Political Conflict and Lesson-Drawing

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brian Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Plant Closing ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
American States ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Maintenance Policies ◽  
Lesson Drawing ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTPolitical adversaries have reason and opportunity to use foreign lessons to gain advantage in political conflicts. Political factors strongly affect the way public policy lessons are drawn and transformed into public policy. Political opponents contest the value, practicality, and transferability of policy initiatives in order to bias the outcome. The paper hypothesizes that (i) the politicization of lesson-drawing induces issue experts to emphasize the descriptive and technical aspects of programs; (2) gives an incentive to advocates of change to use lessons to advance their position during the agenda-setting process; and (3) gives opponents of change an incentive to draw counterbalancing negative lessons from foreign experience when a proposed lesson reaches the point where adoption is entirely possible. The 1988 Congressional debate over mandatory plant closing prenotification provides evidence supporting hypotheses. The paper further hypothesizes: (4) most polities will not adopt both conservative and liberal programs even when theoretically they could do so; and (5) the degree to which a population of polities adopt a particular lesson will be a function of the program's economic and politicial feasibility. The diffusion of labor market and income maintenance policies across the American states supports both of these claims.

Do Economic Inequalities Generate Political Conflict? An Insight into Civil War and Niger Delta Crisis in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Sarabjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Economic Inequalities

The outbreak of political conflicts within countries has been a source of immense human suffering. The serious repercussions and challenges posed by these conflicts direct one to identify the factors that can be political or economic in nature for the outbreak of these domestic conflicts. The present study, without undermining the role of political factors, nevertheless considers economic factors in terms of inequality as significant for the outbreak of conflicts and particularly in understanding the Civil War and Niger Delta Crisis in the context of countries like Nigeria.

scholarly journals Ethnicity in political conflicts: ethnicization of politics and politicization of ethnicit

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-97
Author(s):  
Viktor Avksentev ◽  
Boris Aksiumov ◽  
Galina Gritsenko
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Ethnopolitical Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurs ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Main Factor

The article analyzes the definitions and concepts of ethnopolitical conflict and its contradictory nature is shown. Ethnopolitical conflict can function and evolve as an “ethnized” political conflict and as a politically framed ethnic conflict. Being on the thin line between rational-political and irrational-ethnic regimes of existence, ethno-political conflicts, usually arising as conflicts of interests, as a product of ethnic entrepreneurship, most often drift towards a conflict of identities. That is why ethnopolitical conflicts are among the most intractable types of conflicts, some of them turn into protracted conflicts and are destructive in their manifestations and consequences. The article studies risk-related aspects of the interaction of ethnic and political factors of social development, leading to the ethnicization of politics and politicization of ethnicity, and it is shown that the politicization of ethnicity is a prerequisite and one of the most important factors in the genesis of ethnopolitical conflicts. The process of politicization of ethnicity is caused by ethnopolitical tension objectively established in a particular society or region, but often the main factor of this process is the focused activity of ethnic entrepreneurs, who use conditions, favorable for them, or deliberately increase the level of tension. The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of the politicization of ethnicity and ethnicization of politics, analyzes the main scholarly approaches to studying the phenomenon of politicization of ethnicity and its impact on social processes. Most authors mainly accentuate the negative consequences of the politicization of ethnicity, although some researchers point to the functionality of ethnicity in regional political systems where there are long-standing and strong traditions of combining politics and ethnicity

scholarly journals On sovereign bonds and marijuana: Comparing supremacy limits in the US and the EU

2021 ◽  
pp. 1023263X2110486
Author(s):  
Mohamed Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Political Factors ◽  
Sovereign Bonds ◽  
American States ◽  
State Legislator ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Do So

Against the background of the PSPP judgement, the article conducts an under-researched comparison of the German Court's recent judgement with incidents of defiance from American states’ legislatures. Particularly, it highlights the example of marijuana laws in the US where a handful of states managed to legislate de facto governing norms contrary to the federal ones. The article then examines the German Court's last decision on sovereign bonds to compare the underlying factors that facilitates European judicial defiance with those contributing to occasional state legislator resistance in the US. Comparison to the highly centralized US shows that defiance of supremacy cannot be eliminated, but its conducive factors can be controlled to ensure a functioning constitutional system. To do so, attention must be paid to popular, fiscal and political factors, rather than to exclusively legalistic ones.

Direct Democracy and Public Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 362-379
Author(s):  
John Matsusaka
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Median Voter ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
American States ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Initiative Process ◽  
Swiss Cantons

An extensive literature seeks to measure the effect of the initiative and referendum on public policies. Several conclusions emerge: The initiative and referendum have different effects on policy. Requiring popular approval of fiscal policies (mandatory referendums) results in lower expenditure, taxes, and debt. The initiative process gives voters more power and results in policies closer to the median voter preference; this often has reduced spending (American states, Swiss cantons), but sometimes has increased spending (cities). The initiative is associated with more socially conservative policy choices. Spurious correlation is a concern in many studies, and more research on causality is needed.

scholarly journals Carer Empowerment Is Key to Reduce Dementia Care Inequalities in the Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4378
Author(s):  
Syed Fahad Javaid ◽  
Aishah Al-Zahmi ◽  
Munir Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Spiritual Perspectives ◽  
Do So

Dementia represents a significant problem in the Middle East. Sociocultural and political factors that shape conceptions of health and care tend to stifle research and the dissemination of knowledge throughout the Middle East. These socio-political challenges concerning engagement with individuals living with dementia and their carers include language barriers, stigmatization, logistical constraints, lack of informal support outside of hospitals, and over-dependence on clinicians for dementia information. There is an urgent need in the Middle East to increase care and support for adults with dementia and their carers, enhance research efforts and improve the dissemination of information related to dementia in the region. One possible way to do so is to begin to promote a knowledge-based culture throughout the Middle East. This can be achieved by aligning traditional deterministic and spiritual perspectives of mental health with more Western, scientific, and evidence-based models. We suggest employing practical, multidimensional approaches to deal with the stated challenges, both at individual and societal levels. Doing so will improve knowledge of dementia and allow health and social care systems in the Middle East to begin to address a growing problem.

scholarly journals The need for a Net Zero Principles Framework to support public policy at local, regional and national levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
Karen Turner ◽  
Antonios Katris ◽  
Julia Race
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Near Term ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Do So

Many nations have committed to midcentury net zero carbon emissions targets in line with the 2015 Paris Agreement. These require systemic transition in how people live and do business in different local areas and regions within nations. Indeed, in recognition of the climate challenge, many regional and city authorities have set their own net zero targets. What is missing is a grounded principles framework to support what will inevitably be a range of broader public policy actions, which must in turn consider pathways that are not only technically, but economically, socially and politically feasible. Here, we attempt to stimulate discussion on this issue. We do so by making an initial proposition around a set of generic questions that should challenge any decarbonisation action, using the example of carbon capture and storage to illustrate the importance and complexity of ensuring feasibility of actions in a political economy arena. We argue that this gives rise to five fundamental ‘Net Zero Principles’ around understanding of who really pays and gains, identifying pathways that deliver growing and equitable prosperity, some of which can deliver near-term economic returns, while avoiding outcomes that simply involve ‘off-shoring’ of emissions, jobs and gross domestic product.

scholarly journals Root causes and ways of the settlement of ethno-political conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-392
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumkin
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Characteristic Features

The presentation analyzes three belts of ethno-political conflict that directly affect the national interests of Russia. The link between ethno-political processes and globalization is highlighted, uncovering a number of challenges. Seven characteristic features of the contemporary world order are identified and their influence on the state of ethno-political conflicts and the prospects for their settlement are discussed.

scholarly journals Political opportunities in the Tuzla region before agresia on Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-300
Author(s):  
Sead Omerbegović ◽  
◽  
Izet Hadžić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Political Opportunities

Political circumstances are the result of the action of political factors, the power structures in one space. In this paper, we look at the political situation in one region - a smaller area that is affected by political conflicts in the wider region. More precisely, the paper presents political options, generators of political circumstances in the Tuzla region until the beginning of the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina in April 1992.

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