5 Structure of the Site Defined by the Cultural Features and Correlation with the Surface Distribution of Cultural Items

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Binford ◽  
Sally R. Binford ◽  
Robert Whallon ◽  
Margaret Ann Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Fair Sample ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Features

It has previously been argued (Binford 1964) that because of the differences in the formal properties of cultural items (as distinguished from cultural features) that there are different problems associated with obtaining an adequate and representative sample of both items and features. Excavation and recovery techniques which might be adequate to the recovery of a fair sample of cultural items might not be sufficient for supplying similar information regarding a population of cultural features.The investigation of Hatchery West was conducted with an eye to this problem, and the methods employed were aimed toward insuring an adequate and representative sample of both cultural items and cultural features. These sampling procedures allowed us to investigate the relationship between these two classes of archaeological data and to assess the degree to which the formal-spatial structure of a population of items is correlated with the formal-spatial structure of a population of features.

3 Site Definition: Surface Distribution of Cultural Items

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Binford ◽  
Sally R. Binford ◽  
Robert Whallon ◽  
Margaret Ann Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Entity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
Cultural Features

The initial problem in approaching an archaeological site as a structural entity is to define the boundaries of the sampling universe within which the investigator must work. In the case of Hatchery West, it was hoped that by following the procedures mentioned earlier (having the fields especially plowed, waiting until there had been sufficient rain to settle the newly plowed earth, laying out a grid over the entire plowed area, and collecting all items exposed on the surface and bagging them by grid square) the analysis of the resulting data would permit definition of the boundaries, as well as something of the internal structure of the site. Aside from the obvious advantages of defining the universe in which we would work, we hoped to investigate the nature of the relationship between the structure of the site as defined by the surface distribution of cultural items and the structure of the site as defined by the spatial configuration of sub-surface cultural features. This kind of investigation was prompted by an awareness that certain general principles of site selection as well as guide lines to selecting the locations on a site for excavation have been traditionally employed for many years. It seems fair to say that archaeologists have tended to select for excavation sites with ihe greatest yield of cultural items from surface collections and have tended to excavate areas on such sites selected in terms of two general criteria: 1) where there are above ground indications of cultural features, e.g., such things as mounds, house depressions, walls, etc.; and 2) where there is the greatest density of cultural items observed in the surface reconnaissance. I have previously addressed myself to the problem of obtaining an adequate and representative sample of both cultural items and cultural features (Binford 1964). The work reported here is an attempt to evaluate objectively the assertion that traditional methods of selecting locations for excavation could lead to inadequate and misrepresentative data about the site being investigated.

Humans and the Environment

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The environment has always been a central concept for archaeologists and, although it has been conceived in many ways, its role in archaeological explanation has fluctuated from a mere backdrop to human action, to a primary factor in the understanding of society and social change. Archaeology also has a unique position as its base of interest places it temporally between geological and ethnographic timescales, spatially between global and local dimensions, and epistemologically between empirical studies of environmental change and more heuristic studies of cultural practice. Drawing on data from across the globe at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, this volume resituates the way in which archaeologists use and apply the concept of the environment. Each chapter critically explores the potential for archaeological data and practice to contribute to modern environmental issues, including problems of climate change and environmental degradation. Overall the volume covers four basic themes: archaeological approaches to the way in which both scientists and locals conceive of the relationship between humans and their environment, applied environmental archaeology, the archaeology of disaster, and new interdisciplinary directions.The volume will be of interest to students and established archaeologists, as well as practitioners from a range of applied disciplines.

Gender and Marital Satisfaction: Data from the National Survey of Families and Households

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Farrell J. Webb ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction Relationship ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Small Support

In 1972, Bernard argued that marriage was good for men and bad for women. Subsequent research noted that wives, on average, reported lower marital satisfaction than husbands. Furthermore, when differences within couples existed on marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse; however, most previous studies of the gender/marital satisfaction relationship had not been based on nationally representative samples. A nationally representative sample from the 1988 Survey of Families and Households was used to assess the relationship of gender with marital satisfaction. Within-couple analyses indicated that wives were less satisfied with their marriages than husbands and that, when substantial within-couple differences occurred with respect to marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse. Results provide at least small support for feminist assertions about the relatively adverse nature of marriage for women in the United States.

scholarly journals Sandhills, sandbanks, waterways, canals and sacred lakes at Sais in the Nile Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Penelope Wilson ◽  
Hosni Ghazala
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Era

Abstract. The paper explores the relationship between the archaeological zones of the ancient city of Sais at Sa el-Hagar, Egypt, and the natural landscape of the western central Nile Delta and, in particular, the extent to which the dynamic form of the landscape was an element in the choice of settlement location. Furthermore, settlement at Sais has been determined to have existed at several locations in the immediate environs of the current archaeological zones from the Neolithic period, around 4000 BCE (Before Common Era), to the modern day, suggesting that the local environment was conducive to sustainable settlement, culminating in the establishment of a capital city in the 7th century BCE. The nature of the settlement, its immediate environs and waterway systems will, thus, be described, based on correlation of geological, geophysical, remote sensing and archaeological data, in order to establish if and when human interactions in the landscape can be determined to be reactive or proactive.

scholarly journals FOMO, Brands and Consumers – about the Reactions of Polish Internet Users to the Activities of Brands in Social Media (Based on CAWI Representative Research)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Fear of Missing Out is mainly a subject of psychological research; however, due to its specific nature, it gains an interdisciplinary character. Thanks to this, it can also be analysed from the perspective of media or business. This paper focuses on the threads of the relationship between FOMO and marketing communication online. It realizes the following objectives: it presents the scale of FOMO in Poland; it analyses the phenomenon in the context of consumers’ reactions to basic brand activity on social and it shows differences between the answers given by all the respondents and those with high FOMO. In order to clarify the scope of the research work, four research questions are answered: how do social media users react to the use of particular features of social platforms by brands? What form of posts coming from brands are preferred by Polish Internet users? What is the attitude of the respondents towards advertisements posted on social media portals? Does FOMO influence the answers in any way? The research was based on the nationwide, representative sample of Internet users aged 15+ (N=1060). The tool was the CAWI questionnaire.

scholarly journals Estimating the Dog Population, Responsible Pet Ownership, and Intestinal Parasitism in Dogs in Quito, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colon Jaime Grijalva ◽  
Heather S. Walden ◽  
P. Cynda Crawford ◽  
Julie K. Levy ◽  
William E. Pine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In 2011, authorities of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador, approved an ordinance to promote public health and animal welfare through responsible pet ownership promotion. The population of dogs was not known, and the relationships between dog abundance, socio-economic factors, prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites, and pet ownership responsibility had not been investigated. The objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the human:dog (HD) ratio, (ii) to examine the relationship between household factors and responsible pet ownership and (iii) to estimate the prevalence of households with one or more dogs infected with intestinal parasites in Quito, Ecuador. Space-based random sampling procedures were used for estimation of HD ratios in stray dogs and confined owned dogs. The relationship between household factors and a responsible pet ownership index was examined using logistic regression. Dog fecal samples were tested for intestinal parasites. Among stray dogs, the observed HD ratio was 58:1. Among dogs kept indoors, the observed HD ratio was 3,5:1. A positive interaction effect between number of dogs in study households and household living conditions (a proxy for household wealth) on responsible pet ownership was observed, which we discuss in this report. Prevalence of households with dogs infected with intestinal parasites was 28% (95% CI = 21-37). Ancylostoma spp. was the most frequent intestinal parasite in study dogs kept indoors. This study provides new information that can be used by policy makers to formulate, implement, and evaluate public policies and education programs aimed at enhancing pet ownership responsibility in Ecuador.

scholarly journals 'Parecen que lo olvidan': Plurals did it again

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
María Mare ◽  
Enrique Pato
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Case Theory ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spanish Dialects

The distribution of DDPP in raising constructions –depending on the embedded clause’s formal properties– has been essential for Case Theory and movement. Likewise, the behavior of DDPP, according to agreement facts, has given rise to relevant discussions about the kind of movement involved (A-Movement/A’-Movement). Nevertheless, this distribution is not so clear in certain Spanish dialects, which shows a double agreement effects. It means that the embedded verb as well as the raising verb (parecer ‘to seem’) present inflectional number (and person) morphology: Parece-n que lo olvida-n (seem.3PL that it forget.3PL ‘They seem to forget him’). The analysis of the data in these varieties allows us to define many characteristics which are relevant from a descriptive and a theoretical point of view. Descriptively, it is possible to identify some notable particularities, with respect to the position of the DP, which triggers agreement and the interaction of these constructions with dative experiencers as well (Me parece que... ‘It seems to me that...’). From a theoretical point of view, these data have consequences for approaches on agreement, on the relationship between Case and movement, and on the discussion regarding the Experiencer Paradox in Spanish. Additionally, they allow us to identify a new empirical domain in which a DP plural number feature has an active role in the Probe-Goal domain.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Evaluation of Remuneration Justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Marta Juchnowicz ◽  
Hanna Kinowska
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
The Relationship

Although the large body of literature suggests the importance of fair compensation, the understanding of the nature of remuneration justice remains limited. The paper fills the gap by combining the three streams in the research: diversified definitions of justice in management sciences, philosophy and ethics, theory of organizational justice and research on employee engagement. Based on theoretical assumptions, a remuneration justice as-sessment model was developed. The evaluation of the remuneration fairness depends on three dimensions: perception of the features of the remuneration system, employees’ convictions regarding the legitimacy of pay differentiation and work needs. The hypothe-sised model was tested on a representative sample of 1,067 working Poles. This research has used SEM-PLS approach including exploratory factor analysis. The find-ings carry theoretical implications, since they extend the research and refine the essence of remuneration justice. From a practical perspective, the relationship between the three predictors – system, beliefs and needs – provide a proof on how remuneration justice is composed and how it could be developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document