Reproductive performance during early pregnancy in cattle with contrasting early pregnancy rates

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
W.H McMillan ◽  
A J. Peterson ◽  
S.F. Cox ◽  
S.J. Pearson ◽  
M.J. Donnison
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Establishment Phase

AbstractCauses of variation amongst cattle within a herd in their ability to initiate and maintain pregnancy are largely unknown. An experimental animal resource has recently been established to understand the biology of early reproductive performance. This paper summarises the results achieved during the establishment phase and from several experiments aimed at determining the physiological basis of the difference between sub-herds of contrasting pregnancy rates on Day 60. Each of 155 contemporary yearling heifers received 2 in vitro-produced embryos on 6 separate occasions during a 26-month period. Sixty days after transfer, pregnancy and twinning rates were determined ultrasonically, pregnancies terminated and the process repeated. The interval between successive transfers was greater than 100 days. Heifers were ranked on their aggregate pregnancy rate performance after 6 rounds of transfer, and the highest (High) and lowest (Low) 25 were retained. Differences in reproductive performance during the establishment phase of the herd are reported. In addition, several subsequent experiments examined ovarian follicle turnover and progesterone levels during an oestrous cycle, early embryo development after either AI or embryo transfer, and protein, interferon tau and ubiquitin-cross-reactive protein levels in uterine luminal flushings.Pregnancy rates were 7-folder higher in the High sub-herd (76 vs. 11%), with much of this difference apparent by Day 25. The proportion of heifers observed in standing oestrus prior to embryo transfer and the interval from the end of synchronisation treatment to the onset of oestrus were similar in the sub-herds. Oestrous cycle length, ovarian follicular dynamics and progesterone profiles during the oestrous cycle were also similar. More conceptuses had elongated by Day 14 in the High sub-herd (67 vs. 14%, P<0.05), which also tended to have a higher pregnancy rate after artificial insemination (52 vs. 29, P<0.1). Total protein in flushings from the uterus was similar in the sub-herds on Day 14 and Day 17. Conceptuses in the High sub-herd were longer on Day 17 following embryo transfer (6.5 vs. 4.8, P<0.05). Interferon-tau levels were higher in the High sub-herd (25.9 vs. 16.1, P<0.01), although ubiquitin cross-reactive protein levels were also higher in the High sub-herd, but this difference just failed to reach significance. We conclude that: 1. Most of the difference in sub-herd pregnancy rate occurs within 3 weeks of ET; 2. Ovarian factors are unlikely to contribute to the difference; 3. Major differences occur after blastocyst hatching and probably depend upon a differing endometrial environment before Day 14; 4. Differences in the ability of the uterine milieu to stimulate the expression of interferon-tau may be responsible for the differences in pregnancy rate; 5. The two sub-herds are a unique experimental resource for understanding early pregnancy in cattle following either AI or ET.

Production of interferon by red deer (Cervus elaphus) conceptuses and the effects of roIFN-tau on the timing of luteolysis and the success of asynchronous embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Demmers ◽  
HN Jabbour ◽  
DW Deakin ◽  
AP Flint
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Recombinant Interferon ◽  
Uterine Flushing ◽  
Calving Rate

The role of interferon in early pregnancy in red deer was investigated by (a) measuring production of interferon by the conceptus, (b) testing the anti-luteolytic effect of recombinant interferon-tau in non-pregnant hinds, and (c) treatment of hinds with interferon after asynchronous embryo transfer. Blastocysts were collected from 34 hinds by uterine flushing 14 (n = 2), 16 (n = 2), 18 (n = 8), 20 (n = 13) or 22 (n = 9) days after synchronization of oestrus with progesterone withdrawal. Interferon anti-viral activity was detectable in uterine flushings from day 16 to day 22, and increased with duration of gestation (P < 0.01) and developmental stage (P < 0.01). When interferon-tau was administered daily between day 14 and day 20 to non-pregnant hinds to mimic natural blastocyst production, luteolysis was delayed by a dose of 0.2 mg day(-1) (27.3 +/- 1.3 days after synchronization, n = 4 versus 21 +/- 0 days in control hinds, n = 3; P < 0.05). Interferon-tau was administered to hinds after asynchronous embryo transfer to determine whether it protects the conceptus against early pregnancy loss. Embryos (n = 24) collected on day 6 from naturally mated, superovulated donors (n = 15) were transferred into synchronized recipients on day 10 or day 11. Interferon-tau treatment (0.2 mg daily from day 14 to 20) increased calving rate from 0 to 64% in all recipients (0/11 versus 7/11, P < 0.005), and from 0 to 67% in day 10 recipients (0/8 versus 6/9, P < 0.01). The increased success rate of asynchronous embryo transfer after interferon-tau treatment in cervids may be of benefit where mismatched embryo-maternal signalling leads to failure in the establishment of pregnancy.

scholarly journals C-reactive protein levels in early pregnancy, fetal growth patterns, and the risk for neonatal complications: the Generation R Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 132.e1-132.e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesina D.S. Ernst ◽  
Layla L. de Jonge ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Jan Lindemans ◽  
Henk Russcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Neonatal Complications ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

scholarly journals A STUDY TO ASSESS PREDICTIVE ROLE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN EARLY PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeti Mahla ◽  
Mukesh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
The Difference

Background: To Assess Predictive Role of C-Reactive Protein In Early Pregnancy among Women Methods: Hospital based comparative analysis was conducted on Women with early pregnancy upto 14 weeks with either abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding or suspected extrauterine pregnancy. C-reactive protein (CRP) quantitative estimation is done by turbi-diametric method. Collected samples were sent to a designated lab of our hospital. Results: The mean c-reactive protein level in cases 2.31 with min-max value ranging from 0.80-3.91mg/dl while in controls mean c-reactive protein value came to be 9.12 with min-max range from 3.21-24.16 mg/dl. The difference between the two groups is significant as p value is less than 0.001. Conclusion: Our results of significantly increased CRP levels in normal pregnancy and a clear association between CRP and normal pregnancy, support the clinical application of this diagnostic tool in early pregnancy, especially as a predictor of abnormal first trimester pregnancies. Keywords: CRP, Pregnancy, Women

scholarly journals Early Pregnancy in the Ewe: Effects of Oestradiol and Progesterone on Uterine Metabolism and on Embryo Survival

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Miller ◽  
NW Moore ◽  
Leigh Murphy ◽  
GM Stone
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The hormonal regulation of embryo development during early pregnancy in the ewe has been examined. Ovariectomized ewes received injections of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) according to schedules designed to simulate endogenous ovarian secretion during the luteal phase of the previous oestrous cycle (priming P), around the time of oestrus (oestrous E2 ) and during early pregnancy (maintenance P, maintenance E2)' Embryos were transferred to the ewes on the 4th day after induced oestrus, and ewes were killed at 6 or 13 days after transfer to assess embryo development. Cytosol concentrations of oestradiol 'and progesterone receptors and RNA and protein metabolism in the endometrium and amounts of protein in uterine flushings were examined on the day of embryo transfer and 6 days after transfer.

54 Altrenogest supplementation during early pregnancy improves swine embryonic development

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
B. Muro ◽  
R. Carnevale ◽  
M. Mendonça ◽  
D. Leal ◽  
M. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Implantation Period

Progesterone (P4) is of paramount importance in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy for mammals. Progesterone stimulates the endometrial secretion of several molecules involved in conceptus growth and development during the peri-implantation period. Indeed, several studies involving ruminants have reported that exogenous P4 supplementation is related to increased early embryo development, higher levels of interferon tau, and improved pregnancy rate. However, there is a lack of information about P4 supplementation during early pregnancy regarding swine embryonic development. Additionally, some of the few studies involving pigs have shown an impaired pregnancy rate when supplementation was performed before Day 6 of pregnancy. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of progesterone/progestin supplementation from Day 6 of pregnancy on total number of embryos (TE), pregnancy rate (PR), embryo development, and maternal serum 17β-oestradiol concentration (17β-E). A total of 31 crossbred, 2 to 6 parity sows were used. All sows were inseminated every 24h through the first oestrus following a 21-day lactation, and ovulation was detected by transrectal real-time ultrasound to determine Day 0 of pregnancy. On Day 6 of pregnancy, animals were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: CON (n=11), non-supplemented sows; RU (n=11), sows supplemented daily with 20mg of Altrenogest-Regumate® from Day 6 to 12 of pregnancy; and PG (n=9), sows supplemented with 2.15 mg/kg of long-acting P4 IM on Day 6 of pregnancy. Sows were treated with altrenogest p.o. as a top dressing over a small portion of feed. Blood samples were collected from 12 sows (4 per group) on Day 12 of pregnancy to measure the level of plasma 17β-E by radioimmunoassay. Sows were slaughtered on Day 28 of pregnancy. The uterus from each sow was collected and embryos were counted to determine TE. Embryos were individually separated from their placentas, weighed, and crown-to-rump length was determined. Data were analysed by the SAS program. All variables were analysed by PROC-MIXED t-test. Statistical difference was considered when P&lt;0.05. The PR did not differ among groups (91, 90, and 88%, for CON, RU, and PG, respectively; P&gt;0.05). No difference was observed among groups for TE and 17β-E level (P&gt;0.05). However, embryonic weight and crown-to-rump length differed among the 3 groups (P&lt;0.001). The RU-treated sows had heavier and bigger embryos when compared with the other groups. In contrast, PG-treated sows had the lowest averages for the same variables (weight: 1.39±0.01, 1.46±0.02, and 1.22±0.01; crown-to-rump: 21.07±0.08, 21.61±0.11, and 20.66±0.11; for CON, RU, and PG, respectively). In conclusion, altrenogest supplementation from Day 6 to 12 of pregnancy increases size and weight of porcine embryos, whereas 2.15mg kg−1 of long-acting P4 on Day 6 of pregnancy decreased these variables when compared with non-supplemented sows. Research was supported by FAPESP Grant 2017/00290-0.

scholarly journals Optimal Duration of Progesterone Treatment before Cryopreserved-Thawed Embryo Transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suat Suphan Ersahin ◽  
Aynur Ersahin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Optimal Duration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Thawed Embryo Transfer

Objective: To investigate the optimal duration of progesterone therapy before cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer and its impact on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Methods: Five hundreds women undergoing cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer were included in the study. These patients had a total of 500 embryos frozen on day 3 (n = 200), day 4 (n = 100), day 5 (n = 150) and day 6 (n = 50). Artificial endometrial preparation was successfully performed in all participants. If the endometrial thickness reached a minimum of 8 mm or in the presence of a triple-line view, the patients were divided into four different groups and each group into two subgroups according to the estimated duration of progesterone treatment to be used. Group 1 (n = 200): This group consisted of patients with day 3 embryo transfer. While 100 of 200 patients received embryo transfer after 3 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 100 patients received embryo transfer after 4 days of progesterone treatment. Group 2 (n = 100): This group consisted of patients who underwent day 4 embryo transfer. While 50 of 100 patients had embryo transfer after 4 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 50 patients received embryo transfer after 5 days of progesterone treatment. Group 3 (n = 150): This group consisted of patients who received day 5 embryo transfer. While 75 of 150 patients received embryo transfer after 5 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 75 patients received embryo transfer after 6 days of progesterone treatment. Group 4 (n = 50): While 25 of 50 patients received embryo transfer after 6 days of progesterone treatment, the remaining 25 patients received embryo transfer after 7 days of progesterone treatment. The primary outcome measure of our study was to evaluate clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR), live birth rate (LBR) and miscarriage rate per pregnancy. Results: Clinical pregnancy rates were found in 50 of 100 (50%) cases who were given progesterone for 3 days. Of the 100 cases who were given progesterone for 4 days, 40 clinical pregnancy was detected (40%). Both OPR and LBR were found to be significantly lower in patients who received 4 days of progesterone treatment compared to those given 3 days. The rates of miscarraige (9.09%) in patients who received progesterone treatment for 4 days were significantly higher than those who received progesterone for 3 days (5.8%). In Group 2 both OPR and LBR were found to be significantly lower in patients who received 5 days of progesterone treatment compared to those given 4 days. The rate of miscarraige (25.0%) was significantly higher in patients who received progesterone treatment for 5 days compared to those who received progesterone for 4 days (33.3%). When 75 patients in group III who underwent embryo transfer on the fifth day and received progesterone treatment for 5 days and 75 patients who were given progesterone treatment for 6 days were evaluated in terms of CPR, OPR and LBR the difference was statistically significant between the two gruops. When patients in group IV were evaluated in terms of CPR, OPR and LBR the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Extending the progestereone usage period one day before embryo transfer has been found beneficial in patients who have been transferred for only fifth day.

scholarly journals The Association between changes in C reactive protein and pregnancy rate in IVF/ICSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Bahaa Aldin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Written Informed Consent ◽  
High Chance

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between changes in C reactive protein and pregnancy rate in IVF/ICSI. Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study that was conducted in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Infertility Clinic during period time from September 2018 to September 2020. A total of 100 infertile women who were candidate for IVF/ICSI, over a period of 2 years, beginning in September 2018 were recruited to the study after they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants gave written informed consent and approval for the ethical aspects of the study. Results: This study showed no statistically significant differences according to clinical pregnancy regarding the sociodemographic data as BMI, duration of infertility and type of infertility and regarding Oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, also no significant differences according to clinical pregnancy regarding CRP at baseline and at Oocyte pickup as well as CRP change at oocyte pickup. But age was significantly lower in cases with clinical pregnancy and CRP at embryo transfer and CRP change at embryo transfer were significantly higher in cases with positive pregnancy. Conclusion: Finally, we concluded that patients whose CRP level decreased on transfer day, had lower chance of pregnancy, whereas patients whose CRP level elevated on embryo transfer day had high chance of pregnancy

scholarly journals Reproductive Parameters of Native Sows in Selected Area of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
MA Motaleb ◽  
MK Chowdhury ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
JU Ahmed ◽  
MMU Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Age At Puberty

Reproductive performance is considered as one of the important factors affecting the productivity and economy of the pig farms. The objective of the study was to determine the reproductive parameters of gilts and sows by direct interview method using a pretested questionnaire in selected area of Bangladesh. A total of 20 pig farms having 60 gilts and 27 sows were included in this investigation. The present study revealed that, in native female pigs, the age at puberty was 229.0 ± 16.7 days, the oestrous cycle length was 22.2 ± 1.2 days, the oestrous duration was 37.9 ± 14.2 hours, the gestation length was 113.5 ± 1.0 days, the interval between farrowing and onset of oestrus was 62.9 ± 11.9 days and the number of piglets born per native sow was 5.25 ± 2.3. It was also found that the first service pregnancy rate was 71.7% and the number of services required for each pregnancy was 1.3. The highest proportion of pigs was detected in oestrus by observing stand to be mounted by boars. It is concluded that reproductive parameters of native sows need to be improved for better production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21294 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 211-215  

87 Effect of Treatment with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Pregnancy Rates of Recipient Alpacas Post-Embryo Transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
H. W. Vivanco-Mackie ◽  
M. D. P. Salazar ◽  
M. Miguel-Gonzales ◽  
C. R. Youngs ◽  
M. Asparrin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Tolfenamic Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Live Fetus

The aim of the study was to improve the pregnancy rate in recipient alpacas using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatpry druds (NSAIDs) at time of embryo transfer. Because most NSAIDs are non-selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases, which are the rate-limiting enzymes in the formation of prostaglandins, such treatment could temporarily block the production of prositaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and hence maintain corpus luetum (CL) activity long enough to support embryo development and pregnancy. The experiment was carried out in the Peruvian southern highlands (4,100 m elevation). Thirty-one adult alpaca donors were subjected to superovulation and embryo flushing as described previously (Vivanco-Mackie 2013 Proc. 29th Annu. Mtg. AETE, Istanbul, pp. 43-74; http://www.aete.eu/index.php/publications-aete/proceedings/2013/file). From the collected embryos, 20 grade A embryos were selected and transferred fresh into the recipients of the 2 experimental groups. All embryos were collected and transferred at 6.5 days post-mating of the donors with one embryo transferred per recipient. Recipient alpacas (n = 20) were synchronized and induced to ovulate after a selection made by ultrasonography, selecting as recipients the alpacas with follicles >8 mm and then exposing them to vasectomized males followed by IM injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 0.0084 mg of acetate of buserelin). Embryo transfers were made by laparoscopically aided laparotomy 6.5 days after ovulation induction as this method has been demonstrated to be more effective in previous trials compared with transcervical non-surgical transfers. At the time of embryo transfer, the recipients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments according to the NSAID injected immediately after embryo transfer: Treatment 1 (10 alpacas) was an IM injection of meloxicam at 0.5 mg/kg of body weight; treatment 2 (10 alpacas) was an IM injection of tolfenamic acid at 3 mg/kg of body weight. At the pregnancy test by ultrasound scanning on Day 58 post-transfer, 30% (3/10) of the recipients had a live fetus in treatment 1, whereas treatment 2 had only 10% (1/10).The difference was not significant (P > 0.05) based on Chi-squared analysis. Th historical pregnancy rate obtained with fresh embryos transferred using the same technique and on the same farm where the comparison between NSAIDs was performed was 28.6% at 58 days post-transfer (Vivanco-Mackie et al. 2015 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 27, 173 abst). Results suggest that there is no difference between tolfenamic acid and meloxicam in their effect on pregnancy rates in alpacas receiving fresh embryo transfers. Compared with historical data of nontreated recipients, results of the present experiment may indicate that the use of NSAIDs at the time of embryo transfer does not improve pregnancy rates in alpaca fresh embryo recipients. However, additional research studies with greater numbers of recipients and an untreated control group are necessary to confirm the preliminary results of the present study. The study was funded by the ‘INNOVATE PERU’ program of the Peruvian Government.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of C-Reactive Protein Levels in the Saliva and Serum of Dogs with Various Diseases

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Yoo-Ra Cho ◽  
Ye-In Oh ◽  
Gun-Ho Song ◽  
Young Jun Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Won Seo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Serum Crp ◽  
Inflammation Group

We performed this study to characterize the difference between the inflammatory and non-inflammatory status in diseased dogs by measuring salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. In addition, we assessed whether a correlation exists between CRP levels in saliva and those in serum. CRP levels were measured in 32 client-owned dogs, which were then divided into inflammation and non-inflammation groups based on the serum CRP level. The salivary CRP level was higher in the inflammation group than in the non-inflammation group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the salivary and serum CRP levels (R = 0.866, p < 0.001). These data suggest that canine salivary CRP measurements can effectively and non-invasively detect an inflammatory state in dogs.

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