Recurrence of anxiety disorders and its predictors in the general population

Abstract Background Anxiety disorders frequently recur in clinical populations, but the risk of recurrence of anxiety disorders is largely unknown in the general population. In this study, recurrence of anxiety and its predictors were studied in a large cohort of the adult general population. Methods Baseline, 3-year and 6-year follow-up data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Respondents (N = 468) who had been in remission for at least a year prior to baseline were included. Recurrence was assessed at 3 and 6 years after baseline, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. Cumulative recurrence rates were estimated using the number of years since remission of the last anxiety disorder. Furthermore, Cox regression analyses were conducted to investigate predictors of recurrence, using a broad range of putative predictors. Results The estimated cumulative recurrence rate was 2.1% at 1 year, 6.6% at 5 years, 10.6% at 10 years, and 16.2% at 20 years. Univariate regression analyses predicted a shorter time to recurrence for several variables, of which younger age at interview, parental psychopathology, neuroticism and a current depressive disorder remained significant in the, age and gender-adjusted, multivariable regression analysis. Conclusions Recurrence of anxiety disorders in the general population is common and the risk of recurrence extends over a lengthy period of time. In clinical practice, alertness to recurrence, monitoring of symptoms, and quick access to health care in case of recurrence are needed.

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Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796011000862 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. Saha ◽

J. Scott ◽

D. Varghese ◽

J. McGrath

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

General Population ◽

Community Sample ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Population Based ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

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Serotonin-Related Gene Variants in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depressive or Anxiety Disorders

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2017/4290430 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Magdalena Grzesiak ◽

Jan Aleksander Beszłej ◽

Ewa Waszczuk ◽

Marcin Szechiński ◽

Monika Szewczuk-Bogusławska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

New Findings ◽

Rome Iii ◽

Irritable Bowel

Aim. To assess the association of six polymorphisms in serotonin-related genes with depressive or anxiety disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods. The lifetime prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders was assessed in 95 IBS patients (85% women) using the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria.SCL6A4HTTLPR polymorphism (rs4795541) was determined using PCR-based method. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms inHTR1A(rs6295),HTR2A(rs6313 and rs6311),HTR2C(rs6318), andTPH1(rs1800532) were detected by minisequencing method.Results. IBS patients with depressive disorders were characterized by higher frequency of 5-HTTLPR L allele in comparison to IBS patients with anxiety disorders. The lower frequency of 1438 A allele inHTR2Awas found in IBS patients with depressive disorders in comparison to IBS patients without mental disorders. The lower G allele frequency inHTR2Crs6318 polymorphism among IBS patients with anxiety disorders was also observed.Conclusions. Our results provide further evidence for the involvement ofSLC6A4rs4795541 andHTR2Ars6311 polymorphisms in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders in IBS patients. The new findings indicate thatHTR2Crs6318 polymorphism may be associated with the susceptibility to anxiety disorders in IBS patients.

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Comorbidity of DSM–III–R Major Depressive Disorder in the General Population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000298371 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 168 (S30) ◽

pp. 17-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 579

Author(s):

R. C. Kessler ◽

C. B. Nelson ◽

K. A. McGonagle ◽

J. Liu ◽

M. Swartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

General Population ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Population Data ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Prior History ◽

Major Depressive ◽

National Comorbidity Survey ◽

The Us

General population data are presented on the prevalence and correlates of comorbidity between DSM–III–R major depressive disorder (MDD) and other DSM–III–R disorders. The data come from the US National Comorbidity Survey, a large general population survey of persons aged 15–54 years in the non-institutionalised civilian population. Diagnoses are based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The analysis shows that most cases of lifetime MDD are secondary, in the sense that they occur in people with a prior history of another DSM–III–R disorder. Anxiety disorders are the most common primary disorders. The time-lagged effects of most primary disorders on the risk of subsequent MDD continue for many years without change in magnitude. Secondary MDD is, in general, more persistent and severe than pure or primary MDD. This has special public health significance because lifetime prevalence of secondary MDD has increased in recent cohorts, while the prevalence of pure and primary depression has remained unchanged.

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The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370204700207 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 167-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

JianLi Wang ◽

Scott B Pat ten

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

General Population ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Life Stress ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Short Form ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

World Health ◽

Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

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The individual and societal effects of non-psychotic serious mental disorders on earnings in Belgium

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.12.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronny Bruffaerts ◽

Anke Bonnewyn ◽

Koen Demyttenaere

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alcohol Disorders ◽

Individual Level ◽

Considerable Impact ◽

The Individual ◽

Annual Earnings

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between non-psychotic serious mental disorders and earnings in the general population of Belgium on both the individual- and society-level.Subjects and methodsData stem from a cross-sectional population study of the non-institutionalized adult (between 18 and 64) population from Belgium (N = 863). The third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0) was administered to assess 12-month non-psychotic serious mental disorders and annual earnings. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate the observed and estimated annual earnings for persons with serious mental disorders, controlling for sociodemographic variables and alcohol disorders.ResultsOn the individual-level, 12-month serious mental disorders significantly predicted the probability of having any earnings (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.14–0.74). Respondents with serious mental disorders had 12-month earnings of 5969€ less than expected in the absence of serious mental disorders. Taking into account the prevalence of serious mental disorders (i.e. 4.9%), the society-level effects of serious mental disorders in 2002 can be estimated at about 1797 million € per year for the Belgian general population.DiscussionNon-psychotic serious mental disorders had considerable impact on annual earnings.ConclusionThis is the first study in Belgium that addresses the association between mental illness and earnings. Serious mental disorders are associated with individual- and societal-level impairments and loss of human capital.

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Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291703001892 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1177-1186 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

L. KRABBENDAM ◽

I. MYIN-GERMEYS ◽

R. DE GRAAF ◽

W. VOLLEBERGH ◽

W. A. NOLEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Population Sample ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Symptoms Of Depression

Background. In order to investigate whether correlated but separable symptom dimensions that have been identified in clinical samples also have a distribution in the general population, the underlying structure of symptoms of depression, mania and psychosis was studied in a general population sample of 7072 individuals.Method. Data were obtained from the three measurements of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Symptoms of depression, mania and the positive symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor-analysis was used to test statistically the fit of hypothesized models of one, two, three or seven dimensions.Results. The seven-dimensional model comprising core depression, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, mania, paranoid delusions, first-rank delusions and hallucinations fitted the data best, whereas the unidimensional model obtained the poorest fit. This pattern of results could be replicated at both follow-up measurements. The results were similar for the subsamples with and without a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis. The seven dimensions were moderately to strongly correlated, with correlations ranging from 0·18 to 0·73 (mean 0·45).Conclusions. In the general population, seven correlated but separable dimensions of experiences exist that resemble dimensions of psychopathology seen in clinical samples with severe mental illness. The substantial correlations between these dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples may suggest that there is aetiological overlap between the different dimensions regardless of level of severity and diagnosable disorder.

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Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00686.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 241

Author(s):

Scott Henderson ◽

Gavin Andrews ◽

Wayne Hall

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Role ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Adult Population ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

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Six-month and lifetime prevalences of psychiatric disorders in inpatients with diabetes mellitus

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/0924-9338(96)80301-4 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F de Mont-Marin ◽

P Hardy ◽

JP Lepine ◽

P Halfon ◽

A Feline

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽

French Population

SummaryThe Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a French population of 46 inpatients with diabetes mellitus. According to DSM-III-R criteria, 52.2% of subjects presented at least one psychiatric diagnosis in their lifetime and 41.3% did so less than six months before the study. Affective and anxiety disorders represented at least 83% of the psychiatric diagnoses. The risk for those disorders seems to be restricted to a predisposed group as only one of the 16 subjects who had suffered from an anxiety or depressive episode within the previous six months had never experienced such an episode before.

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Procedural validity of the computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto) in the anxiety disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700033237 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1269-1280 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Lorna Peters ◽

Gavin Andrews

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Major Depressive Episode ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Lower Range ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Level Of Agreement

SynopsisThe procedural validity of the computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto) was examined against the consensus diagnoses of two clinicians for six anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, panic disorder (±agoraphobia), social phobia, simple phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE)). Clinicians had available to them all data obtained over a 2- to 10-month period. Subjects were 98 patients accepted for treatment at an Anxiety Disorders Clinic, thus, all subjects had at least one of the diagnoses being examined. While the CIDI-Auto detected 88·2% of the clinician diagnoses, it identified twice as many diagnoses as did the clinicians. The sensitivity of the CIDI-Auto was above 0·85 except for GAD, which had a sensitivity of 0·29. The specificity of the CIDI-Auto was lower (range: 0·47–0·99). The agreement between the CIDI-Auto and the clinician diagnoses, as measured by intraclass kappas, ranged from poor (k = 0·02; GAD) to excellent (k = 0·81; OCD), with a fair level of agreement overall (k = 0·40). Canonical correlation analysis suggested that the discrepancies between the CIDI-Auto and clinicians were not due to different diagnostic distinctions being made. It is suggested that the CIDI-Auto may have a lower threshold for diagnosing anxiety disorders than do experienced clinicians. It is concluded that, in a sample where all subjects have at least one anxiety disorder diagnosis, the CIDI-Auto has acceptable validity.

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Self-rated general health and psychiatric disorders in a general population sample

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ulrich John ◽

Christian Meyer ◽

Hans-Jürgen Rumpf ◽

Anja Schumann ◽

Horst Dilling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

General Health ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Population Sample ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between nicotine and alcohol dependence, depressive, anxiety and somatoform disorders with self-rated general health (GH). A cohort study of a random sample of the non-institutionalised general population aged 18–64 with a participation rate of 70.2% was carried out in a German area (n = 4075 at baseline). A follow-up of tobacco smokers or heavy drinkers (n = 1083, 79.4% of those who had given consent to be followed-up) was conducted 30 months after baseline measurement. The assessments included self-ratings of GH and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) diagnoses based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The results show that nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders moderately predicted self-rated GH at follow-up (general linear model, R2 = 0.12). We conclude that psychiatric disorders may contribute to the prediction of a low self-rated GH.

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