scholarly journals Formal Training Requirements for Future Managers of Commercial Agriculture

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Willard F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
Chemical Companies ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Agricultural Industries

The title of this article restricts our discussion to training for commercial farm management. As most are aware, however, the structure of the entire agricultural business complex has changed greatly in recent years. We have seen a sharp growth in the number and size of commercial farms with resource capabilities far beyond those of traditional family farms, the transition in some agricultural industries (as in broiler production and cattle feeding) to factory types of operation, and vertical integration of food and feed companies toward agriculture and even into farm production. We are also observing the development of agricultural corporations. Some of these are integrating into agribusiness operations and in conglomerate patterns. For example, some of our Texas cattle feeding corporations have now merged with chemical companies or oil firms, and one has acquired a large scale broiler enterprise. A number own and operate ranches or meat packing plants. One or two have established subsidiary credit corporations.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Models of Farms in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Hanna Klikocka ◽  
Aneta Zakrzewska ◽  
Piotr Chojnacki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Standard Output ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The article describes and sets the definition of different farm models under the categories of being family, small, and large-scale commercial farms. The distinction was based on the structure of the workforce and the relationship between agricultural income and the minimum wage. Family farms were dominated by the farming family providing the labour and their income per capita exceeded the net minimum wage in the country. The larger commercial farms feature a predominance of hired labour. Based on surveys, it was found that in 2016 in the EU-28 there were 10,467,000 farms (EU-13—57.3%, EU-15—42.7%). They carried out agricultural activities on an area of 173,338,000 ha (EU-13—28.5%, EU-15—71.5%). Countries of the EU-28 generated a standard output (SO) amounting to EUR 364,118,827,100 (EU-13—17.2% and EU-15—82.8%). After the delimitation, it was shown that small farming (70.8%) was the predominant form of management in the European Union (EU-13—88.2% and EU-15—79.8%) compared to family farming (18.4%) (EU-13—10.5% and EU-15—29%). In most EU countries the largest share of land resources pertains to small farms (35.6%) and family farms (38.6%) (UAA—utilised agricultural area of farms).

scholarly journals Nutritional implications of dietary patterns in Mali

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Melinda Smale ◽  
◽  
Veronique Theriault ◽  
Ryan Vroegindewey ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Household Dietary Diversity ◽  
Food Consumed

Mali’s population is experiencing lifestyle and dietary changes that are driven in part by urbanisation and income growth. Utilising two large-scale datasets, we bring new empirical evidence regarding whether Malians are shifting toward highly processed foods, meals purchased away from home, and sugary foods. We find that on-farm production represents only 25% of the food consumed by rural households during the hungry season, and 36% after harvest. Processed food shares are greater in urban (60%) than in rural areas (48%), and considerably higher overall than those reported for Eastern and Southern Africa, but with a lower portion of highly processed foods and negligible shares of meals consumed outside the home. Average household dietary diversity scores are higher in urban than in rural areas. Women’s and household diet diversity varies by season in both locations. About half of farm women interviewed did not meet minimum adequate dietary diversity during the lean season.

scholarly journals Present Status and Perspective on the Future Use of Aflatoxin Biocontrol Products

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Moral ◽  
Maria Teresa Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Boris X. Camiletti ◽  
Ramon Jaime ◽  
Themis J. Michailides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Agricultural Industries

Aflatoxin contamination of important food and feed crops occurs frequently in warm tropical and subtropical regions. The contamination is caused mainly by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination negatively affects health and trade sectors and causes economic losses to agricultural industries. Many pre- and post-harvest technologies can limit aflatoxin contamination but may not always reduce aflatoxin concentrations below tolerance thresholds. However, the use of atoxigenic (non-toxin producing) isolates of A. flavus to competitively displace aflatoxin producers is a practical strategy that effectively limits aflatoxin contamination in crops from field to plate. Biocontrol products formulated with atoxigenic isolates as active ingredients have been registered for use in the US, several African nations, and one such product is in final stages of registration in Italy. Many other nations are seeking to develop biocontrol products to protect their crops. In this review article we present an overview of the biocontrol technology, explain the basis to select atoxigenic isolates as active ingredients, describe how formulations are developed and tested, and describe how a biocontrol product is used commercially. Future perspectives on formulations of aflatoxin biocontrol products, along with other important topics related to the aflatoxin biocontrol technology are also discussed.

The Sage System Training Program for the Air Defense Command

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Rowell ◽  
Eugene R. Streich
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Training Principles ◽  
Conceptual Formulation

This article describes the development and implementation of a program to train a large-scale, semi-automatic data processing system known as SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment). Particular attention is given to describing the the air defense system, the methodology used to satisfy the training requirements, the conduct of the training program in operational settings, and results of various studies of training effectiveness. Of significance was the emergence of a unique conceptual formulation of system training principles and of associated simulation techniques.

Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorben Grau ◽  
Andreas Vilcinskas ◽  
Gerrit Joop
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Insect Gut

AbstractThe farming of edible insects is an alternative strategy for the production of protein-rich food and feed with a low ecological footprint. The industrial production of insect-derived protein is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than livestock farming or aquaculture. The mealwormTenebrio molitoris economically among the most important species used for the large-scale conversion of plant biomass into protein. Here, we review the mass rearing of this species and its conversion into food and feed, focusing on challenges such as the contamination of food/feed products with bacteria from the insect gut and the risk of rapidly spreading pathogens and parasites. We propose solutions to prevent the outbreak of infections among farmed insects without reliance on antibiotics. Transgenerational immune priming and probiotic bacteria may provide alternative strategies for sustainable insect farming.

LAND CONCENTRATION PROCESSES ON THE BASIS OF STATE LAND RESOURCES ON DOLNY ŚLĄSK

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (6) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Tomasz Berbeka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Total State ◽  
Transformation Processes

The object of this study was evaluation of state land concentration in farms within 1992-2015. After economy transformation processes the agricultural public sector was opened for private ownership land turnover. The purpose of new law legislations was to distribute land to family farms with lighter accessible to agricultural land. From the other hand since 1992 existed law regulation promoted large scale farms functioning on the basis of sale and land lease. In the region of Lover Silesia small share of land contrahents (2.74%) purchased or leased 53.6% of total State Land in transactions over 100 ha. This confirms large scale of land concentration and lower accessible for family farms. Current legal regulations improved small and medium size farm situation by introducing new grade- points system and memorandum for State Land purchase.

scholarly journals Pesticide use and biodiversity conservation in the Amazonian agricultural frontier

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1619) ◽  
pp. 20120378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Schiesari ◽  
Andrea Waichman ◽  
Theo Brock ◽  
Cristina Adams ◽  
Britta Grillitsch
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Hazardous Compounds ◽  
Technical Recommendations

Agricultural frontiers are dynamic environments characterized by the conversion of native habitats to agriculture. Because they are currently concentrated in diverse tropical habitats, agricultural frontiers are areas where the largest number of species is exposed to hazardous land management practices, including pesticide use. Focusing on the Amazonian frontier, we show that producers have varying access to resources, knowledge, control and reward mechanisms to improve land management practices. With poor education and no technical support, pesticide use by smallholders sharply deviated from agronomical recommendations, tending to overutilization of hazardous compounds. By contrast, with higher levels of technical expertise and resources, and aiming at more restrictive markets, large-scale producers adhered more closely to technical recommendations and even voluntarily replaced more hazardous compounds. However, the ecological footprint increased significantly over time because of increased dosage or because formulations that are less toxic to humans may be more toxic to other biodiversity. Frontier regions appear to be unique in terms of the conflicts between production and conservation, and the necessary pesticide risk management and risk reduction can only be achieved through responsibility-sharing by diverse stakeholders, including governmental and intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, financial institutions, pesticide and agricultural industries, producers, academia and consumers.

The Decoupling of Farm and Household: Differential Consequences of Capitalist Development on Southern Illinois and Third World Family Farms

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane H. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Third World ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The Third World

The literature on women's role in economic development in the third world indicates that as agrarian societies industrialize, women tend to take on ever greater responsibility for agricultural production, in addition to their reproductive and household duties, as working age men and, in some cases, women seek wage labor to supplement insufficient farm production (Boserup 1970:80–81; Bossen 1984; Deere and León de Leal 1981; Ward 1984).

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