scholarly journals Reconstructing labor income shares in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, 1870-2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewout Frankema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Income ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThe labor income share in national income is a good indicator of the extent to which the working classes are able to reap the fruits of economic growth or, conversely, bear the burden of economic stagnation. This paper aims to reconstruct the labor income share of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico in a three-sector framework, including the rural, the urban formal and the urban informal sectors. We find that in all three countries the share of labor earnings peaked in the middle of the 20th century. Fluctuations in the Brazilian and Mexican labor income shares were large, with a sharp decline in the post-1961 and post-1976 periods, respectively. In Argentina, the labor income shares tended to be more constant at levels around 50 per cent, testifying to a more stable and egalitarian distribution of income.

scholarly journals Can Reducing Income Inequality Decouple Economic Growth from CO2 Emissions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311877271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Alexander McGee ◽  
Patrick Trent Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
National Income ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

In the past two decades, income inequality has steadily increased in most developed nations. During this same period, the growth rate of CO2 emissions has declined in many developed nations, cumulating to a recent period of decoupling between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The aim of the present study is to advance research on socioeconomic drivers of CO2 emissions by assessing how the distribution of income affects the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The authors find that from 1985 to 2011, rising income inequality leads to a tighter coupling between economic growth and CO2 emissions in developed nations. Additionally, the authors find that increases in the top 20 percent of income earners’ share of national income have resulted in a larger association between economic growth and CO2 emissions, while increases in the bottom 20 percent of income earners’ share of national income reduced the association between economic growth and CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Simplified Distributional National Accounts

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Thomas Piketty ◽  
Emmanuel Saez ◽  
Gabriel Zucman
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Income Groups

This paper develops a simplified methodology to distribute total national income across income groups that reproduces closely the sophisticated methodology of Piketty, Saez, and Zucman (2018). It starts from top income share series based on fiscal income of Piketty and Saez (2003) and makes two basic assumptions on how national income components not included in fiscal income are distributed: (1) nontaxable labor income and capital income from pension funds are distributed like taxable labor income; (2) other nontaxable capital income is distributed like taxable capital income. This methodology could be applied to countries with less data.

scholarly journals A PERVERSA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE RENDA VIA SISTEMA TRIBUTÁRIO

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Flávia Rebecca Fernandes Rocha ◽  
Epitácio Macário
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
National Income ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Primary Surplus ◽  
Distribution Of Income

O Estado brasileiro possui expressiva arrecadação tributária, baseada, fundamentalmente, em impostos que incidem sobre o consumo de bens e serviços. Assim, o artigo evidencia, através de dados, que isto a torna regressiva e injusta ao abarcar ricos e pobres nas mesmas proporções, ao passo que a tributação sobre o capital especulativo e o patrimônio, que poderia intervir fortemente na distribuição de renda, inexiste ou é muito tímida. Ressalta, também, que de forma mediada, a carga tributária de um país espelha a correlação de forças das classes em disputa e que, no caso brasileiro, tem reforçado e propulsionado a perversa concentração da renda nacional, o que aliado aos esforços de formação de superávit primário resulta em prejuízos à implementação orçamentária para financiamento e custeio de políticas públicas. Constata, por fim, que o castigo recai duplamente sobre as camadas trabalhadoras, seja pelo pagamento de impostos de consumo seja pela ausência de políticas públicas à altura das necessidades de uma sociedade dilacerada por desigualdades.Palavras-chave: Carga tributária; orçamento; concentração de rendaTHE PERVERSE CONCENTRATION OF INCOME THROUGH TAX SYSTEMAbstract: The Brazilian state has a significant tax revenues based primarily on taxes on the consumption of goods andservices. Thus, the article shows, that it makes it regressive and unfair to encompass rich and poor in the same proportions,while the taxation of speculative capital and assets that could intervene heavily in the distribution of income does not exist oris very shy . Also highlights that, in mediated form, the tax burden of a country reflects the correlation of class forces indispute and, in Brazil, has strengthened and propelled the perverse concentration of national income, which allied efforts to train primary surplus results in damage to budget funding for implementation and funding of public policies. At last, it showsthat, the double punishment falls on the working classes is the payment of excise taxes is the absence of public policies tomatch the needs of a society riven by inequality.Keywords: Tax burden, budget, concentration of income.

Amiya Kumar Bagchi. The Political Economy of Underdevelopment. London: Cambridge University Press. 1982. Reprint 1983. pp.viii+276. List of books for further reading; Index. Price: £ 8.50 (paperback edition).

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Zia Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Third World

Amiya Kumar Bagchi, an eminent economist of the modern Cambridge tradition, has produced a timely treatise, in a condensed form, on the development problems of the Third World countries. The author's general thesis is that economic development in the developing societies necessarily requires a radical transformation in the economic, social and political structures. As economic development is actually a social process, economic growth should not be narrowly defined as the growth of the stock of rich capitalists. Neither can their savings be equated to capital formation whose impact on income will presumably 'trickle down' to the working classes. Economic growth strategies must not aim at creating rich elites, because, according to the author, "maximizing the surplus in the hands of the rich in the Third World is not, however, necessarily a way of maximizing the rate of growth".

scholarly journals A Cross-Country Measurement of the EU Bioeconomy: An Input–Output Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Kutay Cingiz ◽  
Hugo Gonzalez-Hermoso ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Justus H. H. Wesseler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Union Member ◽  
National Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu

This paper measures the development of the national income share of the bioeconomy for 28 European Union Member States (MS) and 16 industries of BioMonitor scope from 2005 to 2015. The paper proposes a model which includes the up- and downstream linkages using Input-Output tables. The results show that for the majority of the MS the value added of the up- and downstream sector is at the band of 40%–50% of the total bioeconomy value added and has on average increased since the financial crisis.

scholarly journals Extreme Inequality: Evidence from Brazil, India, the Middle East, and South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Assouad ◽  
Lucas Chancel ◽  
Marc Morgan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Middle East ◽  
National Income ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper presents new findings about inequality dynamics in Brazil, India, the Middle East, and South Africa from the World Inequality Database (WID.world). We combine tax data, household surveys, and national accounts in a systematic manner to produce estimates of the distribution of income, using concepts coherent with macroeconomic national accounts. We document an extreme level of inequality in these regions, with top 10 percent income shares above 50 percent of national income. These societies are characterized by a dual social structure, with an extremely rich group at the top, whose income levels are broadly comparable to their counterparts in high-income countries, and a much poorer mass of the population below top groups. We discuss the diversity of regional contexts and highlight two explanations for the levels observed: the historical legacy of social segregation and modern economic institutions and policies.

How to Boost the Payoff from Innovation While Shrinking its Destructive Side Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-840
Author(s):  
Robert J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Income Share ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Deaths Of Despair

Gather a group of economists together and ask what most concerns them, and a wide variety of topics would soon emerge: slowing economic growth in the rich nations, the inability of many poor nations to converge toward the rich, rising income and wealth inequality, the increasing dominance of superstar firms, growing profit margins and the decline in labor's income share, globalization and the human costs of outsourcing, deaths of despair, and the threat of climate change. Decade after decade, numerous books have been written about each of these issues. But here we have in one compact package a blockbuster book that deals with all of them.

Social environment for activating economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
L. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Government

The article analyses the present state of Russian society in the context of overcoming economic stagnation and activating the mechanism of economic growth. The author examines the possibility of mobilizing human capital; social attitudes and their dynamics; the institutional structure of Russian society, implicating the principles of solidarity and coordination of interests within the framework of various voluntary unions and associations.  The analysis allows the author to define the social conditions for the activation of economic growth as complex, ambiguous and requiring a significant adjustment of social policy. At the same time, there are certain manifestations of Russian society’s interest in self-development, consolidation, and more active socio-economic transformations. The social demand for progressive sustainable economic development being obvious, the government will be able to launch economic growth by shifting from a policy of social protection to a policy of social development, with adequate goodwill and flexibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document