meteorological phenomenon
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2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Fernande Krier

Abstract Every day, we are confronted with meteorology, the scientific study of the atmospheric phenomena and their variations. The purpose of this article is to analyze the meteorological events in three languages, Luxemburgish and two other official languages of Luxembourg, French and German. First, we make a detailed inventory of verbs and verbal phrases which we found. Next, they are explained and commented; while there are seventeen items in French and German, there are eighteen in Luxem-burgish; so, the meteorological experiences are organized rather homogeneously. Then we deal with the lexicological specifications. In French, we discover the lightness of the meteorological phenomenon; it is followed by examples of atmospheric disturbances, which exist in German and Luxemburgish, too. A special focus of the article is put on the presentation of metaphorical expressions. Finally, we put the question if two meteorological events can appear at the same time.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Giménez-García ◽  
Víctor Ruiz-Álvarez ◽  
Ramón García-Marín

Abstract. In recent years, flooding has become one of the main natural disasters which poses the greatest risk, impact and bearing on the coastal areas of southeast peninsular Spain. Traditionally, the analysis of torrential precipitation events that cause floods has been predominant in the assessment of the factors that lead to this type of catastrophe. At present, despite considering this meteorological phenomenon as the trigger of river overflows, responsibility corresponding to the human factor in the perpetration of the risk of a natural disaster should not be forgotten. This study will ascertain the influence of urban and real estate development in increasing exposure to floods. In this sense, the pluviometric observations obtained in different precipitation events have been counted, mapped and analysed. Likewise, the evolution and development of the real estate portfolio is examined. The information obtained has been crossed with the digital cartography of flooded areas (National System of Flood Zones Cartography, SNCZI in spanish acronym). The main finding of the study shows that there seems to be unquestionable evidence to attribute a good part of the existing risk to the territorial transformation and to the continuous process of artificialization of the soil recently carried out.


Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Hongwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Qichao Wang ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang He ◽  
...  

Low-level wind shear is usually to be a rapidly changing meteorological phenomenon that cannot be ignored in aviation security service by affecting the air speed of landing and take-off aircrafts. The lidar team in Ocean University of China (OUC) carried out the long term particular researches on the low-level wind shear identification and regional wind shear inducement search at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) from 2015 to 2020 by operating several pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) systems. On account of the improved glide path scanning strategy and virtual multiple wind anemometers based on the rang height indicator (RHI) modes, the small-scale meteorological phenomenon along the glide path and/or runway center line direction can be captured. In this paper, the device configuration, scanning strategies, and results of the observation data are proposed. The algorithms to identify the low-level wind shear based on the reconstructed headwind profiles data have been tested and proved based on the lidar data obtained from December 2018 to January 2019. High spatial resolution observation data at vertical direction are utilized to study the regional wind shear inducement at the 36L end of BCIA under strong northwest wind conditions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-543
Author(s):  
J.M. Senciales-González ◽  
J. Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
P. Smith

The main aim of this research was to detect a possible urban heat island (UHI) in the tourist city of Málaga (Spain). To achieve this goal, different methods to validate annual and monthly temperature data have been used, and the internal variability of the UHI with respect to the topographical changes was also surveyed. Our results showed two types of atmospheric thermal gradients: one characterized by a positive gradient according to an elevation above sea level, and another with a negative gradient related to rural areas. The maximum impact of the UHI was found to be 9.1 ºC for an instantaneous event, 4.4 ºC for daily minimum temperatures in August, with a maximum weighted average difference of 2.3 ºC between data from urban and rural stations. We conclude that the detection of UHI is useful as a tool to help urban planners, in order to reduce the intensity of possible climate changes in cities. It is also concluded that UHI is not only a meteorological phenomenon in Málaga city but a climatic phenomenon, present during most days and across the transect of increasing intensity from the sea to the city.


Author(s):  
E.S. Sergeeva ◽  
N.A. Kalinin

Currently, interest to alternative methods of the analysis and forecasting of dangerous meteorological phenomena has considerably increased due to the low density of the observational network, which is insufficient to provide all users with necessary information in a timely and qualitative way. A general analysis of precipitation characteristics for the period from 2004 to 2016 was conducted during the work. The favorable synoptic conditions for heavy rains precipitation have been identified; their dependence on the altitude was discovered. The aim of this research is to analyze the incidence of heavy rains in the Perm region and to assess instability indexes, which are calculated for specific cases of this phenomenon. For this goal, 5 indices (LI, VT, CN, TT, K) were selected. Their values were calculated in terms of heavy rains based on reanalysis data. It was found that the average settings, which were obtained during the calculation, are slightly lower than the values calculated for other regions and given in previously published researches of this field of science. It means that it is necessary to establish specific indices criteria for the Perm region. Developing of convection and heavy rain in Perm region can be expected when the values of instability indices are near to the calculated values, at which at least 90 % of the total number of cases of the studied meteorological phenomenon occurred. A larger sample should be used to calculate the instability indices for analysis and forecast of heavy rains in practice.


Author(s):  
Emily D. Lenhardt ◽  
Rachel N. Cross ◽  
Makenzie J. Krocak ◽  
Joseph T. Ripberger ◽  
Sean R. Ernst ◽  
...  

One of the challenges when communicating forecast information to the public is properly contextualizing uncertainty. No forecast is ever certain, as no meteorological phenomenon is guaranteed to occur. As such, the uncertainty in forecast information should be communicated in a way that makes sense to end users. Previous studies of the communication of probabilistic information suggest that, although the general public are more apt to communicate uncertainty with words of estimative probability (WEPs), they prefer to receive uncertainty information numerically. Other work has suggested that a combination of numbers and WEPs is the best method for communicating probability, but fewer research studies have assessed the communication and interpretation of probabilistic meteorological information. In this study, we code 8900 tweets from the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) and analyze them to find how forecasters communicate probabilistic forecast information to the public via Twitter. This analysis reveals that WFO messaging is dominated by WEPs, with few numerical descriptions of probability. These WEPs are generally vague, unqualified notions of probability that may impede the public’s ability to interpret the information that forecasters are trying to communicate. Based on this analysis, two publicly fielded surveys also are analyzed in order to understand how participants tend to interpret the most common qualified and unqualified WEPs that WFOs used on Twitter. Though participants generally interpret qualified WEPs more consistently than unqualified WEPs, both categories featured a wide range of interpretations that suggest both types of WEPs are vaguely defined for the general public.


2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 109355
Author(s):  
Karolina Gębka ◽  
Magdalena Bełdowska ◽  
Dominika Saniewska ◽  
Ewa Korejwo ◽  
Michał Saniewski

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Élodie Dupey García

This article explores how the Nahua of late Postclassic Mesoamerica (1200–1521 CE) created living and material embodiments of their wind god constructed on the basis of sensory experiences that shaped their conception of this divinized meteorological phenomenon. In this process, they employed chromatic and design devices, based on a wide range of natural elements, to add several layers of meaning to the human, painted, and sculpted supports dressed in the god’s insignia. Through a comparative examination of pre-Columbian visual production—especially codices and sculptures—historical sources mainly written in Nahuatl during the viceregal period, and ethnographic data on indigenous communities in modern Mexico, my analysis targets the body paint and shell jewelry of the anthropomorphic “images” of the wind god, along with the Feathered Serpent and the monkey-inspired embodiments of the deity. This study identifies the centrality of other human senses beyond sight in the conception of the wind god and the making of its earthly manifestations. Constructing these deity “images” was tantamount to creating the wind because they were intended to be visual replicas of the wind’s natural behavior. At the same time, they referred to the identity and agency of the wind god in myths and rituals.


2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (624) ◽  
pp. 3154-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Jia ◽  
Hyejin Ku

Abstract This paper studies the impact of air pollution spillover from China to South Korea. To isolate the effects of cross-border pollution spillover from that of locally generated pollution, we exploit within-South Korea and over-time variation in the incidence of Asian dust—a meteorological phenomenon exogenous to district–time cells in South Korea—together with temporal variations in China's air quality. We find that conditional on being exposed to Asian dust, increased pollution in China leads to increased mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in South Korean districts, with the most vulnerable being the elderly and children under five.


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