scholarly journals Ergodic rational maps with dense critical point forward orbit

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Rees
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Orbit ◽  
Rational Maps ◽  
Forward Orbit

AbstractExamples are constructed of ergodic rational maps with dense critical orbit.

DYNAMICS AND BIFURCATIONS OF A FAMILY OF RATIONAL MAPS WITH PARABOLIC FIXED POINTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3323-3339
Author(s):  
RIKA HAGIHARA ◽  
JANE HAWKINS
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Dimension ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Riemann Sphere ◽  
Julia Set ◽  
Critical Orbit ◽  
Rational Maps ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dynamical Properties

We study a family of rational maps of the Riemann sphere with the property that each map has two fixed points with multiplier -1; moreover, each map has no period 2 orbits. The family we analyze is Ra(z) = (z3 - z)/(-z2 + az + 1), where a varies over all nonzero complex numbers. We discuss many dynamical properties of Ra including bifurcations of critical orbit behavior as a varies, connectivity of the Julia set J(Ra), and we give estimates on the Hausdorff dimension of J(Ra).

scholarly journals Distribution of rational maps with a preperiodic critical point

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Dujardin ◽  
Charles Favre
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Rational Maps

Leading monomials of escape regions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kiwi
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Algebraic Curve ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Critical Orbit ◽  
Limiting Behavior ◽  
Hyperbolic Component ◽  
Cubic Polynomials ◽  
Escape Region

This chapter considers a leading monomial vector, which uniquely determines the escape region and within which is encoded important information about the limiting behavior of the periodic critical orbit. Thus, for each p ≥ 1, this chapter considers the affine algebraic curve Sₚ formed by all monic and centered cubic polynomials with a marked critical point which has period p under iterations. Each unbounded hyperbolic component of Sₚ, called an escape region, has an associated vector of leading monomials which encodes the asymptotic behavior of the periodic critical orbit. The chapter shows that this vector determines the escape region, giving a positive answer to a question posed by Bonifant and Milnor.

scholarly journals Perturbations of weakly expanding critical orbits

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genadi Levin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Rational Function ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Rational Maps ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Precise Form ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Zero Number

This chapter studies perturbations of polynomials and rational functions with several (possibly, not all) summable critical points. It proves that there exists an r-dimensional manifold Δ‎ in an appropriate space containing f (a polynomial or a rational function which has r summable critical points) such that for every smooth curve in Δ‎ through f, the ratio between parameter and dynamical derivatives along forward iterates of at least one of these summable points tends to a non-zero number. In doing so the chapter establishes a precise form of this relation for rational maps with one critical point satisfying the summability condition (certain expansion rate assumption along the critical orbit). This result brings to a natural general form many previously known special cases studied over the years.

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

SEM Cold Stage Techniques for the Observation of Vegetative and Floral Apices of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
B. K. Kirchoff ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Collapse ◽  
Conductive Paint ◽  
Carbon Based

In attempting to use the SEM to investigate the transition from the vegetative to the floral state in oat (Avena sativa L.) it was discovered that the procedures of fixation and critical point drying (CPD), and fresh tissue examination of the specimens gave unsatisfactory results. In most cases, by using these techniques, cells of the tissue were collapsed or otherwise visibly distorted. Figure 1 shows the results of fixation with 4.5% formaldehyde-gluteraldehyde followed by CPD. Almost all cellular detail has been obscured by the resulting shrinkage distortions. The larger cracks seen on the left of the picture may be due to dissection damage, rather than CPD. The results of observation of fresh tissue are seen in Fig. 2. Although there is a substantial improvement over CPD, some cell collapse still occurs.Due to these difficulties, it was decided to experiment with cold stage techniques. The specimens to be observed were dissected out and attached to the sample stub using a carbon based conductive paint in acetone.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

Preservation of Plant Cell Surfaces For Scanning Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
Linda M. Sicko ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

The use of critical point drying is rapidly becoming a popular method of preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy. The procedure is rapid, and produces consistent results with a variety of samples. The preservation of surface details is much greater than that of air drying, and the procedure is less complicated than that of freeze drying. This paper will present results comparing conventional air-drying of plant specimens to critical point drying, both of fixed and unfixed material. The preservation of delicate structures which are easily damaged in processing and the use of filter paper as a vehicle for drying will be discussed.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dried and Acid Treated Shells of Difflugia

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Barry S. Eckert ◽  
S. M. McGee-Russell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Point Method ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Cell Locomotion ◽  
Single Opening ◽  
Scanning Electron

Difflugia lobostoma is a shelled amoeba. The shell is an external structure of considerable mass which presents the animal with special restrictions in cell locomotion which are met by the development of active pseudopodial lobopodia containing, apparently, an organized system of thick and thin microfilaments (Eckert and McGee-Russell, 1972). The shell is constructed of sand grains picked up from the environment, and cemented into place with a secretion. There is a single opening through which lobopods extend. The organization of the shell was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Intact shells or animals with shells were dried by the critical point method of Anderson (1966) or air dried, after primary fixation in glutaraldehyde.

Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽  
Samuel A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

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