Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis, detection and therapy of cancer

1982 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
R. W. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Mouse Myeloma

SynopsisThe production of monoclonal antibodies specifying tumour associated antigens is illustrated by studies with a spontaneously arising rat mammary carcinoma (Sp4). Fusion of spleen cells from tumour-immune rats with mouse myeloma (P3NS1) yielded hybridomas secreting antibody reacting with a tumour specific antigen. These approaches have subsequently been used to produce monoclonal antibodies reacting with human osteogenic sarcoma, although in this case the antigens detected are tumour associated rather than tumour-specific.The diagnostic applications of these monoclonal antibodies have been explored particularly to evaluate whether radiolabelled preparations can be used for ‘imaging’ tumours. This approach has been validated with the human osteogenic sarcoma xenograft in tests showing that tumours can be detected by y-camera scanning following injection of 131I-labelled antibody when used in conjunction with blood pool labelling using 113MIn and a computerised subtraction technique.Monoclonal antibodies also have considerable potential for targetting drugs. These approaches are illustrated by studies using anti-rat mammary carcinoma Sp4 monoclonal antibody linked to adriamycin for therapy of subcutaneous tumour. In addition to drug conjugates, monoclonal antibodies are being used for targeting immunomodulating agents. This is illustrated by another series of studies in which the anti-human osteogenic sarcoma monoclonal antibody has been conjugated to human lymphoblastoid cell interferon to produce a reagent for activating host natural killer cells.

Side-Effects of Monoclonal Antibody Infusions for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F.H. van der Linden ◽  
M.J.P.G. van Kroonenburgh ◽  
E.K.J. Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Toxic Reactions

This literature review presents an inventory of the nature and incidence of side-effects that arise from the clinical application of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Most side-effects occurred during therapy. Toxic reactions, such as fever, sweating and chills, were more common than immunological skin reactions; they were observed predominantly in association with the elimination of circulating target cells. Dosage and rate of administration of the MoAb appeared to have little influence on the reactions, which disappeared quickly and did not necessitate discontinuation of treatment. Serum sickness, anaphylactic reactions and bronchospasms were not common; the patients reacted quickly to the indicated therapy. Prevention of the side-effects described here, especially during diagnostic applications, was such that they need not form a barrier to the clinical use of MoAb.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of an endothelial, cell-specific antigen with a monoclonal antibody

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Parks ◽  
RD Gingrich ◽  
CE Dahle ◽  
JC Hoak
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
And Function

Abstract The purpose of these studies was to use monoclonal antibodies to identify and characterize plasma membrane components unique to the vascular endothelium. Our assumption is that such components may perform some of the specialized functions of the endothelium and, by their identification with antibody probes, we may be able to study further their function and structure. Thus, primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelium were used to immunize mice whose spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell NS-1. HEC-1 is a monoclonal antibody derived from such a fusion that appears to react with an antigen located only on endothelial cells. The antigen has been characterized by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 180,000 daltons under nonreducing conditions and 90,000 daltons under reducing conditions. Despite a close resemblance to a membrane component shown by others to be a receptor for transferrin, several lines of evidence reported in this paper indicate that this is not the function of the HEC-1 antigen. These data show that monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify and characterize membrane components of the vascular endothelium. Moreover, these probes can be used to inquire about the structure and function of the antigen with which they react.

Development of the ELISAs for detection of hormone-disrupting chemicals

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Goda ◽  
A. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Fukuda ◽  
S. Fujimoto ◽  
M. Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Hybridoma Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Structural Resemblance ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Mouse Myeloma

Six kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems were developed for the quantitative analysis of hormone-disrupting chemicals (HDCs), such as estrogen (ES: the total amount of estrone (E1), 17 β-estra (E2) and estriol (E3)), E2, bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenol (AP), phthalate esters (PE) and chlorophenols (CP). To generate specific monoclonal antibodies against BPA, AP, PE, CP, hybridoma cells were produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with carboxylated derivatives, while anti E2 monoclonal antibody was selected from those available on the market, and anti ES monoclonal antibody was purchased from Teikoku Hormone Mfg Co. Ltd. The detection limits of ES, E2, BPA, AP, PE and CP ELISAs were 0.1, 0.1, 5, 10, 200, 10 μg/L, when E2, E2, BPA, Nonylphenol (NP), Dibutylphthalate (DBP), 2,4-CP were used as standard, respectively, and the specificity of each ELISA was confirmed with the cross-reaction test using several compounds which have structural resemblance to the compounds of interest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Test for Detection of Helicobacter pylori-Specific Antigen in Stool Samples from Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Crone ◽  
Erin Symonds ◽  
Fiona Campbell ◽  
Ross Butler
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Helicobacter Felis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT A test using monoclonal antibodies for detection of antigen in stool samples was compared with culture and histology for noninfected (n = 25), Helicobacter pylori-infected (n = 25), and Helicobacter felis-infected (n = 6) mice. Sensitivity and specificity were 96%. The monoclonal antibody-based test is therefore a noninvasive technique that is able to diagnose H. pylori infection in mice.

Differentiation between culture-derived insect stages ofT. brucei,T. vivax, T. congolenseandT. simiaeusing a monoclonal antibody-based dot–ELISA

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Bosompem ◽  
R. K. G. Assoku ◽  
V. M. Nantulya
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Trypanosome Species ◽  
Dot Elisa ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYA sensitive and specific nitrocellulose (NC) membrane-based dot–ELISA, utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), was developed for differentiation betweenin vitro-derivedprocyclic forms ofTrypanosoma brucei,T. congolenseandT. simiae, and epimastigotes ofT. vivax. Trypanosomes in suspension were applied onto NC membrane in dots and probed with unlabelled trypanosome species-specific mAbs. Bound mAb was revealed by enzyme labelled anti-mouse IgG and precipitable chromogenic substrate. The assay detected the aforementioned trypanosome species in both single and artificially mixed preparations. TenT. brucei, 4T. vivax, 7T. congolenseand 3T. simiaeprocyclic stocks and clones from different geographical areas were tested and identified using the specific mAbs in the dot–ELISA which had a specificity of 100%. Some of theT. brucei,T. congolenseandNannomonas-specific mAbs could detect as few as 10 trypanosomes/dot, whilst 1T. vivaxmAb was able to detect a minimum of 100 trypanosomes/dot in monospecies preparations. A concentration of 1 × 104trypanosomes/μ/dot was eventually determined as ideal for testing in the dot–ELISA. Antigen dots stored at 4 °C under desiccated conditions did not show any loss in activity for up to 90 days. However, when stored under similar conditions at room temperature (17–26 °C), theT. congolense-specific antigen remained unaffected up to 60 days, and then showed decreased activity when tested on day 90.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of an endothelial, cell-specific antigen with a monoclonal antibody

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-823
Author(s):  
WM Parks ◽  
RD Gingrich ◽  
CE Dahle ◽  
JC Hoak
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
And Function

The purpose of these studies was to use monoclonal antibodies to identify and characterize plasma membrane components unique to the vascular endothelium. Our assumption is that such components may perform some of the specialized functions of the endothelium and, by their identification with antibody probes, we may be able to study further their function and structure. Thus, primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelium were used to immunize mice whose spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell NS-1. HEC-1 is a monoclonal antibody derived from such a fusion that appears to react with an antigen located only on endothelial cells. The antigen has been characterized by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 180,000 daltons under nonreducing conditions and 90,000 daltons under reducing conditions. Despite a close resemblance to a membrane component shown by others to be a receptor for transferrin, several lines of evidence reported in this paper indicate that this is not the function of the HEC-1 antigen. These data show that monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify and characterize membrane components of the vascular endothelium. Moreover, these probes can be used to inquire about the structure and function of the antigen with which they react.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 1895-1907
Author(s):  
Navgeet Kaur ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Rakesh K. Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancerous Cells

The importance of monoclonal antibodies in oncology has increased drastically following the discovery of Milstein and Kohler. Since the first approval of the monoclonal antibody, i.e. Rituximab in 1997 by the FDA, there was a decline in further applications but this number has significantly increased over the last three decades for various therapeutic applications due to the lesser side effects in comparison to the traditional chemotherapy methods. Presently, numerous monoclonal antibodies have been approved and many are in queue for approval as a strong therapeutic agent for treating hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The main target checkpoints for the monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells include EGFR, VEGF, CD and tyrosine kinase which are overexpressed in malignant cells. Other immune checkpoints like CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-1 receptors targeted by the recently developed antibodies increase the capability of the immune system in destroying the cancerous cells. Here, in this review, the mechanism of action, uses and target points of the approved mAbs against cancer have been summarized.

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