scholarly journals XXVIII.—Notes on the Discoveries of Roman Remains which have taken place at various times in London

Archaeologia ◽  
1864 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
William Tite
Keyword(s):  
Real Character ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The City

Whatsoever may have been the real character of the Edifices of Roman London —that most unsettled and open question—it seems to be an indisputable fact, that there must have been within the city many dwellings in which were to be found ornamental pavements, varying in character and beauty, perfection and intention—no less than in the difference of the localities in which they have been brought to light. There was once in the history of the metropolis, a wonderful opportunity for ascertaining what Genuine Reliques of Londinium really existed in London: but at that unparalleled time the exigency of rebuilding a ruined city was so pressing, and the taste and understanding for antiquities so exceedingly limited and low, that almost nothing was done in respect of their discovery, their record, or their preservation. In all these particulars Dr. Woodward, John Strype, Thomas Hearne, and John Bagford, were Antiquaries incomparably in advance of their age; notwithstanding all the want of knowledge and the countless mistakes which may be charged upon them by their successors, whom they have really instructed.

scholarly journals Exploring the Synergies between Urban Overheating and Heatwaves (HWs) in Western Sydney

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Saeed Khan ◽  
Riccardo Paolini ◽  
Mattheos Santamouris ◽  
Peter Caccetta
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Advective Flux ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Business District ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The City ◽  
Synoptic Circulation

There is no consensus regarding the change of magnitude of urban overheating during HW periods, and possible interactions between the two phenomena are still an open question, despite the increasing frequency and impacts of Heatwaves (HW). The purpose of this study is to explore the interactions between urban overheating and HWs in Sydney, which is under the influence of two synoptic circulation systems. For this purpose, a detailed analysis has been performed for the city of Sydney, while considering an urban (Observatory Hill), in the Central Business District (CBD), and a non-urban station in Western Sydney (Penrith Lakes). Summer 2017 was considered as a study period, and HW and Non-Heatwave (NHW) periods were identified to explore the interactions between urban overheating and HWs. A strong link was observed between urban overheating and HWs, and the difference between the peak average urban overheating magnitude during HWs and NHWs was around 8 °C. Additionally, the daytime urban overheating effect was more pronounced during the HWs when compared to nighttime. The advective flux was found as the most important interaction between urban overheating and HWs, in addition to the sensible and latent heat fluxes.

Al-Kindī's Commentary on Archimedes' ‘The Measurement of the Circle’

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshdi Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Real Character ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Editio Princeps ◽  
The Relationship

The author examines the relationship between mathematics and philosophy in the works of al-Kindī, and suggests that the real character of his contribution will become clear only when we restore to mathematics their proper role in his philosophy. The recently discovered treatise of al-Kindī on the approximation of π, of which the author gives the editio princeps here, throws important new light on al-Kindī's knowledge of mathematics, and on the history of the transmission of The Measurement of the Circle of Archimedes. The author shows that al-Kindī's commentary on the third proposition of the Measurement of the Circle was written before 857, at the same time if not before that of the Banū Mūsā, and that it was one of the sources of the Florence Versions, the Latin commentary on the same proposition.

The Savilian professors’ houses and Halley’s observatory at Oxford

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The One ◽  
John Wallis ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The City ◽  
Regius Professor ◽  
Western Wall

For close on two hundred years, from the late-seventeenth till the mid-nineteenth century, the two houses in New College Lane which stand in the immediate approaches of the College were closely connected with a succession of distinguished scientists—among them John Wallis, Edmund Halley and James Bradley. The houses, with two others further west, occupy the area between the western wall of the cloisters of New College and Hell Passage, the whole length of which formed part of the original endowment of the College, though separated from the street by a narrow strip of ground which until 1850 belonged to the City. On this New College freehold there stood in late medieval times a building known as Stable Hall. In 1560 this tenement was leased to Thomas Nele and Henry Edmonds on the condition that they should ‘nue builde and repaire the said house called Stable Hall,’ the College allowing them sufficient timber, laths and boards for the purpose. Whether this was the beginning of the architectural history of the two houses with which this paper is concerned is an open question. On the one hand, it is clear from a note in the New College Lease Book, made when Nele obtained a new lease fourteen years later, that he had engaged in building by that time. Formerly a Fellow o f New College, he is said, on being appointed Regius Professor of Hebrew, to have ‘entered himself a commoner at Hart Hall and built little lodgings opposite thereunto, joining to the West End of New Coll. Cloister, wherein he lived several years’. On the other hand, Agas’s map of 1578 appears to show a house too hard against the cloister wall to be even the easternmost of the houses that we have today.

scholarly journals Des angles et des contours dans História do Cerco de Lisboa (une lecture parmi tant d'autres)

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Armando Aguilar de León
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Real ◽  
Principal Character ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Meteorological Phenomenon ◽  
Historical World

This paper analyzes the narrative structure and the literary elements that give Saramago’s novel its postmodern features, focusing in the plot and its uchronic perspective in order to appreciate the sci-fi dimension that the historical events take through the narrative. Our discussion examines the action of the principal character, Raymundo Silva, who proofreads a historical work titled The History of the Siege of Lisbon and decides to deny an important fact: "the crusaders did (not) help the Portuguese forces against the Moorish army". Added to the historical work, this não ("not", in portuguese) produces a disruption over the ‘real’ temporary line. In consequence, the city of Lisbon, at the centre of a meteorological phenomenon, slides in between the medieval siege and contemporary life. Thus, the historical subject resorts to a science fiction procedure: uchrony. Two intradiegetic symbols -the circle and the deleatur- represent the two overlapped universes; the circle refers to the historical world and the deleatur symbolizes the uchronic universe. Therefore, História do cerco de Lisboa is not a sci-fi work, but a postmodern historiographical metafiction.

scholarly journals Kędzierzyn-Koźle – dziedzictwo przeszłości w kulturze miasta przemysłowego na pograniczu etniczno-kulturowym

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Edward Nycz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Functioning ◽  
The City

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – The Heritage of the Past in the Culture of the Industrial City Functioning in the Ethnic and Cultural Frontier The article draws attention to the issues of symbolic functioning of the city which was formed of two different entities as a result of political and economic decisions. In the 20th century, the history of a traditional city got entwined with a modernistic industrial city which was taking shape. As a result, ideologies and politics impacted on the newly-established conurbation. The city denotes not only the material sphere, but also its urban community, which, in the case of the places under study, was basically historically complicated. The method of description is the ‘culturalistic’ orientation in the study of the city and also the (emotional) sociology of Silesia of the Rev. Emil Szramek. The author’s reflections touch upon ideas, facts as well as the real city’s organism shaped in its longterm and short-term perspective.

scholarly journals Patterns of origin, formation and spatial movement of the center of Saint-Petersburg in the 1703-1730s

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 04028
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Yuri Pukharenko
Keyword(s):  
City Center ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
The Real ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

On the basis of numerous archival and published materials and data, project ideas and the real history of the formation and development of the historical center of Saint-Petersburg on the Gorodskoy Island (in 1703-1720), Vasilyevsky Island (in 1721-1730) and on the Admiralteyskaya side (since the 1730s) are considered as stages of gradual crystallization of various spatial concepts of the capital’s development. The structure of the city center that changed over time is revealed. The results of the study: a fairly clear correspondence is shown between the stages of development of spatial and structural ideas and the transfer of the capital’s center to new territories, depending on changes in the state’s prestigious landmarks.

The Significance of the Missions of Cyril and Methodius

Slavic Review ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Dvornik
Keyword(s):  
Real Character ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The eleven-hundredth anniversary of the arrival of a Byzantine Mission in Moravia (863) revived the interest of Slavic historians and philologists in the history of SS. Cyril and Methodius and served to reopen discussions concerning the significance of their activity in Moravia for the development of the Slavs.It was widely believed that their mission had a profoundly religious character—the conversion of the Moravian pagans to Christianity. This interpretation is not quite correct. The words which the author of Cyril’s biography lets the Moravian ruler Rastislav address to the Emperor Michael should make us cautious about the real character of the Byzantine mission in Moravia. Rastislav is supposed to have declared that his people had already rejected paganism and were observing Christian rules. Some saw in this declaration an exaggeration and attributed it to Rastislav or to the biographer. Recent archaeological discoveries made in Moravia, however, confirm the correctness of Rastislav’s declaration. Thus far the foundations of sixteen stone churches have been discovered, and at least five of them were erected before the arrival of the Byzantine mission.

scholarly journals Inspection problems of rural stone churches

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Igorevna Cherkasova ◽  
Aleksandr Glebovich Paushkin ◽  
German Valer’evich Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Churches ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Emergency Condition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The authors describe the reasons for the destruction and the difficult process of restoring old stone churches built before 1917. The article notes the difference between these processes in the village and in the city. In the villages a large number of churches are in emergency condition, but continue to be operated as intended, i.e. for divine service. The article gives the classification of the causes for the destruction process of old rural churches. At the present time old temples usually destruct due to the lack of timely rehabilitation works. Recovery is hindered by the high cost of a comprehensive inspection and restoration. The work can be greatly reduced if the goal is not restoration, but conservation and prevention of an emergency condition. The authors come to the conclusion that the survey of rural churches as opposed to urban ones has the main goals: to determine the state category, to provide space in which the religious services may be held, for example, in the summer, and to provide materials for preservation of the part of the building, the operation of which is impossible. The problems of preservation of the architectural decor and restoration of items are not considered in such an inspection. Such a survey can be called “Express survey”. Express survey is conducted for a short time with a small group of specialists. The examination includes visual examination, thorough photographic images, study of the geological history of the area, interviews with the residents, description of the defects, which reduce the reliability of the building, recommendations for the strengthening of structures, conservation and monitoring frequencies. The works on measurement and determination of the strength of materials must be minimized. For more efficient operation, it is proposed to amend the regulations or create a separate document in addition to the known norms regulating the work using a rapid survey.

scholarly journals A Unique Manuscript of the Shibanid Epoch from the Fund of the Center of the Written Heritage of Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Lola N. Dodkhudoeva
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Political History ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

The article introduces the results of a preliminary study of the unique work, the Manaqib al-khulafa (The Virtues/Excellences of the Caliphs) compiled by Qawam ad-Din Muhammad al-Husaini alSanaujiradi al-Ziyaratgahi al-Harawi in 997/1588. This is a response to the protest message of the Shiites of Herat, who survived the siege and capture of the city by the Sunnis the Shibanid troops. The Manaqib recreates the early stages of the history of Islam before the split caused by the difference in the understanding of principles of the supreme political power (elective or hereditary) transfer and reveals the virtues of the four righteous caliphs. Fragments of the Quran and hadiths cited in the treatise present irrefutable evidence of the Sunnis superiority over Shiism. The treatise is an excellent example of polemical literature of bitter ideological struggle between two orthodoxies Sunni and Shiite and contains valuable information on the religious and political history of Eurasia in the premodern period.

Re-Enlistment Patterns of Civil War Soldiers

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
John Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social History ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Pennsylvania ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Civil War Soldiers

The results of a demographic profile of age, occupation, and prewar residence of western Pennsylvania soldiers—created from enlistment and muster rolls, and examined at enlistment, at the end of 1863, and after re-enlistment—when placed within the context of individual soldiers' letters and the social history of western Pennsylvania, show that soldiers with rural backgrounds and poor occupations re-enlisted at higher rates than soldiers with urban backgrounds and better occupations. The reason for the difference lies in the greater opportunities available to civilians in the city.

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