THE LAPIS POLLAE: DATE AND CONTEXTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Public Land ◽  
The Political ◽  
Road Building ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historical Themes

The article discusses the date, content and historical context of the lapis Pollae, a Latin inscription set alongside the road from Capua to Regium, recording the distance to various places and listing the achievements of an unknown Roman magistrate. Comparison with a milestone associated with the same road prompts a dating earlier than 131 bc, and internal evidence suggests a date prior to the Servile Wars, which broke out around 138 bc. It is further argued that by listing his achievements the magistrate was attempting to secure the political support of the colonial elites of Lucania. The article also uses the inscription as evidence for three historical themes: (1) the role of local communities and Italian entrepreneurs in the exploitation of public land in Sicily; (2) the role of local and Roman elites in southern Italian agricultural intensification; (3) Rome's use of road building to support colonization.

Separatism: a cross-linguistic corpus-assisted study of word-meaning development in a time of conflict

Corpora ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-416
Author(s):  
Tatyana Karpenko-Seccombe
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Word Usage ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Dominant Ideologies

This paper considers the role of historical context in initiating shifts in word meaning. The study focusses on two words – the translation equivalents separatist and separatism – in the discourses of Russian and Ukrainian parliamentary debates before and during the Russian–Ukrainian conflict which emerged at the beginning of 2014. The paper employs a cross-linguistic corpus-assisted discourse analysis to investigate the way wider socio-political context affects word usage and meaning. To allow a comparison of discourses around separatism between two parliaments, four corpora were compiled covering the debates in both parliaments before and during the conflict. Keywords, collocations and n-grams were studied and compared, and this was followed by qualitative analysis of concordance lines, co-text and the larger context in which these words occurred. The results show how originally close meanings of translation equivalents began to diverge and manifest noticeable changes in their connotative, affective and, to an extent, denotative meanings at a time of conflict in line with the dominant ideologies of the parliaments as well as the political affiliations of individuals.

scholarly journals Political Support in Times of Personalized Politics. A Qualitative Inquiry of French Citizens' Representations About Political Actors and the Political Regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Dolez
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Political Opinions

This article investigates how citizens speak about representative democracy and questions their perceptions of representation and of the democratic regime they live in, by mobilizing the distinction between diffuse and specific support, in a context of personalized politics. It shows that political actors and their performances are at the core of citizens' perceptions. I investigate citizens' representations of the political field through an original qualitative fieldwork, composed of couple interviews with French citizens, under the Sarkozy presidency. Studies about the political support of citizens often mobilize quantitative surveys to measure the degree of support and satisfaction. I rather choose the qualitative approach to grasp perceptions of political field through discussions about political and societal issues. Couple interviews offer an adequate framework to observe political opinions that are built in daily life. Representations of the political field are mainly dominated by the role of political actors. Political parties and institutions are rarely mentioned. Politicians are systematically held accountable, and are often criticized in citizens' discussions. The existing literature has often distinguished specific and diffuse support. My analysis tends to show that the weakness of the former through personalization can undermine the support for the regime. However, alternatives to representative democracy remain underexplored and even not considered. Overall, these representations depend on sociopolitical factors, such as political convictions or social backgrounds.

What Does Terrorism Accomplish? Economic, Psychological, and Political Consequences of Terrorism

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-142
Author(s):  
Alan B. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
The Media ◽  
Target Country

This chapter considers the consequences of terrorism. This is the area where with the least research. The chapter offers the author's interpretation of the literature, referring along the way to some of the work that has been done. It focuses first on the economic consequences of terrorist attacks. Then the chapter turns to their psychological consequences, followed by some comments about the role of the media. It also puts the threat of terrorism into perspective by comparing it with other risks that we as a nation have faced and placing it in historical context. Finally, the chapter discusses the political impact of terrorism on the target country.

Geneticists and the Eugenics Movement in Scandinavia

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Roll-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetic Science ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
Social Democratic Parties

Two questions will receive special attention in this account, namely the political location of eugenics and the role of genetic science in its development. I will show that moderate eugenic policies had broad political support. For instance, the Scandinavian sterilization laws which were introduced in the 1930s were supported by the Social Democratic Parties, who were partly in position of government. I will argue that the effect of genetic research was to make eugenics more moderate, mainly because the fears and hopes were shown to be exaggerated. Degeneration was much slower than feared at first, if it took place at all, and the expectation of rapid and large effects of eugenic policies on the gene pool likewise proved to be quite unrealistic.

For Italy in a changing world: the political apogee of Alcide De Gasperi, 1948–1954

Modern Italy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-471
Author(s):  
Barbara Taverni
Keyword(s):  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Social Catholicism ◽  
The Church

Following the political stabilisation achieved with the victory at the election in 1948 of the Christian Democrat Party, De Gasperi's leadership had to deal with new domestic and international dynamics. The government dialogue with the ‘laical’ parties did not end with the reconstruction of the identity of a nation divided by the Fascist phenomenon, nor did it solidify along the lines of an ideologically driven anti-Communist design. De Gasperi's leadership was interwoven with profound changes in the role of the Church, the economic system and political organisation, founded upon new party and government systems. The national and European dimensions influenced one another in this conjuncture, resulting in a new set of equilibria: in the stability of the executive, within the limits set by the primacy of the parliamentary institutions and the organisational role of the party as a focus for political support; in economics, with a revision of classical economic liberalism; and in a unique synthesis of the secular tradition with social Catholicism, with a new interpretation of the 1948 Constitutional model.

Toward a Rational Theory of Decentralization: Some Implications of a Mathematical Approach

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Kochen ◽  
Karl W. Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Organizational Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Long Run

This paper seeks to open for exploration the field of decentralization in politics and organizational design. As a first approach, it examines conditions under which decentralization is preferable from the viewpoint of rationality or cost-effectiveness. Our normative statements as to what would be best, or what should be done, are formulated first from the viewpoint of the subjects or clients, but they are expected to include the interest of the community in ensuring adequate service at low cost, and they also include the interest of the rulers, insofar as their power in the long run depends on their capacity to respond to the demands made upon them quickly enough and adequately enough to retain their political support.The political theory underlying our study assumes that modern governments retain “their just powers by the consent of the governed,” and hence that both their legitimacy and their power will depend at least in significant part on their ability to respond adequately to the popular demands made upon them. We do not deal in this study with other important criteria of preference, such as the psychological value which some of those who take the role of powerholders may put upon centralized control, or the contrary value which some of those who identify with their subjects may put upon power sharing and decentralization.

scholarly journals ‘This man is looking for a gesture’: John Dos Passos’s Transcultural and Transnational Views about History and Literature in "Rosinante to the Road Again"

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Eulalia Piñero Gil
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
Political Unconscious ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Road ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
History And Literature

This interdisciplinary essay analyzes John Dos Passos’s travel book Rosinante to the Road Again (1922) from a Jamesonian perspective, focusing on the implicit dialectical interaction between creativity and the totality of history, the role of the modernist utopian illusion and the quest for return to an Edenic past, the cosmopolitan expatriate individual as a fundamental part of a historical context, and the implications of the literary form in relation to a concrete textual tradition or movement. For this purpose, the analysis draws on Jameson’s The Modernist Papers and The Political Unconscious to establish a dialectical criticism that investigates how the literary form is engaged with a material historical situation. Therefore, the Spanish socio-historical reality depicted in Rosinante becomes a symbol of Dos Passos’s search for the return to the mythic Arcadia. In his transcultural and transnational quest for the Spanish gesture, Dos Passos was searching how to define his own unstable hybrid modernist identity in the context of Spanish history and literature. As a result, Rosinante becomes a sort of paradigmatic modernist epic in which the American writer experiments with the literary motif of the journey as a form of self-exploration. His temporary expatriate condition, and the reality of being an American with Portuguese roots, determined his need for a more Edenic and epic culture far from the limitations of the American urban industrialization and materialism.

scholarly journals Dzsentrifikáció Szöul belvárosában– Cshonggjecshon

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

Until the mid-20th century, the historic center of Seoul was divided by a stream in a west-east direction. By the 1950s, the water of the stream had become so polluted that only the full coverage of it could solve the resulting problems. An elevated highway was built in its place. At the turn of the millennium, as part of the rehabilitation of the district, the former creek was excavated, the road demolished and an artificial natural environment created. Although the reconstruction was intended to strengthen the historic character of the city center, the artificial watercourse and the emphasized role of tourism discredited the project to socially-minded critics. In this study, we present all of this, but go one step further and interpret the socio-economic damage resulting from the disintegration of local communities in the working-class neighborhood that has develop dover the decades as the cost of renewal.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT ‘TEA’ IN THE POEM ‘DEAD SOULS’ BY NIKOLAI GOGOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Burdin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Nikolai Gogol ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dead Souls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tea Drinking

The article deals with the concept of ‘tea’ in the poem by Nikolai Gogol Dead Souls. The main representations of this concept in the poem are identified, its influence on the plot and the composition is determined, conclusions about the symbolic meaning of tea in Dead Souls are provided. Representations of the concept of ‘tea’ in the text of the poem are compared with the representations of the studied concept in other works by Gogol such as The Government Inspector, Nevsky Prospekt, The Portrait, The Nose, The Overcoat and others, which made it possible to draw a conclusion about the special role of tea in Dead Souls. The actualization of the studied concept in the text is compared with the literary and historical context, it is shown what Gogol’s innovativeness lies in, the features of the Gogol literary tea drinking are identified. In Dead Souls, the author pays special attention to treats, with the role of tea still being more significant than the role of other treats. Tea emphasizes the contrasts in the text, allows the author to make the grotesque brighter, illustrates the motive of the road, and serves as a vivid household detail. Key representations of the concept of ‘tea’ in the poem are: ‘an element of hospitality’, ‘an attribute of friendship’, ‘tea as a commodity’, ‘tea as an element of luxury’, ‘tea as part of alcohol culture’. Tea is inextricably connected with the key symbolic leitmotive of the work – the motive of the road. The representation of ‘tea as an attribute of travel’ brings the Gogol’s poem closer to other texts of Russian literature where tea is part of the semantic field ‘road’, and the path itself is endowed with a symbolic meaning.

Postdisaster Politics: New Lessons from New Orleans

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-725
Author(s):  
Robert S. Montjoy ◽  
Edward E. Chervenak
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Measure Change

How do disasters affect voting? A series of postdisaster studies have sought to answer this question using a retrospective framework through which voters deviate from normal patterns of political support (measured by votes or attitudes) to punish or reward officials for their performance, or lack thereof. Here, we argue that the political effects of disasters can last longer than and be qualitatively different from reactions to the original disaster because postdisaster recoveries generate their own issues, to which voters may respond prospectively, and retrospectively. Local communities affected by disasters are likely sites for this effect because their citizens experience the consequences of a disaster more directly and for longer periods than do national audiences. The case of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina demonstrates this point. Where most studies of postdisaster politics use partisanship as the baseline against which to measure change, we use race because that has been the overriding division in New Orleans. We show that local political effects of Katrina were much more complex and longer lasting than have been found in prior research based on the retrospective model. In the years following the storm, voters changed the pattern of race-based voting for mayoral candidates, approved major governmental reforms, and responded to prospective issues in their evaluation of the incumbent mayor.

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