estimate of the prevalence of SZ-MDD. We used meta-regression and subgroup analyses to evaluate the potential moderators of the prevalence estimates, and we used the leave-one-out method for sensitivity analyses. Of the 5633 potentially eligible studies identified, 18 studies (n = 6140 SZ stabilized outpatients) were retrieved in the systematic review and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of SZ-MDD was 32.6% (95% CI: 27.9–37.6); there was high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.6%), and Egger’s test did not reveal publication bias (P = .122). The following factors were found to be sources of heterogeneity: publication in or after 2015, the inclusion of patients from larger studies, the assessment tools, the inclusion of patients with substance use disorder or somatic chronic diseases, age, education level, the lifetime number of hospitalizations, and antidepressant use. Two-thirds of the extracted variables could not be explored due to an insufficient amount of published data. The prevalence of MDD is high among SZ individuals. Healthcare providers and public health officials should have an increased awareness of the burden of SZ-MDD.

Psychometric properties of home accessibility assessment tools: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Patry ◽  
Claude Vincent ◽  
Christian Duval ◽  
Emmanuelle Careau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Standardized Measures

Background. Although home environment assessments are commonly performed by occupational therapists working in home care, use of nonstandardized measures created in-house or lack of measure use can cast a shadow over the quality of these assessments for people with disabilities. To ensure quality of home environment assessments, occupational therapists need standardized measures with demonstrated psychometric properties. Purpose. This study provides a critical appraisal of objective accessibility measures of the home environment. Method. A systematic review was undertaken for which three databases—CINAHL, PubMed, and Embase—were searched to identify accessibility measures of the home environment and evaluate their psychometric properties. Two authors independently assessed the quality of selected studies using the critical appraisal form for psychometric articles. Findings. Ten studies discussing seven accessibility measures were identified and selected for this review. No measures showed strong evidence of both good reliability and validity. Only one study addressed the responsiveness of a measure of accessibility. Implications. As occupational therapists are specialists of the person–environment relationship, the lack of evidence of the psychometric properties of objective accessibility measures of the home environment harms evidence-based occupational therapy practice. This review identified the most promising assessment tools, but further research is needed.

scholarly journals Is problematic Internet use associated with substance use among youth? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lanthier-Labonté ◽  
M Dufour ◽  
D M Milot ◽  
J Loslier
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Problematic Internet use is an important emerging public health problem. Among youth, the link between problematic Internet use and other risky behaviors needs to be define. The National Institute on Drug Abuse was recently questioning if this new problem can explain the downward trend in substance use among young people. The objective of the systematic review is to explore the association between Internet use (with an average time measure and a problematic Internet use measure) and psychoactive substance use (alcohol, cannabis) among youth. Methods Empirical studies meeting inclusion criteria were chosen from important databases and then screened. Quality assessment and narrative synthesis were executed giving the high heterogeneity. Forty-three studies were eligible. Results A majority of studies found a positive association for the association between Internet problematic use and alcohol use, and between Internet problematic use and cannabis use. High heterogeneity in the assessment of alcohol and cannabis use made the synthesis a great challenge. Studies with substance use assessment that were reflecting a higher risk measure more often found a positive association. Conclusions Despite the diversity of the measures used, it seems that Internet use has a potential association with alcohol and cannabis use among youth around the world. When addressing risky behavior such as substance use among youth, professionals should also address problematic Internet use. Further studies are needed to assess the longitudinal impact of Internet use on youth substance use. A golden standard on how to assess alcohol and cannabis use among youth would be welcomed and certainly help future knowledge synthesis. Key messages Internet problematic use has a potential positive association with alcohol and cannabis use among youth around the world. Prevention programs for youth addressing risky behavior should include problematic Internet use, an important emerging public health problem.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders among people with cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe J Walker ◽  
Michael P Jones ◽  
Arun V Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionCancer is a rapidly growing public health problem in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). There is evidence from upper-income countries that comorbid mental illness is common and can adversely impact cancer outcomes. Little is known about this burden in LLMICs. This systematic review has two aims. The first is to review the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric comorbidity in adults with cancer in LLMICs. The second is to review psychiatric treatment outcomes in this population.Methods and analysisThe review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase and CINAHL) will be conducted. Studies will be included if they report the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, or if they evaluate psychiatric treatment outcomes, in adults with cancer living in LLMICs. The search will be limited to studies published in peer-reviewed journals between March 2002 and March 2017. The reference lists of included studies will be hand searched. Critical appraisal will be performed using Quality Assessment Tools from the National Institute of Health. Pooled prevalence meta-analysis is planned.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. The results will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017057103.

scholarly journals Systematic Review: microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ogonowski ◽  
Stefanny Salcidua ◽  
Tomas Leon ◽  
Nayaret Chamorro-Veloso ◽  
Cristian Valls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Promising Source

The rate of progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is estimated at >10% per year, reaching up to 80–90% after 6 years. MCI is considered an indicator of early-stage AD. In this context, the diagnostic screening of MCI is crucial for detecting individuals at high risk of AD before they progress and manifest further severe symptoms. Typically, MCI has been determined using neuropsychological assessment tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Unfortunately, other diagnostic methods are not available or are unable to identify MCI in its early stages. Therefore, identifying new biomarkers for MCI diagnosis and prognosis is a significant challenge. In this framework, miRNAs in serum, plasma, and other body fluids have emerged as a promising source of biomarkers for MCI and AD-related cognitive impairments. Interestingly, miRNAs can regulate several signaling pathways via multiple and diverse targets in response to pathophysiological stimuli. This systematic review aims to describe the current state of the art regarding AD-related target genes modulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral fluids samples in MCI subjects to identify potential miRNA biomarkers in the early stages of AD. We found 30 articles that described five miRNA expression profiles from peripheral fluid in MCI subjects, showing possible candidates for miRNA biomarkers that may be followed up as fluid biomarkers or therapeutic targets of early-stage AD. However, additional research is needed to validate these miRNAs and characterize the precise neuropathological mechanisms.

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