scholarly journals Big Cabinets, Big Governments? Grand Coalitions and Public Policy in the German Laender

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Schniewind ◽  
Markus Freitag ◽  
Adrian Vatter
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
National Level ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
Coalition Governments

AbstractThe inauguration of Germany's grand coalition of Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) raises questions about the public policy performance of a coalition of ideological opposite. This paper turns attention to influence of coalition governments on the size of government in the German Laender from 1992 to 2005. We investigate whether grand coalitions at the sub-national level in Germany systematically affect government spending for education (including cultural affairs) and internal security. The article argues that the effects of grand coalitions on the size of the public sector are moderated by partisan politics but sometimes in unexpected ways. For example, government spending in the field of education is reduced when leftist parties are powerful in the Laender.

scholarly journals Internal Migration and Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele G. Giuranno ◽  
Rongili Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Median Voter ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Elected Representatives ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Actual Size

Abstract This paper studies the relation between internal migration and public spending on public goods. We describe centralized public policy when a central government is comprised of elected representatives from local electoral districts. Internal migration determines the median voter in the districts. The median voters decide the equilibrium policy through bargaining. We find the conditions under which voters’ mobility results in larger or smaller public spending. Furthermore, the distance between the actual size and the efficient size of government spending depends on the way internal migration changes the distribution of income within and between districts.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and the Public Sector: A Comparison of Canada and Italy, 1870-2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Livio Di Matteo ◽  
Thomas Barbiero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Stagnation

There is considerable evidence that the size of the public sector can influence an economy’s rate of economic growth. We investigate public sector spending of central governments and economic performance in two G7 countries over the long-term, Canada and Italy. Their economic performance has diverged in the last 25 years and it is worth investigating whether the size of government was a contributing factor. We find that in both the case of Canada and Italy the size of central government spending directly affects the performance of their economies in an inverse U-shaped relationship known as a Scully/BARS Curve. These results suggest that along with modifying current central government size, other levels of governments may need to shrink their own spending. The fact that the amount spent by government on pensions as a percentage of GDP in Italy is nearly 4 times that in Canada may partly explain the higher level of Italy’s public debt as well as an indirect contributing factor to economic stagnation in the last 25 years.

State Phobia, Then and Now: Three Waves of Conflict over Wisconsin's Public Sector, 1930–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Collins ◽  
H. Jacob Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

While state legislative rollbacks of public-sector workers’ collective bargaining rights in Wisconsin and other US states in 2011 appeared to signal an unprecedented wave of hostility toward the public sector, such episodes have a long history. Drawing on recent work on “governance repertoires,” this article compares antistate initiatives in Wisconsin in 2011 to two previous periods of conflict over the size and shape of government: the 1930s and the 1970s. We find that while small government advocates in all three periods used similar language and emphasized comparable themes, the outcomes of their advocacy were different due to the distinct historical moments in which they unfolded and the way local initiatives were linked to political projects at the national level. We explore the relationship of local versions of small government activism to their national-level counterparts in each period to show how national-level movements and the ideological, social, and material resources they provided shaped governance repertoires in Wisconsin. We argue that the three moments of conflict over the size of government are deeply intertwined with the prehistory, emergence, and rise to dominance of neoliberal political rationality and can provide insight into how that new “governance repertoire” was experienced and built at the local level.

scholarly journals Proposal of public policies regarding the reduction of deforestation in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Ana Nezalizov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Time

Romania, the problem of deforestation is not a novelty, but, on the contrary, the Romanian state has been facing this for a long time, I would like to mention that the problem of deforestation is not only at national level, but is also felt globally. Massive deforestation is due to a high demand on the market, wood, but also wood products, the more they are illegal, because poaching is at high levels in our country. The issue of deforestation is not unique, but it still entails a lot of shortcomings, such as: desertification of the soil and decrease of its quality, which can be followed by water drying, landslides, etc., decreased air quality due to CO2 emissions, which is constantly increasing, floods, which endanger the citizens who have their homes nearby, thus biodiversity suffers, following the loss of shelter or climate change. The general objective of the public policy proposal is stopping illegalities regarding the forestry fund, improving air quality and biodiversity, stopping illegal trade.

scholarly journals PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN ACEH: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON MAQASID PERFORMANCE PAIRWISE MATRIX (MPPM)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dayyan ◽  
Mustafa Omar Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Infrastructure Health

Governments provide a host of goods and services to their citizens to achieve various socio-economic objectives. Such spending is done through various programs that include social security, education, infrastructure, health and economic. Several conventional approaches for measuring efficiency of government expenditure have been proposed in the literature. Most of these measures are quantitative in nature. For government spending based on Shari’ah oriented public policy (al-Siyasah al-Shar’iyyah), which is value loaded, there is a need for complementary qualitative yardstick to measure whether such spending achieves Maqasid al-Shari’ah. The present study has made use of content analysis to develop a Maqasid Performance Pairwise Matrix (MPPM), as one of the tools of Islamic oriented public policy (al-Siyasah al-Shar’iyyah); to measure the public perception on government expenditure in Aceh in eight areas and the extent to which the expenditure conforms to Maqasid al-Shari’ah. MPPM was used as an instrument to survey 233 respondents in Aceh. The data from the survey were validated analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The findings from the study are mixed. Government spending in Aceh in Education and health achieved results at the level of Complements (Hajiyat), beyond the basic need (Daruriyat). Whereas in the other six areas, which include economics, public services and housing, government spending is only able to satisfy the basic needs of the Acehnese. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for future research. =========================================== Pemerintah menyediakan tempat barang dan jasa untuk warga negara mereka untuk mencapai berbagai tujuan sosial-ekonomi. Seperti pengeluaran, yang dilakukan melalui berbagai program termasuk jaminan sosial, pendidikan infrastruktur, kesehatan dan ekonomi. Beberapa pendekatan konvensional untuk mengukur efisiensi pengeluaran pemerintah telah ada dalam sejumlah literatur. Sebagian besar pendekatan ini bersifat kuantitatif. Untuk belanja pemerintah berdasarkan kebijakan publik yang berorientasi syariah (al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyyah), yang penuh dengan nilai- nilai, ada kebutuhan untuk melengkapi tolok ukur kualitatif untuk mengukur apakah pengeluaran tersebut mencapai Maqasid al-Syari'ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi untuk mengembangkan Maqasid Kinerja Berpasangan Matrix (MPPM), sebagai salah satu alat kebijakan publik berorientasi Islami (al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyyah); untuk mengukur persepsi publik atas belanja pemerintah di Aceh pada delapan daerah serta sejauh mana pengeluaran sesuai dengan Maqasid al-Syari'ah. MPPM digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk menyurvei 233 responden di Aceh. Data dari survei ini dianalisis validitasnya dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 18.0. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bervariasi. Belanja pemerintah di Aceh dalam bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan mencapai hasil pada tingkat komplemen (Hajiyat), di luar kebutuhan dasar (Daruriyat). Sedangkan di enam daerah lain, yang meliputi ekonomi, pelayanan publik dan perumahan, belanja pemerintah hanya mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat Aceh. Studi ini memberi kesimpulan dengan rekomendasi dan saran untuk penelitian di masa yang akan datang.

Communication in the heart of policy and the conduct of conduct

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Martijn Kraaier
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Public Service ◽  
National Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Government Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – In 2001, Dutch politician Jacques Wallage introduced the concept of “communication in the heart of policy”, which sought to bridge the perceived gap between the government and the populace. He also advocated for a stronger focus on the proper representation of cabinet ministers in the mass media. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications experienced by communication professionals in the Dutch public service in terms of integrating this approach. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a series of 17 qualitative semi-structured interviews held with communication professionals either previously or currently employed in the Dutch public service. Findings – The findings show that it has become increasingly difficult for communication professionals in the Dutch public service to maintain the strict separation between government communication and political communication that once characterised their work. Research limitations/implications – The focus of this paper is on government communication in the Netherlands at a national level. Practical implications – This paper argues that a stronger focus on the image and reputation of cabinet members blurs the line between government communication and political communication, which may defeat the purpose of “communication in the heart of policy”. Originality/value – This paper offers a unique insight into government communication practices in a consociational state, where politics are marked by negotiation and a common striving for broad consensus, and where the public service is controlled by coalition governments rather than one particular party.

scholarly journals Políticas públicas de formação de diretores de escolas públicas no Brasil: Uma análise do Programa Nacional Escola de Gestores da Educação Básica (PNEGEB)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Natália Bazoti Brito Sottani ◽  
Sandra Regina Holanda Mariano ◽  
Joysi Moraes ◽  
Bruno Francisco Dias
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Public School Principals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
High Level ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper informs the results of the analysis about public policy of training public school principals, implemented through the National Program of Basic Education Managers (PNEGEB), which was in force in Brazil from 2006 to 2016 and was invested the amount of R$70.017.228,06. The analysis was carried out using the perspective of the public policy cycle model (Howlett & Ramesh, 1995, 2003). In-depth interviews were conducted with specialists from the Ministry of Education (MEC), the State Secretariat for Education of Rio de Janeiro and universities participating in the Program, and documents provided by the MEC were consulted. Of the 36,443 vacancies offered, at the end of 2016, only 19,257 principals (53%) had completed the course. The complexity of implementing the Program at the national level and the lack of articulation between the various actors involved in this policy, to a certain extent, explain the high level of evasion. MEC did not evaluate the Program, reaffirming the country's difficulty in evaluating public policies in a consistent manner and enabling it to guide future actions and investments. The discontinuity of the Program and the lack of a public policy to replace it suggest a reduction of this theme among the priorities of the country. 

scholarly journals ‘No Sense of Reality’

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-239
Author(s):  
Kirk Niergarth
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
National Government ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

In 1936 George Drew, future Premier of Ontario, was greatly concerned that a false and very dangerous impression of the Russian experiment in government was being spread in Ontario. So he traveled to Russia in 1937 where he confirmed his preconceived ideas with first-hand observation. For him, toleration of domestic communism could lead either to the horrors of Stalin’s USSR or to the fascism of Hitler or Mussolini. Canada’s best option, he felt, was to follow Britain in ending partisan politics and establishing a “National Government.” Thus, in the 1930s, he worked, unsuccessfully, to create coalition governments in Toronto and Ottawa. This article concludes that the lens through which Drew viewed the USSR can be reversed to gain insight into the Canadian political culture of which he was a part. The right-wing solutions that Drew advocated were conveyed to the public through international comparison and analogy based on Drew’s eye-witness account of his European tour.

Practices and Perceptions of Local Health Officers/Commissioners Regarding Tobacco 21 Policy Advocacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992198927
Author(s):  
Ruben Juarez ◽  
Salma Haidar ◽  
Jodi Brookins-Fisher ◽  
Heidi Hancher-Rauch ◽  
Mallory Ohneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public

Progress has been made in reducing adolescent cigarette smoking. However, the popularity of vaping products has increased concerns regarding tobacco use. One policy recently passed at the national level is Tobacco 21 (T21), which aims to reduce adolescent’s access to tobacco products. Since local health officers/commissioners play a crucial role in the development of policies that protect their respective communities from the harms of tobacco, it is important to characterize their views on the T21 legislation and advocacy activities among them. This was a cross-sectional pilot study of three Midwestern states taken prior to a number of key tobacco-related events in 2019. Results show almost 70% of respondents had high interest in influencing public policy, more than 80% thought the public policy makers’ actions regarding T21 were highly important to the health and well-being of the public, and 89% had in some capacity acted to support a T21 initiative. Involvement with legislative efforts was not high, despite evidence showing high popularity of the measure among the public. The top perceived benefits included a decrease in tobacco use among adolescents, improvements to community or state health, and delay in tobacco use initiation. Top barriers listed were issues with enforcement, lack of money or resources, competing health priorities, and policy makers’ attitudes and values. Respondents overall had significantly lower confidence in performing activities at the state versus local level. Findings suggest there may be a need for more advocacy training on effective advocacy strategies in changing health policy.

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