Précis of Talking to Our Selves: Reflection, Ignorance, and Agency

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Doris
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Remarkable Degree

AbstractDoes it make sense for people to hold one another responsible for what they do, as happens in countless social interactions every day? One of the most unsettling lessons from recent psychological research is that people are routinely mistaken about the origins of their behavior. Yet philosophical orthodoxy holds that the exercise of morally responsible agency typically requires accurate self-awareness. If the orthodoxy is right, and the psychology is to be believed, people characteristically fail to meet the standards of morally responsible agency, and we are faced with the possibility of skepticism about agency. Unlike many philosophers, I accept the unsettling lesson from psychology. I insist, however, that we are not driven to skepticism. Instead, we should reject the requirement of accurate self-awareness for morally responsible agency. In Talking to Our Selves I develop a dialogic theory, where the exercise of morally responsible agency emerges through a collaborative conversational process by which human beings, although afflicted with a remarkable degree of self-ignorance, are able to realize their values in their lives.

Précis of Talking to Our Selves

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
John M. Doris
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Remarkable Degree ◽  
Dialogic Theory

One of the most unsettling lessons from recent psychological research is that people are routinely mistaken about the origins of their behavior. Yet philosophical orthodoxy holds that the exercise of morally responsible agency typically requires accurate self-awareness. If the orthodoxy is right, and the psychology is to be believed, people characteristically fail to meet the standards of morally responsible agency, and we are faced with the possibility of skepticism about agency. This chapter is derived from Doris’s Talking to Our Selves (2015b), which responds to the skeptical threat by developing an “anti-refectivist” dialogic theory, where the exercise of morally responsible agency emerges through a collaborative conversational process by which human beings, although afflicted with a remarkable degree of self-ignorance, are able to realize their values in their lives.

Dehumanization and Mentalizing Animals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Kasperbauer
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mental State Attribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phenomenal States

This chapter applies the psychological account from chapter 3 on how we rank human beings above other animals, to the particular case of using mental states to assign animals moral status. Experiments on the psychology of mental state attribution are discussed, focusing on their implications for human moral psychology. The chapter argues that attributions of phenomenal states, like emotions, drive our assignments of moral status. It also describes how this is significantly impacted by the process of dehumanization. Psychological research on anthropocentrism and using animals as food and as companions is discussed in order to illuminate the relationship between dehumanization and mental state attribution.

Reflections on Narrative of Contemporary Western Landscape Space

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
Tian Yi Qiu ◽  
Song Fu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Western Landscape

The current landscape space design ignored the existence of self-awareness and demonstration of Human Beings, meanwhile it also make human beings being dominated constantly. This thesis combined narrative, space, plot and other theories which related with the theory of landscape design explored the design methods which make the landscape views more appealing and space-create strategies which take narrative as spatial clues from the angel of main body in creation and started by aesthetic experience and behaviors of Human Beings, it also reflect harmonious spatial order between Views and Human Beings.

scholarly journals Emergence and evolution of social networks through exploration of the Adjacent Possible space

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Ubaldi ◽  
Raffaella Burioni ◽  
Vittorio Loreto ◽  
Francesca Tria
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
American Physical

AbstractThe interactions among human beings represent the backbone of our societies. How people establish new connections and allocate their social interactions among them can reveal a lot of our social organisation. We leverage on a recent mathematical formalisation of the Adjacent Possible space to propose a microscopic model accounting for the growth and dynamics of social networks. At the individual’s level, our model correctly reproduces the rate at which people acquire new acquaintances as well as how they allocate their interactions among existing edges. On the macroscopic side, the model reproduces the key topological and dynamical features of social networks: the broad distribution of degree and activities, the average clustering coefficient and the community structure. The theory is born out in three diverse real-world social networks: the network of mentions between Twitter users, the network of co-authorship of the American Physical Society journals, and a mobile-phone-calls network.

Liberal Civic Education, Religious Commitment, and the Spillover Thesis: What Psychology Can Teach Us

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Phillips ◽  
Laura McMillian
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Secular Society

AbstractThis article addresses an idea central to liberal debates on civic education: the spillover thesis. Both egalitarian liberals and their religious opponents in these debates claim that liberal civic education creates spillover effects into the way individuals assess the meaning of their own lives. Some religious citizens fear that their politically reasonable conceptions of the good life are being undermined by education that emphasizes the practice of autonomous reasoning. Egalitarian liberals usually acknowledge this risk or cost, but deny that religious citizens should be given special dispensation from the burdens of autonomous reasoning. Some may even hope that conservative religious beliefs will be eroded by the practice of liberal civic education. This article disputes the spillover thesis. Given the best evidence available from the field of cognitive psychology, we challenge the notion that critical personal reflection about public matters is bound to spillover into critical reflection about private moral matters. On the contrary, the evidence suggests that human beings are usually well equipped to compartmentalize and are capable of reasoning in different ways depending on the context. Thus, reasonable citizens of faith are not necessarily unduly burdened by programs of civic education; nor are liberal programs of civic education necessarily going to lead us to a more secular society of autonomous thinkers. The article also speaks to a broader civic humanist tradition in political philosophy that includes Plato, Tocqueville, Rousseau, and Marcus Aurelius. For these authors, the success of a political enterprise is seen to crucially depend on the inculcation of a robust and comprehensive system of private virtue. For without private virtue, there is no public virtue. If we are correctly interpreting the available psychological research, private virtue need not be as crucially relevant for the success of common political enterprises. The inculcation of private moral virtue does not so clearly translate into making good leaders, voters, and public servants.

scholarly journals Zwierzę w filozofii moralności

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-268
Author(s):  
Wiesław Dyk
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
Moral Dimension ◽  
The One

The discussion about the rights of animals is always up-to-date. The dichotomy division into philoanimalists and philohominists, although reasonable, is not satisfactory to everyone. It is too strongly associated with the division into people and things in Roman law. To avoid this association in the context of biocentric trends in ecological ethics, accomplishments of evolutionary psychology and the concept of animal welfare, it is suggested that a third moral dimension dealing with creatures with highly developed nervous system be introduced between moral objectivity of creatures with high perception and moral subjectivity of people - creatures characterized by self-awareness and reflexive awareness. Human beings on the one hand are responsible for recognizing their rights given by nature and on the other hand, they are obliged to create a law to protect themselves.

scholarly journals Desain Pendidikan Pembebasan Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus sebagai Jalan Humanisasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Lourine Sience Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Liberation Education ◽  
Education Innovation ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Issues of Liberation Education for children with special needs (Heward), (Wiyani 2014: 2) become a n interesting phenomenon that requires educational innovation. the philosophy of ABK education innovation is liberation both physically and psychologically, as human beings. Bandhie Delphie (2012: 2) revealed that children with special needs have their own learning characteristics and specificities. Likewise, children with special needs at the Leleani PLB school and Pelita Kasih Ambon. They need a pattern of liberation education as a way of humanization. The purpose of this paper is to design liberation education to find patterns of education that free children with special needs. The implication is that every child will accept his existence as a free human being, an independent human being, especially a humanist person. The method used to collect and analyze problems based on research data is qualitative with a descriptive approach whose results are dialogue and communication with love and affection. Apart from that consientization (Freire, 1984: 41) self as a human being. The conclusion of liberation education through dialogue and communication in love and affection and the effort to build self-awareness of children with special needs is the design of liberation education for children with special needs as a way to discover the human nature of themselves as human beings. 

Psychometric Properties of Scales for the Measurement of Psychosocial Variables Associated with Depression in Adolescence1

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_part_1) ◽  
pp. 1019-1046
Author(s):  
Judy A. Andrews ◽  
Peter M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Hyman Hops ◽  
Robert E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Family Social Support

In preparation for a community-based study of depression in adolescence, several pilot studies were conducted with samples of adolescents. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the reliability and association with depression of several instruments when used with older (14- to 18-year-old) adolescents. These instruments included measures of cognitions, body image, self-esteem, self-awareness, social interactions with peers and family, social support, micro- and macrostressful life events, anxiety and tension, positive affect, antisocial or oppositional behavior, suicidal ideation, and vocabulary. The internal consistency reliability and stability of most of the instruments were satisfactory. In addition, most instruments were associated with a measure of depression, Radloff's Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. Several of the scales were successfully abbreviated using techniques based on factor analysis and item analysis.

scholarly journals The Vulnerable (Post) Modern Self and the “Greening” of Spiritual Personhood through Life in the Spirit

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Mary Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
Life On Earth

In the period now being called the Anthropocene, the fatal vulnerabilities of the modern way of constructing selfhood are becoming ever more evident. Joanna Macy, who writes from a Buddhist perspective, has argued for the need to “green” the self by rediscovering its participation in ecological and cosmic networks. From a Christian perspective, I would articulate this in terms of an imperative to rediscover our spiritual personhood as radical communion in both God and cosmos. In this paper, “self” refers to an ever-restless process of construction of identity based in self-awareness and aimed at maintaining one’s integrity, coherence, and social esteem. I use the term “person,” on the other hand, to refer to a relational center that exists to be in communion with other persons. How—within the conditions of the dawning Anthropocene—can the tension between these two essential aspects of human existence be opened up in a way that can more effectively protect human and other life on Earth? This would require, it seems, harnessing both the self-protective and the self-giving potentials of human beings. The proposed path is to give ourselves over into the rhythms of the Spirit, being breathed in to selfless personal communion and out to co-creation of our refreshed selfhood.

Plato's Critique of Hedonism in the Philebus

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT C. BARTLETT
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Precise Nature ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Human Good ◽  
Self Knowledge

No one can claim to have thought seriously about the question “How ought I to live?”, the guiding question of political philosophy, without having confronted the powerful answer to it supplied by hedonism. In thinking about hedonism today, we may begin from that thinker who was both very important to and early in its history: Plato. Of the dialogs that have come down to us as Plato's, only the Philebus takes as its direct aim the examination of pleasure's claim to be the human good. The Philebus culminates in the suggestions that the need for self-awareness or self-knowledge may finally be more fundamental to all human beings (and hence to hedonists) than is even the desire for pleasure, and that the experience of at least some pleasures constitutes a great obstacle to precisely the self-knowledge we seek. The Philebus is important today not only because it contains a searching analysis of hedonism but also because it compels us to raise the crucial question of the precise nature of “the good” with which we are justly most concerned—our own or that of others—a question whose centrality to self-knowledge we are in danger of forgetting.

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