Counter-Insurgency and Conscience: A British View

Itinerario ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Nigel de Lee

This article will take the British counter-insurgency campaigns in Palestine during the years 1936–1948 as a main focus of interest. This is because these campaigns presented those involved with complex ethical issues and intractable moral dilemmas. A variety of sources has been consulted; particular attention has been paid to collective memories and reflections recorded in regimental histories, and to individual recollections obtained from interviews with veterans.

Author(s):  
Spencer P. Greenhalgh

Today's students face a wide range of complex moral dilemmas, and games have the potential to represent these dilemmas, thereby supporting formal ethics education. The potential of digital games to contribute in this way is being increasingly recognized, but the author argues that those interested in the convergence of games, ethics, and education should more fully consider analog games (i.e., games without a digital component). This argument draws from a qualitative study that focused on the use of an analog roleplaying game in an undergraduate activity that explored ethical issues related to politics, society, and culture. The results of this study are examined through an educational technology lens, which suggests that games (like other educational resources) afford and constrain learning and teaching in certain ways. These results demonstrate that this game afforded and constrained ethics education in both ways similar to digital games and ways unique to analog games.


1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Linn

In the search for their moral identity, Israeli soldiers seem to have turned to their collective memories for guidance (Shapira, 1971, Young, 1989). This paper focused on this search among objecting reserve soldiers during the Intifada. It showed that Holocaust symbols and metaphors were being used as a frame of reference against which one's moral confusion was judged (Linn, 1991). As noted by Young (1989) “What is remembered of the Holocaust depends on how it is remembered, and how events are remembered depends in turn on the text now giving them form” (p. 1) The Intifada seems to create this text. The memories of the Holocaust, seem to provide the Israeli reserve soldier who is also the reader and the actor of and in this text, new psychological tools to assert his moral self.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237796081983389
Author(s):  
Darcy Copeland

Moral dilemmas are present in all settings in which nurses work. Nurses are moral agents who must make moral decisions and take moral action in very complex social systems. Nurses are accountable for their actions, and it is therefore imperative that they have a solid foundation in ethics. There are multiple ethical frameworks nurses can utilize to justify their actions. A theory of moral ecology is presented here as a way to conceptualize the relationships between these frameworks. The first two steps of moral action, moral sensitivity and moral judgment, are explored in a pluralistic context. Specifically, multiple ethical frameworks that inform the practice of nursing are presented using an ecological model. Nurses work in a variety of practice environments, with different populations, across a spectrum of situations. An ecological model acknowledges that nurses are influenced by the complex social, and ethical, systems in which they find themselves taking moral action. When faced with ethical issues in practice, a nurse's moral sensitivity and moral judgment may be guided by ethical systems most proximal to the situation. Nurses bring individual moral beliefs to work and are influenced by the ethical directives of employers, the discipline's code of ethics, principles of bioethics, and various approaches to normative ethics (virtue, consequential, deontological, and care). Any of the frameworks presented may justifiably be applied in various nursing circumstances. I propose that the multiple ethical frameworks nurses utilize exist in a relationally nested manner and a model of moral ecology in nursing is provided.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ariel Arguelles ◽  
John McCaskill

Public health issues can have devastating consequences on sub-groups of societies. But larger moral issues that face the entire society frequently frame these issues. Our deepest held moral values are frequently in conflict, and cannot withstand careful scrutiny, so we shield them by making them moral imperatives. This is how humans find themselves in moral dilemmas; torn regarding the right thing to do because we are unable to sacrifice sacred values that are in conflict (Tessman 2017).In this paper, we examine the ethical issues that have been inserted into the funding efforts taken to combat Zika in 2016, with some of the ethical dilemmas scientists and physicians have found themselves in through recent history serving as a comparison. We then examine the parallels (and inconsistencies) of public judgment passed on the choices made by these individuals and how these same stark judgments may be influencing public health outcomes today. The primary tool we use throughout this analysis is the “Ethics Triangle” as described by James Svara (2015). The goal of the paper is to examine how our sacred values can become ethical traps (or dilemmas) in moral decision-making. Basically, how do we minimize the moral remainder?


2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Elisa Buzzi

Il complesso fenomeno del doping presenta notevoli problemi di definizione. Queste difficoltà, che hanno influenzato l’evoluzione delle politiche anti-doping, sono ulteriormente acuite dall’assenza di una cornice etica chiaramente definita, in grado di giustificare inequivocabilmente le azioni di contrasto intraprese dalle agenzie sportive a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo. Ai problemi di interpretazione del doping nelle sue forme tradizionali si sono aggiunte, da qualche decennio, le questioni relative al doping genetico. Il contributo analizza le diverse tipologie di tecnologia genetica, potenzialmente utilizzabili per un miglioramento della prestazione atletica, nella prospettiva di una valutazione etica. Oltre ai problemi medici, legali e morali del doping tradizionale, il doping genetico pone dilemmi etici inediti che rischiano di rendere le risposte dell’etica sportiva e delle politiche anti-doping, se non inefficaci, per lo meno inadeguate e anacronistiche. Nonostante la difficoltà di prevedere l’impatto che le tecnologie genetiche potranno avere sul mondo dello sport, la prospettiva del doping genetico, non diversamente da altre forme di doping, ma più radicalmente, pone due tipi di questioni. In primo luogo, costringe a ripensare alla natura e alle finalità dello sport e delle competizioni atletiche come espressioni dell’eccellenza umana. In secondo luogo, solleva questioni fondamentali circa la definizione dell’identità e della dignità umane nella civiltà tecnologica. ---------- Interpreting doping is fraught with difficulties at the very level of a comprehensive and consistent definition of the phenomenon. Such difficulties have influenced the evolution of anti-doping policies, that are further hindered by the lack of a clearly articulated ethical framework. Moreover, in the last few decades, a host of moral dilemmas has been arising in connection with gene doping. This article analyses different kinds of genetic technology that could enhance athletic performances in the light of their moral implications. In addition to the medical, legal, and ethical problems inherent in traditional doping, gene doping raises a whole range of new ethical issues that might render the current formulations of sport ethics and anti-doping policies, if not ineffectual, at least inadequate and anachronistic. Notwithstanding the difficulties in foreseeing how developments in genetic technology might impact the world of sport in the future, the perspective of gene doping radicalises two kinds of issues, that are not stranger to other forms of doping. Firstly, it leads to reconsider the nature and goals of sport as an expression of human excellency, and secondly, it raises fundamental questions about the definition of human identity and dignity in a technological civilization.


Author(s):  
Yunzhang LIU ◽  
Jinping ZHAO ◽  
Jia XIE

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.構建中國生命倫理學基本原則所秉持的根本方法應是整合。筆者認為,莊子的生命哲學思想與比徹姆 (Tom L. Beauchamp) 和丘卓斯(James F. Childress) 的生命倫理四原則從不同的角度,為這種整合提供了理論資源。莊子的生命哲學內涵豐富,關注生命本身、關注生命的平等和關注生命存在的本真價值與意義;秉持生是適時,死是順應的自然主義生死觀;追求超越世俗的自由“逍遙”的生存狀態;重視“養生”、“可以盡年”,實踐無慾無為的養生觀;主張“以天地為棺槨”,反對“厚葬”的陋習等等,這些都具有積極意義。這些思想歸結起來就是要“和諧”。和諧是自然萬物的存在秩序,是人的身心健康的根本保障,也是我們在構建中國生命倫理學基本原則時所需要把握的核心價值。而比徹姆和丘卓斯的生命倫理四原則從醫療衞生事業的發展與醫療實踐的角度為我們提供了更清晰、更明確去解決生命倫理問題的原則指導。在此基礎上構建起來的中國生命倫理學基本原則是以“和諧”為中心的體現,在多領域中的原則總體,包括人與自然領域的“和諧生態”原則、人與社會領域的“和諧社會”原則、人與自身領域的“和諧人格”原則、人與醫學領域的“和諧醫學”原則等。運用這些基本原則指導人們的現實倫理生活,規範、分析和解決人們現實生活中存在的種種生命倫理問題,推進社會文明的進步與人類自我價值的提升。The four-principles approach to bioethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress in Principles of Biomedical Ethics is no doubt the most well known and influential example in the West of principle-based approaches to resolve ethical issues. The four principles are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. This essay explores whether the four principles can be considered a universal core of morality that can be used in China to deal with current bioethical issues. It argues that although the four principles provide general guidelines, their implementation is much more complex. This essay attempts to show that Daoist thought, particularly Zhuangzi’s philosophy of life and death, conveys a certain sense of bioethics and carries profound moral implications that can overcome some of the limitations of principle-based ethics. The synthesis of the two traditions may help contemporary China to deal with various kinds of moral dilemmas. The Daoist notion of the interconnection among human beings and between human beings and nature challenges the Western idea of individualism and individual autonomy.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 553 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Cassana Mello Yasin ◽  
Edison Luiz Devos Barlem ◽  
Jamila Geri Tomaschewski Barlem ◽  
Gustavo Baade de Andrade ◽  
Rosemary Silva da Silveira ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the elements of moral sensitivity held by nurses working in a medical clinic unit. Method: this exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach addressed 18 nurses from a medical clinic of a university hospital located in southern Brazil using semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using discursive textual analysis. Results: data were structured into six categories: relational orientation; experiencing moral dilemmas; following rules; benevolent motivation; structuring moral meaning; and autonomy. These categories enabled the identification of important elements of moral sensitivity, such as acknowledging the ethical dimension of one’s attitudes, acknowledging the uniqueness of each patient, dealing with conflict between workers and patients and/or their companions, adapting to the workplace, empathy, dialogue, clinical decision-making, meeting the needs of patients, understanding patients’ health condition, respect, welcoming patients’ desires and providing guidance that concerns patients’ requests and refusals. Conclusion: the elements of moral sensitivity identified in this study contribute to support nurses when making clinical decisions, especially when facing ethical issues arising in a medical clinic setting.


2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Charles Lowery

Purpose Public interests and concerns often create dilemmas for school principals. As such moral dilemmas are the case for schools as places marked by social, economic, cultural and political diversity. The purpose of this paper is to look at how Appalachian school leaders use moral literacy to make decisions when facing ethical issues? Design/methodology/approach The data for this study emerged from interviews conducted with ten principals. The principals interviewed represent a purposeful sample of practitioners within the Appalachian region of Southern Ohio, using group characteristic sampling. Findings Principals’ responses varied in their depth of familiarity and comfort with moral literacy. The abductive analysis yielded several thematic units, classified using both emergent patterns and a priori codes. The overarching themes that emerged from this analysis concerned what an ethical dilemma is, what it means to be a morally literate leader, moral dimensions of leadership, and the value integration of doing ethics and being ethical. Research limitations/implications This study relies strictly on the participants’ personal conceptualization of moral literacy and the ethical paradigms it presupposes. As a qualitative study, the findings are based primarily on the participants’ perception of and the researcher’s interpretation of the complexities and ambiguities in reading ethical dilemmas. Practical implications To effectively accomplish the moral work of the principalship requires that school leaders be morally literate, understanding the integrated nature of ethical paradigms. Originality/value The findings of this study continue to disclose the manner in which practicing principals define what an ethical dilemma is and moves us closer to understanding how practitioners frame moral literacy within their practice yet outside of exposure to clearly defined theoretical frameworks.


1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kendrick ◽  
Bev Cubbin

Intensive care units are challenging and technologically advanced environments. Dealing with situations that have an ethical dimension is an intrinsic part of working in such a milieu. When a moral dilemma emerges, it can cause anxiety and unease for all staff involved with it. Theoretical and abstract papers reveal that having to confront situations of ethical difficulty is a contributory factor to levels of poor morale and burnout among critical care staff. Despite this, there is a surprising dearth of published nursing research in the UK that investigates how staff deal with ethical issues in intensive care units. The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the development of a research framework designed to explore how staff deal with moral dilemmas in a British inten sive care unit.


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