Influence of Chlorhexidine in Ethanol and in Isopropanol on the Bacterial Colonization of the Umbilicus of Newborns

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nyström ◽  
S. Bygdeman ◽  
A. Henningsson ◽  
R. Tunell ◽  
U. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups

AbstractThe effect of daily treatment with 0.5% Chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol and in 70% isopropanol, respectively, on navel colonization and on rates of infection in newborns has been studied in 438 infants in two maternity wards during a 3-month period. In spite of isopropanol being reported as a more efficient skin disinfectant than ethanol in several experimental models, no significant differences were seen in the frequency of navel colonization or in infection rates between the two treatment groups. The colonization rate with S. aureus was lower in this than in an earlier investigation on navel disinfection with Chlorhexidine in ethanol performed in the same wards. This may reflect a progressive effectiveness of the treatment due to fewer S. aureus sources in the nursery. For practical reasons we continue to recommend daily navel disinfection with 0.5% Chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol on healthy newborns in hospital nurseries.

Mechanism Involved in Fortification by Berberine in CDDP-Induced Nephrotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin K. Verma ◽  
Salma Malik ◽  
Ekta Mutneja ◽  
Anil K. Sahu ◽  
Kumari Rupashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has been shown to protect against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in various experimental models. Aim: To check the effect of Ber on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the involved mechanism. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, cisplatin-control, treatment groups and per se group. Normal saline and Ber (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to rats for 10 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected on 7th day to induced nephrotoxicity. On 10th day, rats were sacrificed, the kidney was removed and stored for the estimation of various parameters. Results: As compared to cisplatin-control group, Ber pretreatment improved renal function system and preserved renal architecture. It also diminished oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 proteins. In addition, Ber attenuated the cisplatin mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it also reduced the phosphorylation of p38/JNK and PARP/Beclin-1 expression in the kidney. Conclusion: Ber attenuated renal injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting JNK/p38MAPKs/ PARP/Beclin-1 expression which prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in renal tissue.

scholarly journals Immune Responses and Protection against Experimental Brucella suis Biovar 1 Challenge in Nonvaccinated or B. abortus Strain RB51-Vaccinated Cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1891-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen ◽  
S. G. Hennager
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Brucella Suis ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Assay

ABSTRACT Twenty Hereford heifers approximately 9 months of age were vaccinated with saline (control) or 2 × 1010 CFU of the Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine. Immunologic responses after inoculation demonstrated significantly greater (P < 0.05) antibody and proliferative responses to RB51 antigens in cattle vaccinated with RB51 than in the controls. Pregnant cattle received a conjunctival challenge at approximately 6 months of gestation with 107 CFU of B. suis bv. 1 strains isolated from naturally infected cattle. The fluorescence polarization assay and the buffered acid plate agglutination test had the highest sensitivities in detecting B. suis-infected cattle between 2 and 12 weeks after experimental infection. Serologic responses and lymphocyte proliferative responses to B. suis antigens did not differ between control and RB51 vaccinees after experimental infection. No abortions occurred in cattle in either treatment group after challenge, although there appeared to be an increased incidence of retained placenta after parturition in both the control and the RB51 vaccination treatment groups. Our data suggest that the mammary gland is a preferred site for B. suis localization in cattle. Vaccination with RB51 did not reduce B. suis infection rates in maternal or fetal tissues. In conclusion, although B. suis is unlikely to cause abortions and fetal losses in cattle, our data suggest that RB51 vaccination will not protect cattle against B. suis infection after exposure.

Clinically Asymptomatic Patients Show a High Bacterial Colonization Rate of Osteosynthetic Implants Around the Knee but Not the Hip

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fuchs ◽  
Sabrina Kinzel ◽  
Clemens Gwinner ◽  
Carsten Perka ◽  
Nora Renz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIPARKINSONIAN ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF VIGNA ACONITIFOLIA IN WISTAR ALBINO RAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
SUSHMITA SINGH ◽  
IMTIYAZ ANSARI
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vigna aconitifolia (HEVA) in Wistar albino rat. Methods: In rats, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (4 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (4 mg/kg) and HEVA at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes. Assay of dopamine and catalase was also carried out to assess biochemical parameters. Results: Bromocriptine and HEVA-treated groups showed a significant difference in behavioral and biochemical parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in the experimental models. Conclusion: Vigna aconitifolia seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigations of Surface Treated Large-Bore Catheters Used for Extracorporeal Detoxification Methods

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bambauer ◽  
R. Schiel ◽  
P. Mestres ◽  
P. Sioshansi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Typical complications caused by surface properties of synthetic catheter implants are infection, thrombosis, and stenosis. New methods for surface modification with the aim of reducing such complications are ion beam-based technologies. In our study 109 large-bore catheters without (n = 42) and with treated surfaces with silver (n = 39) or silicone (n = 28) were inserted into the interna jugular and the subclavian veins and were used for extracorporeal detoxification methods. After removal, the catheters were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and for bacterial colonization. In 42 large-bore catheters without surface treatment deposits of fibrin, protein and blood cells were seen on the inner and outer surface. Bacterial colonization was observed In 38.1%. In contrast, the catheters with treated outer surfaces showed a very low thrombogenecity and a low contamination rate of 8.9%. The ion beam-based technologies reduce the thrombogenicity and infection rates of the catheter surfaces. In comparison to catheters without treated surfaces, catheters with surface treatment are good alternatives in blood contacting applications ranging from hemodialysis to oncology

scholarly journals Chlorhexidine Gluconate Dressings Reduce Bacterial Colonization Rates in Epidural and Peripheral Regional Catheters

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kerwat ◽  
Leopold Eberhart ◽  
Martina Kerwat ◽  
Dominik Hörth ◽  
Hinnerk Wulf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Routine Clinical Setting ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Colonization Rates

Introduction. Bacterial colonization of catheter tips is common in regional anesthesia and is a suspected risk factor for infectious complications. This is the first study evaluating the effect of CHG-impregnated dressings on bacterial colonization of regional anesthesia catheters in a routine clinical setting.Methods. In this prospective study, regional anesthesia catheter infection rates were examined in two groups of patients with epidural and peripheral regional catheters. In the first group, regional anesthesia was dressed with a conventional draping. The second group of patients underwent catheter dressing using a CHG-impregnated draping. Removed catheters and the insertion sites were both screened for bacterial colonization.Results. A total of 337 catheters from 308 patients were analysed. There was no significant reduction of local infections in either epidural or peripheral regional anesthesia catheters in both CHG and conventional groups. In the conventional group, 21% of the catheter tips and 41% of the insertion sites showed positive culture results. In the CHG-group, however, only 3% of the catheter tips and 8% of the insertion sites were colonised.Conclusion. CHG dressings significantly reduce bacterial colonization of the tip and the insertion site of epidural and peripheral regional catheters. However, no reductions in rates of local infections were seen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biofilm colonization on multi-part dental implants in a rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Blank ◽  
Jasmin Grischke ◽  
Andreas Winkel ◽  
Joerg Eberhard ◽  
Nadine Kommerein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are highly prevalent biofilm-associated diseases affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants. As antibiotic treatment is ineffective to fully cure biofilm mediated infections, antimicrobial modifications of implants to reduce or prevent bacterial colonization are called for. Preclinical in vivo evaluation of the functionality of new or modified implant materials concerning bacterial colonization and peri-implant health is needed to allow progress in this research field. For this purpose reliable animal models are needed. Methods Custom made endosseous dental implants were installed in female Sprague Dawley rats following a newly established three-step implantation procedure. After healing of the bone and soft tissue, the animals were assigned to two groups. Group A received a continuous antibiotic treatment for 7 weeks, while group B was repeatedly orally inoculated with human-derived strains of Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis for six weeks, followed by 1 week without inoculation. At the end of the experiment, implantation sites were clinically assessed and biofilm colonization was quantified via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilm samples were tested for presence of the administered bacteria via PCR analysis. Results The inner part of the custom made implant screw could be identified as a site of reliable biofilm formation in vivo. S. oralis and F. nucleatum were detectable only in the biofilm samples from group B animals. P. gingivalis was not detectable in samples from either group. Quantification of the biofilm volume on the implant material revealed no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Clinical inspection of implants in group B animals showed signs of mild to moderate peri-implant mucositis (4 out of 6) whereas the mucosa of group A animals appeared healthy (8/8). The difference in the mucosa health status between the treatment groups was statistically significant (p = 0.015). Conclusions We developed a new rodent model for the preclinical evaluation of dental implant materials with a special focus on the early biofilm colonization including human-derived oral bacteria. Reliable biofilm quantification on the implant surface and the symptoms of peri-implant mucositis of the bacterially inoculated animals will serve as a readout for experimental evaluation of biofilm-reducing modifications of implant materials.

scholarly journals Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Analysis of Infection Rates from the Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Programme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L Winthrop ◽  
Edward V Loftus Jr ◽  
Daniel C Baumgart ◽  
Walter Reinisch ◽  
Chudy I Nduaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Maintenance Study

Abstract Background and Aims Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We report integrated analyses of infections in the Phase [P]2 and P3 OCTAVE programmes. Methods Three cohorts were analysed: Induction [P2/3 induction studies]; Maintenance [P3 maintenance study]; and Overall [all tofacitinib-treated patients in induction, maintenance or ongoing, open-label, long-term extension studies; as of May 2019]. Proportions and incidence rates [IRs; unique patients with events/100 patient-years] of serious infections [SIs], herpes zoster [HZ] [non-serious and serious] and opportunistic infections [OIs] are reported [censored at time of event]. Results In the Induction Cohort [N=1220], no patients receiving placebo and eight [0.9%] receiving tofacitinib 10mg twice daily [BID] developed SIs. Maintenance Cohort [N=592] SI IRs [95% CI] were 1.94 [0.23–7.00] for placebo, and 1.35 [0.16–4.87] and 0.64 [0.02–3.54] for tofacitinib 5 and 10mg BID, respectively; HZ IRs were 0.97 [0.02–5.42], 2.05 [0.42–6.00] and 6.64 [3.19–12.22], respectively. In the Overall Cohort [N=1157; 82.9% predominantly received tofacitinib 10mg BID], SI, HZ and non-HZ OI IRs were 1.70 [1.24–2.27], 3.48 [2.79–4.30] and 0.15 [0.04–0.38], respectively. No SIs resulted in death. Conclusions During induction, SIs were more frequent with tofacitinib versus placebo. SIs were generally infrequent in the Maintenance and Overall Cohorts, with rates comparable between treatment groups. Maintenance Cohort HZ IR was numerically higher with tofacitinib 10 versus 5mg BID. Overall Cohort HZ IRs remained stable over time. Non-HZ OIs and viral infections were rare.

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