scholarly journals Asset Poverty in Urban China: A Study Using the 2002 Chinese Household Income Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN HUANG ◽  
MINCHAO JIN ◽  
SUO DENG ◽  
BAORONG GUO ◽  
LI ZOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Precautionary Savings ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Asset Poverty ◽  
Liquid Asset ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Gap Ratio

AbstractDefining asset poverty as insufficiency of assets to satisfy household basic needs for a limited period of time, the study examines asset-poverty rates in urban China using the 2002 survey data from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP). We find that asset-poverty rates in urban China are lower than those of developed countries, in part due to Chinese households’ strong commitment to precautionary savings and the low poverty standards. However, the liquid asset-poverty rate is five times that of the income-poverty rate in urban China. Notably, the asset-poverty-gap ratio shows that most households in asset poverty have zero liquid assets or negative net worth. Asset building could be an integral part of the anti-poverty agenda to protect the poor from economic hardship and provide them with opportunities for economic growth.

Who are the Asset-Poor in China: A Comprehensive Description and Policy Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-787
Author(s):  
YUANYUAN YANG ◽  
JUN-HONG CHEN ◽  
MINCHAO JIN
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Asset Poverty

AbstractThere is a large body of literature asserting that household asset holdings play a critical role in prospects of economic and social well-being. This study examines asset-poverty rates in China using the 2013 survey data from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP). The results indicate that asset-poverty rates in urban China were lower than those of developed countries, whereas rural and migrant households experienced more serious asset poverty than their counterparts in urban China. In addition, the asset-poverty rates were at least twice the income-poverty rates in China according to the different poverty lines used in the study. Several demographic characteristics were found associated with asset poverty. To assist the Chinese government in reaching its goal of eradicating absolute poverty by 2020 through targeted poverty alleviation, this study suggests including assets in the description and alleviation of poverty.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KAKAO DI KECAMATAN GEDONG TATAAN KABUPATEN PESAWARAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sinta Okpratiwi ◽  
Dwi Haryono ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Cocoa Farmer ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

The purposes of this research are to analyze the income of cocoa farming, the income of cocoa farmer households, the poverty level of cocoa farmer households, the factors affecting the poverty rate of cocoa farmer households.  This research was conducted in Sungai Langka Village, Gedong Tataan Subdistrict Pesawaran Regency.  Respondents were 51 cocoa farmers taken using stratified random sampling method based on land area.  The analytical methods used were farm income analysis, household income analysis, household poverty level analysis, logistic analysis of farming household poverty level.  The results showed that cash income of cocoa farming is Rp8,027,576.78 per ha per year and revenue at total cost Rp Rp4,335,373.38 per ha per year. The household income of cocoa farmers is Rp21,277,833.33 per year.  Based on the World Bank indicator, the number of nonpoor farmers is 52.94 percent and poor farmers is 47.05 percent.  And based on indicator BPS (2016) there are no poor farmers in food poverty, whereas the number of poor farmers in nonfood poverty is 31.37 percent and nonpoor farmers of 68.63 percent. The common poverty line is 21.57 percent of poor farmers and 78.43 percent of non-poor farmers.  The percentage of the poor is 0.21, the poverty intencity index is 0.042, the poverty severity index is 0.00034.  Factors that affect the poverty level is household income.Key words: cocoa, farming income, household income, poverty rate

Toward an Empirical Analysis of Income and Time Poverty in Urban China

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110439
Author(s):  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Female Worker ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Time Poverty ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Financial Burdens

Many earlier studies have assessed Chinese poverty using monetary dimensions, but few have considered the time dimension. This research investigates multidimensional poverty in urban China, using data from the 2013 China Household Income Project, from the standpoints of income and time. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the socioeconomic causes of income poverty, time poverty, and income–constrained time poverty. Empirical results obtained from this study reveal that being a paid female worker or a private enterprise employee and bearing the financial burdens of housing and medical care have significant effects on the probability of being time poor. In addition, workers who have low academic achievement, children, and educational loans are particularly prone to suffering income–constrained time poverty. This study contributes to the assessment of severe poverty situations and suggests an increasing need for working time regulations and more support for less-educated workers in urban China.

Differential Opportunity for Men from Low-Income Backgrounds across Pennsylvania

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-100
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Eppard ◽  
Troy S. Okum ◽  
Lucas Everidge
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
Single Parenthood ◽  
County Commissioners ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Low Income Families

This study examines the place-based differences in opportunity experienced by men from lowincome backgrounds across U.S. and Pennsylvania counties. Our quantitative findings suggest that U.S. and Pennsylvania counties are very unequal in terms of how men raised in low-income families fare in adulthood on measures of upward mobility, household income, college graduation, incarceration, and marriage. A variety of county-level measures of concentrated disadvantage were associated with these outcomes, including county household income, poverty rate, degree of racial segregation, college graduation rate, single parenthood rate, social capital rate, and job growth rate. Additionally, anonymous qualitative data from phone interviews with county commissioners from some of the Pennsylvania counties that struggled the most in our analysis helped to confirm our findings with valuable on-the-ground perspectives. We discuss these findings and their implications for equality of opportunity in the U.S. and the state of Pennsylvania.

Remittance and Economic Development of Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Badri Narayan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Sources Of Capital

Nepal is one of the least developed but high remittances recipient countries in the world. Nepal received remittance from US$ 8.1 billion in 2016 and it is ranked 23rd among the remittance receiving countries in the world. Remittance income is one of the major sources of capital formation in the context of Nepal. It is directly related with the labour migration in a country which in return enhances foreign employment. Remittances have become a major contributing factor to increasing household income as well as country’s GDP. About 30 percent of Nepal’s GDP comes in the form of remittance money which is sent home by Nepalese working abroad and it helps to reduce country’s poverty rate. Poverty reduction took place in Nepal from 42 percent (1995/96) to 25.2 percent (2010/11). Nepal’s remittance recipients reached 31.5 percent GDP in 2015. The total amount of remittance in the country is 259 billion and among which 20 percent is internal sources, 11 percent from India and 69 percent from Gulf countries. Remittance received by the households is mainly used for daily consumption (79 percent) and remaining other purposes. Moreover, Nepal’s economic status mostly depends on remittance received which is therefore migration driven economy.

scholarly journals Impacts of household income on beef at-home consumption: Evidence from urban China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1701-1715
Author(s):  
Wen-bo ZHU ◽  
Yong-fu CHEN ◽  
Jing ZHAO ◽  
Bei-bei WU
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Home Consumption ◽  
At Home

scholarly journals Neighbourhood maternal socioeconomic status indicators and risk of congenital heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Miao ◽  
Sandra Dunn ◽  
Shi Wu Wen ◽  
Jane Lougheed ◽  
Jessica Reszel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Chd Risk

Abstract Background This study aimed to examine the relationships between various maternal socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods This was a population-based retrospective cohort study, including all singleton stillbirths and live births in Ontario hospitals from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the relationships between maternal neighbourhood household income, poverty, education level, employment and unemployment status, immigration and minority status, and population density and the risk of CHD. All SES variables were estimated at a dissemination area level and categorized into quintiles. Adjustments were made for maternal age at birth, assisted reproductive technology, obesity, pre-existing maternal health conditions, substance use during pregnancy, rural or urban residence, and infant’s sex. Results Of 804,292 singletons, 9731 (1.21%) infants with CHD were identified. Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the highest income neighbourhoods, infants whose mothers lived in the lowest income neighbourhoods had higher likelihood of developing CHD (adjusted OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20–1.38). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the highest percentage of people with a university or higher degree, infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the lowest percentage of people with university or higher degree had higher chance of CHD (adjusted OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24–1.44). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the highest employment rate, the odds of infants whose mothers resided in areas with the lowest employment having CHD was 18% higher (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.26). Compared to infants whose mothers lived in the neighbourhoods with the lowest proportion of immigrants or minorities, infants whose mothers resided in areas with the highest proportions of immigrants or minorities had 18% lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.77–0.88) and 16% lower odds (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.91) of CHD, respectively. Conclusion Lower maternal neighbourhood household income, poverty, lower educational level and unemployment status had positive associations with CHD, highlighting a significant social inequity in Ontario. The findings of lower CHD risk in immigrant and minority neighbourhoods require further investigation.

Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Mocetti
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Market Success ◽  
Term Labor

Abstract This paper contributes to the growing number of studies on intergenerational mobility by providing a measure of earnings elasticity for Italy. The absence of an appropriate data set is overcome by adopting the two-sample two-stage least squares method. The analysis, based on the Survey of Household Income and Wealth, shows that intergenerational mobility is lower in Italy than it is in other developed countries. We also examine the reasons why the long-term labor market success of children is related to that of their fathers.

scholarly journals Off-farm Income, Credit Constraints, and Farm Investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-663
Author(s):  
Nigel Key
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Investment

AbstractMany farmers face borrowing limits that depend on their household income and net worth. Given such credit constraints, an increase in off-farm income should allow farmers to borrow more, thus influencing production decisions and productivity. To test this hypothesis, the education level of the farm operator’s spouse is used to identify exogenous variation in off-farm income. Findings indicate that higher off-farm income leads to more borrowing, capital expenditures, capital input intensity, farm labor use, output, farm income, and productivity. Results suggest that Federal programs that promote access to credit for limited-resource farmers may increase farm investment and productivity.

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