OP230 How Legitimate Is The Process Of Updating the Benefits Package In Israel? A 20 Year Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Dan Greenberg ◽  
Yael Assor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Patient Advocate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accountability For Reasonableness ◽  
Coverage Decision ◽  
National Health Insurance Law ◽  
Appeal Process ◽  
Benefits Package

IntroductionThe National Health Insurance Law enacted in 1995 stipulates a minimum list of health services (benefits package) that the four health plans in Israel have to provide to their members. The recommendations on which new technologies or new indications for existing ones should be added every year to the benefits package, subject to a predetermined budget, are made by a public committee that evaluates and prioritizes candidate technologies according to their clinical merit, economic (mainly budget impact), social, ethical and other aspects. We assessed the legitimacy of this coverage decision process over the past 20 years.MethodsThe legitimacy of the process was assessed by adherence to the conditions outlined in the accountability for reasonableness (A4R) framework. A4R defines four conditions for legitimate and fair healthcare coverage decision processes: relevance, publicity, appeals/reversibility, and enforcement. We reviewed the changes made in the coverage decision process over the past 20 years and examined whether these changes have changed its legitimacy.ResultsOur analysis suggests that despite several changes made over the years in the process for updating the benefits package, for example, increase in transparency, introducing a structured appeal process, it only partially fulfills the four A4R conditions. In order to accomplish these goals more fully, several widely used considerations such as cost-effectiveness analysis and incorporating views from patients should be included. Additionally, this decision-making process should become even more transparent than it currently is.ConclusionsThe annual process of updating the benefits package in Israel where hundreds of technologies are “competing” with each other for coverage under a pre-defined budget is unique and not without merit. This process has been operating in the same pattern with only minor changes made since 1999. The main barriers for fulfilling all A4R conditions may relate in part to the large number of technologies assessed each year within a short time frame. Several changes in the process including the assessment of societal values, involvement of diverse stakeholders including patient advocate groups should be made to improve its legitimacy.

The process of updating the National List of Health Services in Israel: Is it legitimate? Is it fair?

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Greenberg ◽  
Miriam I. Siebzehner ◽  
Joseph S. Pliskin
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Priority Setting Process ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
Accountability For Reasonableness ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
National Health Insurance Law ◽  
Setting Process

Objective:The Israeli National Health Insurance Law stipulates a National List of Health Services (NLHS) to which all residents are entitled from their HMOs. This list has been updated annually for almost a decade using a structured review and decision-making process. Although this process has been described in detail in previous papers, none of these have fully addressed legitimacy and fairness. We examine the legitimacy and fairness of the process of updating the NLHS in Israel.Methods:We assessed the priority-setting process for compliance with the four conditions of accountability for reasonableness outlined by Daniels and Sabin (relevance, publicity, appeals, and enforcement). These conditions emphasize transparency and stakeholder engagement in democratic deliberation.Results:Our analysis suggests that the Israeli process for updating the NLHS does not fulfill the appeals and enforcement conditions, and only partially follows the publicity and relevance conditions, outlined in the accountability for reasonableness framework. The main obstacles for achieving these goals may relate to the large number of technologies assessed each year within a short time frame, the lack of personnel engaged in health technology assessment, and the desire for early adoption of new technologies.Conclusions:The process of updating the NLHS in Israel is unique and not without merit. Changes in the priority-setting process should be made to increase its acceptability among the different stakeholders.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

Bioethics In Neurospinal Patient Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andi Asadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurosurgery is among the newest of surgical disciplines, appearing in its modern incarnation at the dawn of twentieth century with the work of Harvey Cushing and contemporaries. Neurosurgical ethics involves challenges of manipulating anatomical locus of human identity and concerns of surgeons and patients who find themselves bound together in that venture.In recent years, neurosurgery ethics has taken on greater relevance as changes in society and technology have brought novel questions into sharp focus. Change of expanded armamentarium of techniques for interfacing with the human brain and spine— demand that we use philosophical reasoning to assess merits of technical innovations.Bioethics can be defined as systematic study of moral challenges in medicine, including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies related to medicine. Every surgeon should still take the Hippocratic Oath seriously and consider it a basic guide to follow good medical ethics in medical practice. It is simple and embodies three of the four modern bioethics principles – Respecting autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. Currently, scientists are pressured on many fronts to develop an all-encompassing “cure” for paralysis. While scientific understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration has advanced greatly in the past years, there are still many unknowns with regard to inducing successful regeneration. A more realistic approach is required if we are interested in improving the quality of life of a large proportion of the paralyzed population in a more expedient time frame.

The Recent Revolution in High Performance Computing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Horst D. Simon
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Good News ◽  
Computing Industry ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Performance Computing

Recent events in the high-performance computing industry have concerned scientists and the general public regarding a crisis or a lack of leadership in the field. That concern is understandable considering the industry's history from 1993 to 1996. Cray Research, the historic leader in supercomputing technology, was unable to survive financially as an independent company and was acquired by Silicon Graphics. Two ambitious new companies that introduced new technologies in the late 1980s and early 1990s—Thinking Machines and Kendall Square Research—were commercial failures and went out of business. And Intel, which introduced its Paragon supercomputer in 1994, discontinued production only two years later.During the same time frame, scientists who had finished the laborious task of writing scientific codes to run on vector parallel supercomputers learned that those codes would have to be rewritten if they were to run on the next-generation, highly parallel architecture. Scientists who are not yet involved in high-performance computing are understandably hesitant about committing their time and energy to such an apparently unstable enterprise.However, beneath the commercial chaos of the last several years, a technological revolution has been occurring. The good news is that the revolution is over, leading to five to ten years of predictable stability, steady improvements in system performance, and increased productivity for scientific applications. It is time for scientists who were sitting on the fence to jump in and reap the benefits of the new technology.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Advances in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Jinsha Liu ◽  
Priyanka Pandya ◽  
Sepideh Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Targets

Around 77 new oncology drugs were approved by the FDA in the past five years; however, most cancers remain untreated. Small molecules and antibodies are dominant therapeutic modalities in oncology. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, peptides, cell, and gene-therapies are emerging to address the unmet patient need. Advancement in the discovery and development platforms, identification of novel targets, and emergence of new technologies have greatly expanded the treatment options for patients. Here, we provide an overview of various therapeutic modalities and the current treatment options in oncology, and an in-depth discussion of the therapeutics in the preclinical stage for the treatment of breast cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma.

The Future of the Planetary Trust in a Kaleidoscopic World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Brown Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Shared Goal

Today, it is evident that we are part of a planetary trust. Conserving our planet represents a public good, global as well as local. The threats to future generations resulting from human activities make applying the normative framework of a planetary trust even more urgent than in the past decades. Initially, the planetary trust focused primarily on threats to the natural system of our human environment such as pollution and natural resource degradation, and on threats to cultural heritage. Now, we face a higher threat of nuclear war, cyber wars, and threats from gene drivers that can cause inheritable changes to genes, potential threats from other new technologies such as artificial intelligence, and possible pandemics. In this context, it is proposed that in the kaleidoscopic world, we must engage all the actors to cooperate with the shared goal of caring for and maintaining planet Earth in trust for present and future generations.

Experiences of Knowledge Transfer on Industrial Heritage Using Games, Storytelling, and New Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Andrés López ◽  
David Checa Cruz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Value

The industry has a relevant spatial and socioeconomic importance in most of the Spanish cities and nowadays is one of the main urban economic activities. However, in many situations, and despite recent advances in the past two decades, industrial heritage is a value that is still not sufficiently widespread in society. The factories, their activity, and their historical evolution are often disconnected and isolated from the daily life of the cities, being quite an unknown aspect for most of the citizens. This contribution presents the result of various experiences of knowledge transmission on the heritage value of industry, through the use of games and storytelling technique as an educational tool and the combination of different technologies (3D modelling, videomapping, virtual reality) as useful tools to spread the explanation of this phenomenon.

New technologies and new policies: the ICRC's evolving approach to working with separated families

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (888) ◽  
pp. 1455-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Dubois ◽  
Katharine Marshall ◽  
Siobhan Sparkes McNamara
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Humanitarian Work ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe field of humanitarian action is far from static, and the ICRC has worked over the years to evolve and respond to changing needs and changing circumstances. The past several decades have seen a proliferation of humanitarian actors, protracted, complex conflicts, and the rapid rise of new technologies that have significantly impacted how humanitarian work is done. The ICRC has been continually challenged to adapt in this changing environment, and its core work of supporting separated families – through restoration of family links and through support to the families of the missing – provides insight into ways that it has met this challenge and areas in which it may still seek to improve.

BIG DATA PROCESSING IN THE DIGITALIZATION OF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
G.T. Balakayeva ◽  
◽  
D.K. Darkenbayev ◽  
M. Turdaliyev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Past

The growth rate of these enterprises has increased significantly in the last decade. Research has shown that over the past two decades, the amount of data has increased approximately tenfold every two years - this exceeded Moore's Law, which doubles the power of processors. About thirty thousand gigabytes of data are accumulated every second, and their processing requires an increase in the efficiency of data processing. Uploading videos, photos and letters from users on social networks leads to the accumulation of a large amount of data, including unstructured ones. This leads to the need for enterprises to work with big data of different formats, which must be prepared in a certain way for further work in order to obtain the results of modeling and calculations. In connection with the above, the research carried out in the article on processing and storing large data of an enterprise, developing a model and algorithms, as well as using new technologies is relevant. Undoubtedly, every year the information flows of enterprises will increase and in this regard, it is important to solve the issues of storing and processing large amounts of data. The relevance of the article is due to the growing digitalization, the increasing transition to professional activities online in many areas of modern society. The article provides a detailed analysis and research of these new technologies.

scholarly journals International Market Entry Strategies: Relational, Digital, and Hybrid Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Watson ◽  
Scott Weaven ◽  
Helen Perkins ◽  
Deepak Sardana ◽  
Robert W. Palmatier
Keyword(s):  
Market Entry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International Market ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Global Business ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Entry Strategies ◽  
Relational Strategies

The adoption of digital communications, facilitated by Internet technology, has been among the most significant international business developments of the past 25 years. This article investigates the effect of these new technologies and the changing global business environment to understand how relational approaches to international market entry (IME) are changing in light of macro developments. Despite substantial resources in business practice dedicated to combining relational strategies in digital settings, this analysis of extant literature reveals that fewer than 3% of peer-reviewed research articles in the international marketing domain examine digital contexts. To address this gap, the authors assess 25 years of literature to provide (1) a description of the evolution of IME research; (2) a review and synthesis of pertinent literature that adopts relational, digital, and hybrid approaches to IME; (3) a taxonomy of IME strategies; and (4) directions for further research.

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