RAILWAY NATIONALISM AND «RAILWAY IMPERIALISM» IN COLOMBIA AND THE ECONOMIC DECLINE OF SANTANDER, 1907–1918

Author(s):  
Andrew Thomas Primmer

ABSTRACT This article explores the development of railway nationalism and «railway imperialism» within Colombian politics during the early 20th century. It uses the experience of the hitherto unstudied Great Northern Central Railway of Colombia British «free-standing company» as a lens to evaluate the way in which these political currents impacted railway development in the Colombian department of Santander. It argues that the rise of railway nationalism intertwined with regionalism and personal interests represents an important and unacknowledged factor in the collapse of the British company, as well as the overall lack of railway expansion and subsequent economic decline in the department.

Sincronía ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol XXV (80) ◽  
pp. 160-175
Author(s):  
Celeste Florencia Ramirez ◽  

In the present work, in the light of the reading of the philosopher Santiago Castro-Gómez, we will try to elucidate his theory about the coloniality of power and the way in which such a device codified the bodies according to the discourse of blood cleansing. So, first, we will briefly develop two different types of theories about power: on the one hand, the theory of the coloniality of power, presented by the Peruvian sociologist Aníbal Quijano; on the other hand, the analytics of power, developed by Michel Foucault. Both theories, which seem incommensurable, are put into dialogue by our philosopher. In the second part of our work, we will prepare to present the practices and modus operandi corresponding to the coloniality of power to manifest its uniqueness in comparison to other types of powers. Likewise, we will show how a certain sector of the population, in an attempt to consolidate their family and personal interests, used these practices to limit corporality. Third, and by way of conclusion, we will make a brief sketch about the link between the coloniality of power and the political practices of current Colombia.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McGuire

This paper provides an overview of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) and contextualizes them within the broader trends of open, informal and mobile learning. It then discuss Phonar Nation, a free, open, non-credit five-week photography course that was offered twice in 2014 using mobile media to reach youth from 12-18 years of age. The author argues that Phonar Nation highlights several related developments that are leading to positive innovations in education. Firstly, it is not only open access but also uses and produces Creative Commons-licensed content that is open to be shared. Secondly, it is collaborative in the way that it is taught and in the way that participants are encouraged to engage with one another through social media sites. Thirdly, Phonar Nation exemplifies an approach that advocates call “Connected Learning”, which is socially embedded, driven by personal interests, and oriented to further educational and economic opportunities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Marshall

How much do the majority of people value music, and can or should that level of value be reflected in music’s economic value? The dramatic decline in the economic value of recorded popular music in the 21st century has prompted much debate about music being ‘devalued’ and the perceived ‘value gap’ between music’s socio-cultural and economic values. Using the economic decline of recorded music as a springboard, this article takes a different approach, however. It offers a theoretical analysis of popular music consumption practices organised thematically in terms of ‘music as object’ (focusing on the social values generated and perceived by recorded music artefacts) and ‘music as sound’ (focusing on the way that most contemporary musical experiences are characterised by music being background sound or accompaniment). Overall, the argument is that ‘music’ may not be as culturally valued by people as is commonly assumed. The way that music operates as a low-value entity to many people is perhaps reflected in the cultural and economic contours of the digital music industry, though they are not caused by digitisation per se.


Author(s):  
Gregor Gall

For four reasons, it is important to examine the person, personal life and personal interests of Crow. First, the personal was very political with him. He made it this way so it was not entirely a product of media manufacture. That is to say, the way he lived his life often epitomized what he was about and what he stood for. Second, the media did use aspects of his personal life to attack him with in order to undermine him. As became well known, he was defiant and unapologetic in response. Third, it is important to have some idea of the private person behind the public figure given that his personality was such an important part of what made him up. Fourth and related to this, his ability to get on and work with people in order to exert influence in the RMT, the wider union movement and the radical left was very much helped by his personality. Consequently, this chapter examines his personal traits (self-confidence, humour, temperament, workaholic) as well as his interests and lifestyle (holidays, housing, hobbies).


2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bommarito
Keyword(s):  
The One ◽  

This chapter addresses Buddhism's view on emptiness. Some Buddhists say that everything is empty. To say that things are empty is not to say they do not exist at all. Rather, it is saying that they do not exist in the way that they seem to, as free-standing and independent entities. Moreover, saying that everything is empty is not like saying that everything is red or round. It is saying that everything lacks an independent self-nature. Such a nature just is not there. When we take seriously the idea that everything is empty, we will start to wonder if this also applies to emptiness itself. For some Buddhists, the answer is no; emptiness itself is the one and only thing that is what it is all the time, without relying on anything else. But for other Buddhists that accept emptiness, emptiness itself also lacks any independent self-essence. The truth that everything exists only relationally is itself only relational. Emptiness is itself empty.


Author(s):  
John C. Cavadini

This chapter offers an overview of patristic theory and practice of both figurative and literal exegesis, as well as of the relationship between them. It argues that for the fathers of the Church, the literal sense of Scripture was not a free-standing independent sense, but was intrinsically related to, and ordered towards, the figurative or spiritual sense(s). Since that is true, the literal sense of Scripture cannot be fully appreciated apart from an understanding of the spiritual or figurative sense(s), and, since this aspect of patristic exegesis is the one perhaps most foreign to contemporary exegetical sensibilities, the chapter spends the majority of its time demonstrating from patristic texts what is meant by the figurative or spiritual sense of Scripture. This then paves the way for a treatment of the literal sense and its relationship to the figurative sense as it has been presented in the earlier part of the chapter.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall E. Newnham

In early 2010, the ‘Orange Revolution’ in the Ukraine came to an end. The pro-Western President, Viktor Yushchenko, was replaced by the pro-Russian Viktor Yanukovych. This paper argues that Russian energy sanctions helped pave the way for Yanukovych's election. The Kremlin undermined the Ukrainian economy by exploiting the country's dependence on Russian oil and gas, imposing harsh price increases and financial terms and even cutting off supplies in 2006 and 2009. In the end, I argue, these measures fit the ‘classic model’ of economic sanctions: impose pain until the population turns against its government and removes it. Uniquely, however, this paper links sanctions to the long-standing literature on elections in the U.S. and other democracies which shows how economic decline influences voting behavior. A certain level of sanctions may cause a predictable change in election outcomes in the targeted state. This opens, I believe, an important new potential avenue in research on sanctions.


Author(s):  
M. Hornbostel ◽  
F.J. DiSalvo ◽  
S. Hillyard ◽  
J. Silcox

LiMo3Se3 is a highly anisotropic conductor containing 6Å diameter one dimensional chains of Mo3Se3 triangles. This compound can be dissolved in polar solvents to produce solutions containing micron length Mo3Se3 fibers. Choice of solvent and solution concentrations allows some control of fiber diameters, from a few hundred angstroms down to the molecular limit of a single 6Å diameter chain. These fibers have been deposited from solution on holey carbon substrates by vacuum evaporation of the solvent to produce free-standing, one dimensional wires.High resolution microscopy at 100kV was carried out in a VG HB501A STEM and confirms the presence of many different sized bundles extending all the way down to the single strands. Figure 1a shows an ADF image of a medium sized strand which commonly occured in a sample prepared with the solvent propylene carbonate. The flexibility of the fiber and its seeming attraction to the edges of carbon holes is apparent as it snakes its way along the surface.


2021 ◽  
pp. 174165902110537
Author(s):  
Louise Tanya Wattis

The true crime genre has become synonymous with the serial killer. As such, other narratives dealing with different types of violent criminal subjects have been overlooked in academic and media analyses. The following article explores a subgenre of true crime which has been overlooked—the life story of the violent criminal or “hardman biography.” However, in acknowledging the hardman, the discussion also reveals his presence across fact/fiction boundaries and a range of cultural terrain. Following a discussion of the cultural space this figure occupies, I turn my attention to hardman stories which exist predominantly in the local imaginary and focus on one such text which tells the story of a violent protagonist and cultures of crime and violence in the North of England in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In so doing, I focus on how this text animates cultures of violence and marginality left in the wake of deindustrialization and economic decline, combining this with relevant theoretical and ethnographic work. I conclude by arguing that the text is a further example of the way in which popular criminology can complement and advance academic criminological understandings of crime and violence.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Maria Yackelin Diaz Rodriguez

La investigación sigue un enfoque cualitativo, documental. Su objetivo fue analizar desde el campo teórico la bioética como la transformación que ha dado paso de la sociedad tradicional a la sociedad moderna. Resultado muestra cómo ha implicado grandes cambios en la forma en que las personas perciben la vida, y en la forma como actúan conforme a sus intereses. Se ha dejado de lado la vida en sociedad, las reglas y principios éticos y morales que rigen la convivencia y que establecen límites para instaurar un orden social. El ser humano moderno es individualista, sus intereses personales son lo único importante, niega su responsabilidad frente a los problemas sociales y se preocupa sólo por él mismo, dejando a un lado lo que sucede en el entorno.Ante este panorama surge la bioética, como una disciplina que representa las relaciones en la vida en sociedad y solidaridad, y que abarca aspectos de la convivencia y supervivencia. Se concluye que su objetivo supera la delimitación de los valores éticos que deben conformar la cultura en la sociedad moderna, y crear un orden social que le permita a cada individuo adaptarse a la globalización.Palabras clave: sociedad, tradicional, moderna, bioética, ética, valores, culturaAbstractThe research follows a qualitative, documentary approach. Its objective was to analyze from the theoretical field bioethics as the transformation that has given way of the traditional society to the modern society. The result shows how great changes have occurred in the way people perceive life, and in the way they act according to their interests. Life in society, ethical and moral rules and principles that govern coexistence and set limits to establish a social order have been left out. The modern human being is individualistic, his personal interests are the only important thing, he denies his responsibility to social problems and he cares only for himself, leaving aside what happens in the environment.Given this panorama, bioethics emerges as a discipline that represents relationships in life in society and solidarity, and which covers aspects of coexistence and survival. It is concluded that its objective is to delimit the ethical values that must shape culture in modern society, and create a social order that allows everyone to adapt to globalization.______________________________________________________ Keywords: Society, traditional, modern, bioethics, ethics, values, cultureResumoA pesquisa continua um enfoque qualitativo, documental. Su objetivo era analizar do campo teórico da bioética como a transformação que é dado passo da sociedade tradicional da sociedade moderna. Resultado indicando como implicado grandes mudanças na forma em que as pessoas perciben a vida, e na forma como agir em conformidade com os argumentos. Se ha dejado de lado a vida em sociedade, as regras e princípios éticos e morales que rigen a convivência e a definição de limites para instaurar un orden social. O ser humano moderno é individualista, sus interesses pessoais, seja o único importante, não é uma responsabilidade para os problemas sociais e se preocupa só por ele mesmo, deixando um lado ao que está sucedendo no entorno.Ante este panorama surge la bioética, como uma disciplina que representa as relações na vida em sociedade e solidariedade, e que abarca aspectos da convivência e supervivencia. Se conclude que su objetivo supera a delimitação dos valores éticos que devem conformar a cultura na sociedade moderna, e crie uma orden social que permita um cada individuo adaptado à globalização. ______________________________________________________ Palavras-chave: sociedade, tradicional, moderna, bioética, ética, valores, cultura


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