Influence of Sowing Time on Winter Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana) Control in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Isoproturon

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samunder Singh ◽  
R. K. Malik ◽  
R. S. Panwar ◽  
R. S. Balyan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Field experiments were conducted during the winters of 1987–88 and 1988–89 at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to evaluate the response of winter wild oat to sowing date and isoproturon application time in wheat. In another experiment, the effect of sowing time on emergence and growth of winter wild oat and wheat sown separately was studied. The treatments that provided more than 75% control of winter wild oat were: isoproturon at 0.75 kg ha−1applied at the 2-leaf stage of winter wild oat; isoproturon 1 kg ha−1applied at the 4-leaf stage of winter wild oat in the November 30 planting; and isoproturon 0.50 kg ha−1applied at the 1- to 2-leaf stage of winter wild oat in the December 20 sowing. Isoproturon did not provide more than 50% control of winter wild oat in the November 10 sowing. Mortality of winter wild oat increased from 38 to 72 to 87% in November 10, November 30, and December 20 sowings, respectively. Mortality of winter wild oat was similar in November 30 and December 20 sowings but higher grain yield was recorded in November 30 sowing. Due to vigorous growth of winter wild oat in the November 10 sowing, isoproturon did not provide good control. December 20 sowing favored wheat growth due to lower density and late emergence of winter wild oat but reduction in wheat grain yield was greater. When averaged over isoproturon treatments, the grain yield of wheat was 4607, 5297, and 4457 kg ha−1in the November 10, November 30, and December 20 sowings, respectively.

Wild oat density and the duration of wild oat competition as it influences wheat growth and yield

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats

The effects of removing wild oats (Avena spp.) from wheat (cv. Gamut) at different stages of wheat growth were investigated in three replicated factorial field experiments at the Tamworth Agricultural Research Centre. In addition, two wild oat densities were compared in the first experiment, and handpulling wild oats was compared with cutting and a shielded paraquat spray in the second experiment. Wheat yield was linearly reduced by up to 1.025 g m-2 day-1 for the duration of wild oat competition. Reductions in tiller number and dry matter yield measured at maturity and the number of tillers per plant recorded at the 5-6 leaf stage were also proportional to the time wild oats were allowed to compete with the wheat. This competitive effect of wild oats increased with increasing weed density. Handpulling and cutting wild oats gave similar measured competitive effects whereas the paraquat spray applied at the 2-3 leaf stage of wheat reduced wheat density.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

Integrated Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Management Affects Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Yield and Economics

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Barton ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Bahman Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Net Return

The effect of barley seeding rate and row spacing, and triallate, diclofop, and difenzoquat herbicide rate on barley grain yield and quality, and wild oat control were evaluated in field experiments near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, in 1989 and 1990. The purpose of the study was to develop integrated control strategies for wild oat in spring barley. Barley row spacing (9 and 18 cm) did not affect barley grain yield. Barley grain yield was greatest when barley was seeded at 134 or 201 kg ha–1compared to 67 kg ha–1. Wild oat control increased as wild oat herbicide rate increased and barley grain yield was greatest when wild oat herbicides were applied. However, barley grain yield was similar when wild oat biomass was reduced by either 65 or 85% by applications of half and full herbicide rates, respectively. Net return was greatest when the half rate of herbicide was applied to 100 wild oat plants per m2and was greatest when half or full herbicide rates were applied to 290 wild oat plants per m2. Net return increased when the seeding rate was increased to 134 or 201 kg ha–1when no herbicide was applied and when 290 wild oat plants per m2were present.

scholarly journals Study on the Morpho-physiological Character of Four Quality Protein of Maize (Corn)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
SK Mondal ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Physiological Character ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The experiment was conducted to find out the morpho-physiological variability in response to different sowing dates in four lines of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) in in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The study was carried out with four lines of maize and two sowing dates, 15 November (T1) and 15 December, ((T2). Sowing date differed significantly in plant height, length of leaf blade, length of leaf sheath, leaf breadth, cob length, cob diameter, length of tassel, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50 % silking, days to maturity, number of cobs per plant, cob weight, number of grain per cob. 1000-seed weight, percent underdeveloped cob, total dry matter and grain yield, but did not differ in number of leaves and protein percent. The lines differed significantly among themselves in those characters except number of leaves per plant, length of leaf sheath, cob length, cob diameter, days to 50% tasselling, number of cobs per plants and number of grain per cob. The line Across 8666 (V2) and (V3) gave the highest grain yield 4.57 and 4.55 and the lowest from (V4) lines 4.41 tons per hectare. The 15 November sowing time (T1) gave the highest grain yield 4.86 tons per hectare. In case of interaction, the earlier planting time (T1) showed better performance with all lines. On the other hand, the highest yield was found from combination of line V2 and V3 with earlier planting time (T1).J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 117-124 2017

Interference of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Stephan F. Weise ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Emergence Date

Redroot pigweed is a major weed in corn throughout Ontario. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1991 and 1992 to determine the influence of selected densities and emergence times of redroot pigweed on corn growth and grain yield. Redroot pigweed densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 plants per m of row were established within 12.5 cm on either side of the corn row. In both years, redroot pigweed seeds were planted concurrently and with corn at the 3- to 5-leaf stage of corn growth. A density of 0.5 redroot pigweed per m of row from the first (earlier) emergence date of pigweed (in most cases, up to the 4-leaf stage of corn) or four redroot pigweed per m of row from the second (later) emergence date of pigweed (in most cases, between the 4- and 7-leaf stage of corn) reduced corn yield by 5%. Redroot pigweed emerging after the 7-leaf stage of corn growth did not reduce yield. Redroot pigweed seed production was dependent upon its density and time of emergence. The time of redroot pigweed emergence, relative to corn, may be more important than its density in assessing the need for postemergence control.

Influence of genotype, sowing date, and seeding rate on wheat development and yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke ◽  
DK Cann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
North Eastern

A 3-year study was conducted to measure the effect of sowing time and seeding rate on the development and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under high-yielding conditions in north-eastern Victoria. A range of wheat cultivars with different development responses, including 'winter' types, was used in 2 experiments in each season. High grain yields for dryland wheat were measured in the first 2 seasons (1985-86), and in 1985, near-optimal water use efficiencies (>18 kg/ha. mm effective rainfall) were obtained. In the third season (1987) grain yield was limited by adverse climatic conditions-in the me- and post-anthesis period. In each season, grain yield declined with delay in sowing time. In 1985 there was a loss of 200-250 kg grain/ha for each week's delay in sowing time. In 1987, yield loss with delayed sowing was 50-110 kg grain/ha. In each season, cultivars with late or midseason maturity development gave the highest mean yields, and the use of these maturity types allowed earlier sowing, in mid April. However, with late sowing of wheat there was a trend for early maturity types to give higher yields, and so the use of 2 wheat cultivars with distinct maturity development responses to climate is recommended. If only 1 wheat cultivar is to be used, then a late maturity type is recommended. Higher wheat yields were also obtained as spike density increased, as a result of higher seeding rates. Our data suggest that in the higher rainfall region of north-eastern Victoria, a spike density of about 500 spikes/m2 is required to optimise wheat yields.

scholarly journals Drought response of modern and old oat lines in greenhouse and long-term field trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Leena Väärälä ◽  
Riikka Rajalahti ◽  
Ari Rajala ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
The University ◽  
Term Field

This study compares the response of old and modern oat (Avena sutiva L.) lines to pre-anthesis precipitation in long-term field trials, and to pre- and post-anthesis drought in the greenhouse. Long-term field trials were carried out at the Experimental Farms of Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute and the University of Helsinki between 1965 and 1988. Grain yield of 12 oat lines (released since 1959) was compared with that of the check lines. The effect of differences in May-June precipitation on grain yield was established for different lines. Greenhouse experiments included 19 oat lines (released since 1921) and three wild species of oat (A. barbata L., A. sterilis max. L. and A. fatua L.). The data from greenhouse experiments were analysed using discriminant analysis in groups of old (released before 1970s), modern, and wild oat types. Ranking of the oat lines according to results from long-term field trials and greenhouse experiments was not consistent; contrary to the field experiments, the old lines tended to be the most drought sensitive when tested in the greenhouse. Therefore, the simple and non-laborious methods used in this study for ranking of drought sensitivity of oat lines are not recommended.

Sowing Dates of Wheat in Northern Sudan

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galil ◽  
A. Gabar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Sowing Dates

SUMMARYThe effect of sowing time and variety were tested for three consecutive years under irrigated conditions. The relation between yield and planting time was quadratic, best described by y=a+bx-ex2 where y is grain yield and x is planting time. The results showed that, irrespective of variety, the optimum sowing date is around mid-November. Varietal differences are related to number of ears per unit area, with a stronger association of yield with grain weight than with any other yield components.

Effect of sowing time on yield and agronomic characteristics of wheat in south-eastern Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gomez-Macpherson ◽  
RA Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The main environmental constraints to the yield of dryland wheat in south-eastern Australia are: a low and erratic rainfall throughout the growing season, the chance of frost at flowering time, and high temperatures during the grain-filling period. The aims of this work were threefold. Firstly, to determine which sowing period minimizes these constraints and results in the highest yields. Secondly, what is the optimum flowering time for a given sowing date so that maximum yield is achieved. The third aim was to determine whether any crop characteristic was associated with high yield or may limit yield in the different sowings. The experiments were conducted at three sites in New South Wales that were representative of dry (Condobolin) and cooler and wetter (Moombooldool, Wagga Wagga) sites in the south-eastern wheatbelt. In this study several sets of isogenic material, involving a total of 23 genotypes, that were similar in all respects except for flowering time, were sown early (mid-April and early May), normal (mid to late May) and late (June to mid July). Characteristics of the highest-yielding lines in each experiment are presented. The average flowering time of the highest yielding lines in all sowings had a range of only 12 days at the driest site, but a range of over 20 days at the coolest and wettest site. The optimum anthesis date (day of year, y) was related to sowing date (day of year, doy) at the cooler sites such that: y = 245+0.32 doy (r2 = 0.86) and at Condobolin, y = 253+0.19 doy (r2 = 0.91). Optimum anthesis date expressed in thermal time (�C days) after sowing (y) was related to sowing time (doy) as follows: y = 2709 -8-3 doy (r2 = 0.84). It is suggested that these relationships are likely to be quite robust and should hold true for similar thermal environments in eastern Australia. There was little variation in grain yield between the earliest sowing in mid-April (108 doy) and sowings throughout May (up to 147 doy). Grain yield declined 1.3% per day that sowing was delayed after late May. Aboveground biomass was substantially higher in early sown crops. However, this did not translate into higher yields. From the evidence presented it is argued that the principal reason that greater yields were not obtained in the early sowings, particularly in the April sowing, was the greater competition for assimilates between the growing spike and the elongating stem. It is suggested that a way of overcoming this competition is to genetically shorten the stems of winter wheats. This should capitalize on the considerable advantages in terms of water use efficiency that early sowing offers and result in greater yields. Barley yellow dwarf virus, although present at the cooler, wettest site in one year, was more frequent in the later sowings than in the early sowing and was not likely to have contributed to the lower than expected yields in the early sowings.

Optimal sowing time and seeding rate for winter-sown, rain-fed chickpea in a cool, semi-arid Mediterranean area

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui-Kwong Yau
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Semi Arid

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the 3 most important legume crops in West Asia and North Africa. Winter sowing of chickpea has been advocated recently in the region, but detailed research on date and rate of sowing has not been conducted. The objectives of this study were to find the optimal sowing month and to test the hypothesis that a lower than normal seeding rate is needed for winter-sown chickpea. Two series of field experiments were conducted under rain-fed conditions at the Agricultural Research and Educational Center in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. In the sowing-date experiment, which was conducted over 3 years, seed was sown in November, December or January and February. The seeding-rate by sowing-date experiment, which was conducted over 2 years, consisted of 3 seeding rates: 25, 40 and 55 seeds/m2, and 2 sowing dates: one each in November and March. Sowing in December or January gave similar seed yield as November sowing, and both gave higher yield than sowing in February. Sowing in December or January should be preferable than sowing in November because it is expected to give adequate time for weed control and less chance of ascochyta blight infestation. Seeding rates had no significant effects on yield, and seeding-rate by sowing-date interaction was non-significant, indicating that there is no yield advantage of a reduced seeding rate with winter sowing. However, sowing at 25 seeds/m2 yielded bigger seeds, which usually fetch higher prices. In conclusion, chickpea farmers in the semi-arid areas of the high-elevation Bekaa Valley of Lebanon or in other areas with similar environments should shift their sowing date from early spring to December or January and sow at a lower (25 seeds/m2) than normal seeding rate.

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