scholarly journals The Selection of Policy Instruments: a Network-based Perspective

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Th. A. Bressers ◽  
Laurence J. O'Toole, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Instrument Selection ◽  
Policy Style ◽  
Recent Theoretical Development ◽  
Choice Of Instruments ◽  
Selection Of

The concepts of policy instruments and policy networks have played important roles in recent theoretical development on public policy, as research in several nations attests. These notions, however, have largely been considered in isolation from each other. Here a simple typology of policy networks is used to help explain the selection of different kinds of instruments by governments. Several instrument characteristics are considered for the expected impact of network features on instrument selection, and a set of propositions is developed that matches degrees of network interconnectedness and cohesion with the choice of different kinds of instruments – such as regulations, subsidies, and covenants. Examples from different national and policy-sectoral contexts are used to indicate the plausibility of the argument. The article suggests that considering network attributes can be useful in understanding governments' choice of instruments and can strengthen extant discussions largely focused on such variables as learning and policy style.

Public Sector Agency Choice of Policy Instruments Across Governance Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Cigler
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Instrument Selection ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Selection For

A core responsibility of government is to protect people and property from disasters caused by natural hazards. The wide mix of policy instruments available and their impacts across governance systems to prevent and mitigate such disasters, to prepare and respond when they occur, and to provide for recovery offer a wealth of lessons for understanding policy instrument choice and impacts in a policy arena crucial to ensuring public safety. The array of options spans the entire policy process from problem definition and agenda-setting to policymaking, decision-making, and implementation, as well as evaluation. Regulatory instruments are especially important but individual voluntary behaviors are crucial. Instrument selection for dealing with natural hazards is a relatively understudied but emerging topic in the policy literature overall, which can inform the gamut of classical issues in the study of public policy. Comparative public policy research, an historical perspective, and careful attention to an array of research approaches are especially useful for examining instrument selection for natural hazards policies. This allows for acknowledging the gamut of diverse actors and agencies that span the public, private, and nonprofit sectors, as well as civil society. Policy choices are both domestic and internationalized. Importantly, policy instrument choices need to be examined across multiple levels of governance, both horizontal and vertical, and must not focus solely on the mix of policy instruments but also on actors and institutional structures, settings, and cultures. Research in political science, economics, public policy, and public administration is especially informative regarding public sector agency choice of policy instruments.

The Political Appraisal of Employment Policies

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rose
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTBecause employment is a problem of public policy, it involves elected politicians as well as economists designing policy instruments. The political appraisal of economic policies is necessary and often decisive in the selection of government policies. It first considers what we mean by saying that employment is a public policy problem. Secondly, it considers two attributes for appraising policies: political desirability, and economic effectiveness. In the third section alternative models of choice in conditions of uncertainty are presented, depending upon whether or not there is consensus among politicians about political desirability, and whether or not there is consensus among economists about the effectiveness of a policy. The concluding section considers conditions for integrating political and economic appraisals in government decision making.

Career Guidance: Living on the Edge of Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCarthy ◽  
Tibor Bors Borbély-Pecze
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Education And Employment

Public policy formation and implementation for career guidance provision are complex issues, not least because in most countries career guidance is a peripheral part of legislation for education, employment, and social inclusion. Policy solutions are compromises by nature. Regulations and economic incentives are the main policy instruments for career guidance provision, but there is often incoherence between the intentions of the regulations and the economic incentives provided for policy implementation. The intermediary organizations that serve to implement policy add significant variability to policy effects. International bodies and organizations have shown significant interest in the role of career guidance in education and employment policies through the undertaking of policy reviews, the formulation of recommendations for career guidance, and, in some cases, providing economic incentives to support their implementation. However, there is a dearth of evaluation studies of policy formation and implementation at the national level.

Ethics and Public Policy

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
George J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this course is to introduce a new framework linking the humanities to public policy analysis as pursued in the government and the academy. Current efforts to link the particular contributions from the humanities to problems of public policy choice are often narrow either in terms of their perspective on the humanities or in terms of their selection of the possible means of influencing policy choice. Sometimes a single text from one of the humanities disciplines is selected to apply to a particular issue. At other times, arguments about the ethical dimensions of a single policy issue often are pursued with a single — or sometimes, no — point of access to the policy process in mind.

scholarly journals Sustainable Consumer Tax Evasion Theory under Information Inattention

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Bodo Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Financial Penalty ◽  
Public Policy Debate

This article studies the renewed interest surrounding sustainable public finance and the topic of tax evasion as well as the new theory of information inattention. Extending a model of tax evasion with the notion of inattention reveals novel findings about policy instruments that can be used to mitigate tax evasion. We show that the attention parameters regarding tax rates, financial penalty schemes and income levels are as important as the level of the detection probability and the financial penalty incurred. Thus, our theory recommends the enhancement of sustainability in public policy, particularly in tax policy. Consequently, the paper contributes both to the academic and public policy debate.

Overview of the Patient Perspective at OMERACT 10 — Conceptualizing Methods for Developing Patient-Reported Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. KIRWAN ◽  
PETER S. TUGWELL
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Patient Perspective ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Instrument Selection ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Choice Of Instruments ◽  
The Way

This overview draws out the main conclusions from the 4 workshops focused on incorporating the patient perspective into outcome assessment at the 10th Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT 10) conference. They raised methodological issues about the choice of outcome domains to include in clinical trials, the development or choice of instruments to measure these domains, and the way these instruments might capture the impact of a disease and its treatment. The need to develop a more rigorous conceptual model of quantifying the way conditions affect health, and the need to ensure patients are directly involved in the decisions about domains and instruments, emerged clearly. The OMERACT participants voted to develop guidelines for domain and instrument selection, and conceptual and experimental work will be brought forward to revise and upgrade the OMERACT Filter.

Instruments of Government: Perceptions and Contexts

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Linder ◽  
B. Guy Peters
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Organizational Setting ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Instrument Choice ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Policy Style ◽  
Government Provision

ABSTRACTGovernment uses a wide variety of instruments to reach its policy goals, ranging from indirect methods, such as moral suasion and cash inducements, to more direct ones involving government provision of services. Although there has been a fair amount of writing on the nature and use of various policy instruments, there is very little work on either the meaning ascribed to these instruments by the decisionmakers who use them (or the experts who design them) or the processes by which some come to be favored over others. Characteristics of the political system, such as national policy style, the organizational setting of the decisionmaker, and the problem situation are all likely to have some influence over the choice of instruments. The relative impact of these variables, however, is likely to be mediated by subjective factors linked to cognition. Perceptions of the proper ‘tool to do the job’ intervenes between context and choice in a complex way. Efforts to account for variation in instrument choice, then, must focus not only on macro level variables but on micro ones as well.

Creation and Returns of Social Capital. A new Research Program

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Henk Flap
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relational Resources ◽  
New Research ◽  
Recent Theoretical Development

A recent theoretical development within the social sciences has been the emergence of the social capital research program. This is a program on relational resources, their creation, use. and effects. It took shape first within sociology and anthropology, nowadays it is also growing in popularity within political sciences and economics.

scholarly journals Exhibition Development in Auckland Libraries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy Mark Greenslade
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Exhibition Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Physical Layout ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Throughout New Zealand’s public library sector, librarians, particularly those responsible for special collections, maintain and create exhibitions. They aim to reflect the depth and richness of our history, cultural heritage and society. Due to the immeasurable value of cultural heritage, it needs to be presented effectively, not only for aesthetic and preservation purposes, but also for the betterment of society. Therefore the objective of this study is to explore how exhibition principles are being applied to exhibition development and presentation in Auckland Libraries. This study will not only focus on the principles behind physical layout of the exhibitions, and selection of objects on display, it will also attempt to place exhibition design into a wider context. It will do this by exploring how library exhibitions reflect public policy, and how exhibition designers perceive their social and cultural responsibilities as representatives of public libraries. Herein lies the value of the proposed study; it will allow better informed practices by exploring the use of exhibition design principles, and the application of public policy in public.</p>

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