scholarly journals Specification of Supplies and Demands For Subsector and Submarket Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
David H. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Input Markets

Regional supply-adjustment studies are either underway or completed for milk, feed grain-livestock, wheat, rice, cotton, and beef. Other related studies take subsectors as units of analysis for studying markets for such inputs as labor and fertilizer, or for studying regional comparative advantage.This paper reviews the specification of supply and demand for both kinds of studies and develops the concept of effective subsectoral demands and supplies from the standard Walrasian adjustment behavioral assumptions. These concepts are applied to both the input markets and the product markets. Two commonly used specifications of subsectoral functions: (1) the method of equal elasticity as the aggregate, and (2) the method of equal slope as the aggregate, are found to be incorrect specifications of subsectoral functions in perfectly competitive adjustment studies, except in very restrictive circumstances. The theoretically consistent specifications are developed and shown to be operationally useable for future studies.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN COCONUT COMPETITIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Heriyanto Heriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
International Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Constant Market Share Analysis ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
Derivative Products

Indonesia is one of the country's largest Coconut producer and exporter in the world market. The management efforts of Indonesia coconut not optimal, coconut export is still largely in the form of primary products, a type of derivative products coconut produced Indonesia is still limited. But in general, this research aims to analyze the Export Competitiveness of coconut Indonesia in international markets, specifically aims to analyze the position and competitiveness of Indonesia coconut commodities in the international market. Methods of data analysis using Trade Specialization Index (TSI), the analysis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and the Constant Market Share analysis (CMS). The results showed that during the period of 2005-2016, the development of supply and demand are relatively unstable and likely to rise. TSI values during the period of 2005-2016 have the value positive that shows that Indonesia is a country exporting coconut and belongs into the categories of very mature in the international market, indicated by the average value of the TSI of 1.00. The value of the RCA during the period of 2005-2016 have a value above 1 indicating that Indonesia Coconut has a comparative advantage for the commodity. While the analysis results in CMS during the period of 2005-2016 based on the four effects shows that the competitiveness of coconut Indonesia influenced by standard growth effects and efficient distribution where the coconut export growth in Indonesia is affected by the growth of coconut import world.  

scholarly journals Quantitative mismatch between empirical temperature-size rule slopes and predictions based on oxygen limitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Einum ◽  
Claus Bech ◽  
Øystein Nordeide Kielland
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractIn ectotherms, adult body size commonly declines with increasing environmental temperature, a pattern known as the temperature-size rule. One influential hypothesis explaining this observation is that the challenge of obtaining sufficient oxygen to support metabolism becomes greater with increasing body size, and more so at high temperatures. Yet, previous models based on this hypothesis do not account for phenotypic plasticity in the physiology of organisms that counteracts oxygen limitation at high temperature. Here, we model the predicted strength of the temperature-size response using estimates of how both the oxygen supply and demand is affected by temperature when allowing for phenotypic plasticity in the aquatic ectotherm Daphnia magna. Our predictions remain highly inconsistent with empirical temperature-size responses, with the prior being close to one order of magnitude stronger than the latter. These results fail to provide quantitative support for the hypothesis that oxygen limitation drives temperature-size clines in aquatic ectotherms. Future studies into the role of oxygen limitation should address how the strength of the temperature-size response may be shaped by evolution under fluctuating temperature regimes. Finally, our results caution against applying deterministic models based on the oxygen limitation hypothesis when predicting future changes in ectotherm size distributions under climate change.

scholarly journals Quantitative Mismatch Between Empirical Temperature-Size Rule Slopes and Predictions Based on Oxygen Limitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Einum ◽  
Claus Bech ◽  
Øystein Nordeide Kielland
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oxygen Limitation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract In ectotherms, adult body size commonly declines with increasing environmental temperature, a pattern known as the temperature-size rule. One influential hypothesis explaining this observation is that the challenge of obtaining sufficient oxygen to support metabolism becomes greater with increasing body size, and more so at high temperatures. Yet, previous models based on this hypothesis do not account for phenotypic plasticity in the physiology of organisms that counteracts oxygen limitation at high temperature. Here, we model the predicted strength of the temperature-size response using estimates of how both the oxygen supply and demand is affected by temperature when allowing for phenotypic plasticity in the aquatic ectotherm Daphnia magna. Our predictions remain highly inconsistent with empirical temperature-size responses, with the prior being close to one order of magnitude stronger than the latter. These results fail to provide quantitative support for the hypothesis that oxygen limitation drives temperature-size clines in aquatic ectotherms. Future studies into the role of oxygen limitation should address how the strength of the temperature-size response may be shaped by evolution under fluctuating temperature regimes. Finally, our results caution against applying deterministic models based on the oxygen limitation hypothesis when predicting future changes in ectotherm size distributions under climate change.

Corn trade simulations of China: reduction in tariffs versus expansion in tariff-rate quotas

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Masato Yamazaki ◽  
Atsushi Koike ◽  
Yueying Mu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Tariff Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tariff Rate Quotas ◽  
Self Sufficiency

PurposeCorn, which has the highest domestic production, planting area and consumption, is the top cereal in relation to demand and supply in China. However, the comparative advantage of China in corn has continuously deteriorated in recent years and based on the recent situation and possible supply and demand trends, it is widely accepted that a corn self-sufficiency rate of 95% is difficult to achieve. Under current import-restriction policies, corn may stand at the crossroads of reforms to solve its predicted insufficient supply. In this study, the authors analyse the necessity of relaxing trade restrictions on corn in China and explore the effects of trade restrictions by reducing tariffs and expanding tariff-rate quotas on corn and related industries and the welfare change caused by possible relaxations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and design nine scenarios for the analysis.FindingsThe results show that relaxations of import restrictions are probable methods to meet the aim of sufficient corn supply during shortages. They are simulated to reduce corn's domestic production and price, increase import and import prices and lead to a decline in self-sufficiency but benefit the production of corn-related industries of corn. The results also imply that expanding the quota is a better method for releasing trade restrictions in China.Originality/valueThe comparative advantage of China in corn deteriorated with an increase in prices. Based on the current situation and possible trends of supply and demand, the referenced goal of achieving 95% corn self-sufficiency appears difficult, implying that reliance on imports is probably imminent and vital. This study provides simulation results in future scenarios and offers policy implications for China's corn trade policies.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN KAIMANA PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Suharyanto Suharyanto ◽  
Adang Agustian ◽  
Parlindungan Y Silitonga
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Private Cost ◽  
The Face ◽  
Papua Barat

Determination  of  superior  regional  commodity  is  the  first  step  towards  the agriculture development which based on concept of efficiency to achieve comparative and competitive advantage in the face of  global trade.Step toward efficiency can be reached by developing commodity that has a comparative advantage in terms of both supply and demand  side.The  purpose  of  this  study  to  analyzed  the  commodity  which  has  the comparative  advantage  of  various  commodities  that  exist  in  the  Kaimana  district. Secondary data were collected on estate commodities production  data sourced from BPS as well as primary data through a survey of 60 farmer respondents. Data analyzed using LQ (Location Quotient), Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) and Private Cost Ratio (PCR).  The  analysis showed  that  the  highest  LQ  value  for  coconut  contained  in  Teluk Etnasub  district,  in  the  sub  district  Buruway  cocoa  and  nutmeg  in  Kambrau  sub district.Coconut, cocoa and nutmeg have a comparative advantage in Kaimana district as shown by DRCR smaller than one. While there is a competitive advantage only in cocoa and nutmeg demonstrated with PCR values smaller than one.

Lifeworld as “unit of analysis”

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Gorichanaz ◽  
Kiersten F. Latham ◽  
Elizabeth Wood
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
First Time

PurposeThe authors discuss the lifeworld as a research concept for the field of information behaviour, which serves to problematise the concept of unit of analysis. In so doing, the authors demonstrate how the lifeworld can be adopted as a unit of analysis in information behaviour research, that is, how research can be based in the lifeworld rather than merely looking at the lifeworld. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first situate our discussion in the current of information behaviour scholarship. The authors then introduce the concepts of lifeworld and unit of analysis and consider how they intersect. Next, to show the importance of the lifeworld, the authors present two recent studies in which the lifeworld emerged. Finally, the authors discuss how lifeworld-based research can be conducted more conscientiously.FindingsThough many research approaches deal with lived experience in one way or another, they tend not to fully grasp these experiences. As opposed to units of analysis such as individual, social group, person-in-situation, etc., using lifeworld as a unit of analysis allows phenomena to be researched holistically and without reductionism.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors limit the discussion to the concept of the lifeworld as developed by Husserl, the concept’s originator. The lifeworld has been discussed and extended by other authors since, but this work is not considered here. The viewpoint is offered as a supplementary perspective, meant to be enriching to our field of study, rather than divisive.Originality/valueThis is the first time the concept of the lifeworld has been fully explicated in information science. As the authors discuss, two recent information behaviour studies that “discovered” the lifeworld through their analysis. Future studies that attend to the lifeworld from the start have the capacity to build on this work and extend the horizons of information science.

scholarly journals Ethanol Plant Location Determinants and County Comparative Advantage

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Lambert ◽  
M. Wilcox ◽  
A. English ◽  
L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Location Determinants ◽  
Input Markets

The location of ethanol plants is determined by infrastructure, product and input markets, fiscal attributes of local communities, and state and federal incentives. This empirical analysis uses probit regression along with spatial clustering methods to analyze investment activity of ethanol plants at the county level for the lower U.S. 48 states from 2000 to 2007. The availability of feedstock dominates the site selection decision. Other factors, such as access to navigable rivers or railroads, product markets, producer credit and excise tax exemptions, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether bans provided some counties with a comparative advantage in attracting ethanol plants.

Trade — Can Canada Compete Global Supply – Demand Outlook for Industrial Roundwood

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Boulter
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Demand Factor ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Year 2000

The global forest will increasingly come under demographic pressures for both industrial and non-industrial goods and services.World supplies of industrial wood to the year 2000 on a sustainable basis are estimated to be adequate to meet future demand. However, appears to be less certain towards the year 2030.Emerging global trends for the supply of and demand for industrial roundwood suggest a shift in the production, consumption and trade. This shift is predicated on a number of supply and demand factors. The key demand factor is the slowing down of population and economic growth in the developed countries which implies a lesser rate of growth in consumption of forest products. The key supply factor is the rate of establishment of plantations of fast growing species in the tropical and sub-tropical regions which implies shift in the comparative advantage of producing industrial wood away from the northern hemisphere. The implications for Canada are significant and suggest more dynamic interpretation of where our comparative advantage in forest products lies. Key words: Global supply-demand, comparative advantage, trade patterns.

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