Masculinity, Poverty and Work: The Multiple Constructions of Work among Working Poor Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONI STRIER ◽  
LAURA SIGAD ◽  
ZVI EISIKOVITS ◽  
ELI BUCHBINDER
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Israeli Population ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article explores the impact of poverty on working men in light of the great diversity of the working poor population. Grounded upon a social constructivist theoretical framework and a comparative qualitative study of the working poor in Israel, this article examines the construction of ‘waged work’ among low income, Israeli working men. To illuminate the complex intersection of masculinity, poverty and waged work with ethnic and cultural categories, this unique study examines four different groups of Israeli citizens, corresponding to the main sub-groups of the Israeli population: secular, ultra-Orthodox, and immigrant Jews and Arab Israeli citizens.The article has five sections. The literature review briefly introduces the intersection of masculinity, poverty and waged work, presents some background about the social construction of masculinity in the local context and concludes with a short review of the definition of ‘working poor’. The context section explains concisely the background of this study, including the uniqueness of the Israeli labour market and some short references to the different sub-groups in the study. The methodology section specifies the theoretical framework, and the data gathering and analysis methods. The findings section presents an analysis of emerging themes. Finally, the discussion elaborates on the interrelation between masculinity, poverty and waged work in light of the great diversity among the working poor and the uniqueness of the Israeli labour market.

5. Populism and democracy

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Mudde ◽  
Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Electoral Power ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intense Debate

The relationship between populism and democracy has always been a topic of intense debate. Depending on its electoral power and the context in which it arises, populism can work as either a threat to or a corrective for democracy. To better understand this complex relationship, “Populism and democracy” presents a clear definition of (liberal) democracy, which helps to clarify how the latter is positively and negatively affected by populist forces. It then presents an original theoretical framework of the impact of populism on different political regimes, which allows us to distinguish the main effects of populism on the different stages of the process of both democratization and de-democratization.

Working Men Views of Poverty

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Strier ◽  
Zvi Eisikovits ◽  
Laura Sigad ◽  
Eli Buchbinder
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constructivist Perspective ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Population

Despite the alarming numbers of workers living in poverty in developed countries, work is still commonly seen as a way out of poverty. From a social constructivist perspective and based on qualitative research of the working poor in Israel, the article explores low-income Arab and Jewish working men’s views of poverty. It addresses research topics such as the meaning of work, the perception of the workplace, and the experience of poverty and coping strategies. In addition, the article examines the presence of ethnic differences in the social construction of in-work poverty. At the theoretical level, the article questions dominant views of work as the main exit from poverty, highlights the impact of gender and ethnicity in the construction of in-work poverty, and suggests the need for more context and gender-informed policies to respond to the complexity of the male working poor population.

scholarly journals Systematic review to identify proxy indicators to quantify the impact of eHealth tools on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries including Delphi consensus

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e022262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Perrin ◽  
Lothaire Hounga ◽  
Antoine Geissbuhler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Proxy Indicators ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo identify interventions that could serve as reliable proxy indicators to measure eHealth impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.DesignSystematic review and Delphi study.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from January 1990 to May 2016 for studies and reviews that evaluated interventions aimed at improving maternal/neonatal health and reducing mortality. Interventions that are not low-income and middle-income context appropriate and that cannot currently be diagnosed, managed or impacted by eHealth (eg, via telemedicine distance diagnostic or e-learning) were excluded. We used the Cochrane risk of bias, Risk Of Bias In Non- randomised Studies - of Interventions and ROBIS tool to assess the risk of bias. A three-step modified Delphi method was added to identify additional proxy indicators and prioritise the results, involving a panel of 13 experts from different regions, representing obstetricians and neonatologists.ResultsWe included 44 studies and reviews, identifying 40 potential proxy indicators with a positive impact on maternal/neonatal outcomes. The Delphi experts completed and prioritised these, resulting in a list of 77 potential proxy indicators.ConclusionsThe proxy indicators propose relevant outcome measures to evaluate if eHealth tools directly affect maternal/neonatal outcomes. Some proxy indicators require mapping to the local context, practices and available resources. The local mapping facilitates the utilisation of the proxy indicators in various contexts while allowing the systematic collection of data from different projects and programmes. Based on the mapping, the same proxy indicator can be used for different contexts, allowing it to measure what is locally and temporally relevant, making the proxy indicator sustainable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015027351.

Complexity and Knowledge in Organisational Context: Concepts, Approaches, Boundaries and Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Bitencourt Jorge ◽  
Marta Lígia Pomim Valentim ◽  
Michael J. D. Sutton ◽  
José Osvaldo de Sordi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Organisational Context ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Organisational Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study sought to understand the relationship among organisations, knowledge and complexity so that managers could develop more effective strategies when working with organisational knowledge and complexity. The theoretical framework of the theme was elaborated from Web of Science and then an analysis of identified approximations, relations and boundaries was carried out. Aiming at greater consistency regarding the approximations and boundaries among the studied themes, we sought complex organisations that contemplated knowledge as a resource. The initial search retrieved 95 articles, and after content analysis was performed, we identified 25 articles considering complex organisations as social organisms and knowledge as a resource. In this sense, difficulties were observed regarding the definition of the concept of complex organisation, as well as regarding the understanding of knowledge as a resource. After the analysis of the 25 articles, eight pointed to some characteristic of complex organisations, and this corpus does now allow to relate and identify the impact of knowledge on complexity, or complexity on knowledge. From these considerations, we discuss ways to manage complexity and knowledge as elements inserted in the organisational context.

The Application of Ecological Modelling to Toxic Contaminants and Ecosystem Stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-344
Author(s):  
Efraim Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Ecological Modelling ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Systems Ecology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intelligent Methods ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This review analyzes the application of ecological modelling to problems concerning toxic contaminants and ecosystem stress and explains the purpose and methods of the systems ecology approach, which could be useful to individuals involved in data gathering activities. The review provides operational definitions of ecosystem stress, gives a description of methods of the systems approach and analyzes several topics of interest such as the application of expert system methods in the environmental field and methods of ranking. Recommendations are given to managers in charge of monitoring activities can benefit by interacting with systems ecologists. Four topics are analyzed in detail: 1) Ecosystem stress. To assess the impact that toxic contaminants have on ecosystems we must give an operational definition of ecosystem stress and how to observe it. 2) The purpose and methods of the systems ecology approach. 3) The application of artificial intelligent methods in the environmental field. 4) Methods of ranking.

scholarly journals ‘There’s Nothing’: Unemployment, Attitudes to Work and Punitive Welfare Reform in Post-Crash Salford

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Jeffery ◽  
Dawn Devine ◽  
Peter Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Current State ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article explores attitudes and barriers to work, and the impact of punitive welfare reform in the City of Salford (Greater Manchester). Contextualising our discussion in relation to the contemporary landscape of inequality and social class in the UK, we draw attention to the trends towards the expansion of low-paid work, precarity, and stigmatisation, and highlight the need for more qualitative, geographically sensitive studies of how these phenomena are being played out. Describing the economic context of the City of Salford and the current state of its labour market, we then present the findings from qualitative interviews with a sample of low income, mostly working-class participants, who describe their orientations towards employment, perceptions of the labour market, barriers to employment and interactions with punitive welfare reform. Ultimately, we conclude by noting that both strategies of neoliberal statecraft aimed at the reduction of the charitable state described by Wacquant are at play in Salford and that their result is a discouragement from claiming welfare and a recommodification of labour.

The Utility of Vulnerability and Social Capital Theories in Studying the Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Durant
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The definition of a disaster is followed by an explanation of vulnerability and social capital theories. The importance of using a sound theoretical framework and the utility and efficacy of vulnerability and social capital theories in studying the impact of natural disasters on the elderly population are emphasized and discussed. The conclusion is that an integrated vulnerability and social capital framework has much merit and potential in studying the impact of natural disasters on the elderly and other populations.

scholarly journals Magnets and school turnarounds: Revisiting policies for promoting equitable, diverse schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Ayscue ◽  
Genevieve Siegel-Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Magnet Schools ◽  
School Turnaround ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Magnet School ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Turnaround Process ◽  
Cross Case Analysis

This case study examines how magnet school and school turnaround processes can work together to promote desegregation and improvement. Based on cross-case analysis of three magnet schools undergoing turnarounds, this study draws on data from the 2010 federal Magnet Schools Assistance Program grant and qualitative fieldwork through observations, interviews, and focus groups. In academically struggling schools with high concentrations of students of color and low-income students, successful magnet turnarounds involve changes across many aspects of the schools. While the local context is essential for shaping the magnet turnaround process, these three schools reveal common ways in which participants viewed their schools as successful turnarounds, the elements that supported success, and the challenges that magnets undergoing a turnaround are likely to face. Participants’ perceptions of a successful turnaround were based on increasing family interest and increasing racial and economic diversity, as well as improvements in curriculum and instruction, school culture, and academic achievement. This study helps broaden our definition of a school turnaround beyond higher test scores and reminds us of the origins of the concept, which revolved around desegregation. Lessons from the sites suggest that rather than closing underperforming or under-enrolled schools, districts should consider magnet schools as a turnaround approach.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Migrant Workers and Remittances Flow to Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 097152312199536
Author(s):  
Mamta B Chowdhury ◽  
Minakshi Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the migrant workers and remittances flow to Bangladesh, the fastest growing South Asian country. Migrant workers have been playing an important role in propelling the economic activities of the country for a vast majority of the low-income population. Bangladesh is one of the major remittance recipient countries and earned US$21.8 billion in 2020. Over half a million workers from Bangladesh are employed in foreign countries annually, which eases the pressure on the domestic labour market considerably. However, the inflow of these enormous remittances has been encountered by various challenges including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought numerous adverse socio-economic impacts on the migrant workers. Policy recommendations suggest designing and implementing well-coordinated public–private migrant workers’ inclusive policies and creating a supportive environment for the returnee migrant workers to overcome this crisis. Initiating dialogues and negotiation with the employing countries to protect the jobs and workers’ rights can restore the employment and remittances during and after the pandemic, facilitate the expansion of the labour market across borders, and harness the valuable remittances for the overall welfare of the country.

scholarly journals Unemployment, Employment, and Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-320
Author(s):  
Rolph van der Hoeven
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Definition Of

How have economic development, employment, and labour markets in Asian countries interacted since the publication of Myrdal’s Asian Drama? Myrdal rejected, correctly, the Western approach to, and definition of, employment, but very much underestimated the effects of the Lewisian development process. Myrdal’s concept of cumulative causation better explains how fast-growing countries with better labour markets have developed, by pursuing a developmental state and applying interventionist policies in agriculture, industry, and macroeconomics, as well as in social policies and in strengthening the participation of women in the labour market. Successful countries are also characterized by initial low-income inequality and targeted redistribution of factors of production. However, growing income inequality together with other development challenges can pose problems in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document