scholarly journals Formal methods in knowledge engineering

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank van Harmelen ◽  
Dieter Fensel
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
General Setting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pros And Cons

AbstractThis paper presents a general discussion of the role of formal methods in knowledge engineering. We give an historical account of the development of the field of knowledge engineering towards the use of formal methods. Subsequently, we discuss the pros and cons of formal methods. We do this by summarising the proclaimed advantages, and by arguing against some of the commonly heard objections against formal methods. We briefly summarise the current state of the art and discuss the most important directions that future research in this field should take. This paper presents a general setting for the other contributions in this issue of the journal, which each deal with a specific issue in more detail.

scholarly journals Diet and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: The State of the Art and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5203
Author(s):  
Katherine Brain ◽  
Tracy L. Burrows ◽  
Laura Bruggink ◽  
Anneleen Malfliet ◽  
Chris Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Pain Management ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Monounsaturated Fats ◽  
Management Recommendations

Nutrition plays an important role in pain management. Healthy eating patterns are associated with reduced systemic inflammation, as well as lower risk and severity of chronic non-cancer pain and associated comorbidities. The role of nutrition in chronic non-cancer pain management is an emerging field with increasing interest from clinicians and patients. Evidence from a number of recent systematic reviews shows that optimising diet quality and incorporating foods containing anti-inflammatory nutrients such as fruits, vegetables, long chain and monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and fibre leads to reduction in pain severity and interference. This review describes the current state of the art and highlights why nutrition is critical within a person-centred approach to pain management. Recommendations are made to guide clinicians and highlight areas for future research.

MACRO DEFECT FREE CEMENTS: A REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Ekincioglu ◽  
M. Hulusi Ozkul ◽  
Silvia Patachia
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alcohol Acetate ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mdf Cements ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Aluminate Cement

The usage of polymers in different sectors has been increasing in recent decades, and even our current age may have been defined as polymer age. When concrete is considered polymers are also widely used to modify the properties of both mortar and concrete and the usage of polymers in concrete dates back to 1920’s. On the other hand, Macro-defect free (MDF) cements are one particular type of cement-polymer composites and developed and patented by scientists at Imperial College at the beginnings of 1980’s. MDF cements are produced by mixing cement (commonly calcium aluminate cement) with small amounts of polymer (usually polyvinyl alcohol acetate) and water. High shear, relatively low pressure (about 5 MPa) and moderate temperature (about 80-100 °C) are applied during the production of this material. MDF cements, although consist of more than 80% by weight of cement, show 20-30 times higher flexural strength comparing to ordinary Portland cements. However, MDF cements show a considerable reduction in strength when they are exposed to water even for a short time. Many studies have been conducted to solve the water sensitivity of MDF cements for over 30 years. In this study, production, basic properties and the current state of the art of MDF cements are explained, and the future research works are suggested.

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE BANKING SECTOR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ilkovych ◽  
◽  
Maryna Korol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Further Development

The article considers the essence of blockchain technology and the possibility of its application in the banking sector. The current state of development and application of blockchain technologies in various industries is analyzed. The pros and cons of using blockchain technologies for the banking sector are identified. Emphasis is placed on the role of blockchain technologies in the further development of the banking sector. The most promising directions of development of this technology are considered. Particular attention is paid to examples of the use of blockchain technology by global banking institutions.

Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110045
Author(s):  
Alexander Diederich ◽  
Christophe Bastien ◽  
Karthikeyan Ekambaram ◽  
Alexis Wilson
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Seating Arrangement ◽  
Current State ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Occupant Kinematics ◽  
Belt System

The introduction of automated L5 driving technologies will revolutionise the design of vehicle interiors and seating configurations, improving occupant comfort and experience. It is foreseen that pre-crash emergency braking and swerving manoeuvres will affect occupant posture, which could lead to an interaction with a deploying airbag. This research addresses the urgent safety need of defining the occupant’s kinematics envelope during that pre-crash phase, considering rotated seat arrangements and different seatbelt configurations. The research used two different sets of volunteer tests experiencing L5 vehicle manoeuvres, based in the first instance on 22 50th percentile fit males wearing a lap-belt (OM4IS), while the other dataset is based on 87 volunteers with a BMI range of 19 to 67 kg/m2 wearing a 3-point belt (UMTRI). Unique biomechanics kinematics corridors were then defined, as a function of belt configuration and vehicle manoeuvre, to calibrate an Active Human Model (AHM) using a multi-objective optimisation coupled with a Correlation and Analysis (CORA) rating. The research improved the AHM omnidirectional kinematics response over current state of the art in a generic lap-belted environment. The AHM was then tested in a rotated seating arrangement under extreme braking, highlighting that maximum lateral and frontal motions are comparable, independent of the belt system, while the asymmetry of the 3-point belt increased the occupant’s motion towards the seatbelt buckle. It was observed that the frontal occupant kinematics decrease by 200 mm compared to a lap-belted configuration. This improved omnidirectional AHM is the first step towards designing safer future L5 vehicle interiors.

scholarly journals Utilization of Eco-Friendly Waste Generated Nanomaterials in Water-Based Drilling Fluids; State of the Art Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4171
Author(s):  
Rabia Ikram ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan ◽  
Akhmal Sidek ◽  
George Kenanakis
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Filtration Properties

An important aspect of hydrocarbon drilling is the usage of drilling fluids, which remove drill cuttings and stabilize the wellbore to provide better filtration. To stabilize these properties, several additives are used in drilling fluids that provide satisfactory rheological and filtration properties. However, commonly used additives are environmentally hazardous; when drilling fluids are disposed after drilling operations, they are discarded with the drill cuttings and additives into water sources and causes unwanted pollution. Therefore, these additives should be substituted with additives that are environmental friendly and provide superior performance. In this regard, biodegradable additives are required for future research. This review investigates the role of various bio-wastes as potential additives to be used in water-based drilling fluids. Furthermore, utilization of these waste-derived nanomaterials is summarized for rheology and lubricity tests. Finally, sufficient rheological and filtration examinations were carried out on water-based drilling fluids to evaluate the effect of wastes as additives on the performance of drilling fluids.

scholarly journals A State of the Art of the Overall Energy Efficiency of Wood Buildings—An Overview and Future Possibilities

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Matheus Roberto Cabral ◽  
Pierre Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hybrid Buildings ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Mass Timber

The main goal of this study was to review current studies on the state of the art of wood constructions with a particular focus on energy efficiency, which could serve as a valuable source of information for both industry and scholars. This review begins with an overview of the role of materials in wood buildings to improve energy performance, covering structural and insulation materials that have already been successfully used in the market for general applications over the years. Subsequently, studies of different wood building systems (i.e., wood-frame, post-and-beam, mass timber and hybrid constructions) and energy efficiency are discussed. This is followed by a brief introduction to strategies to increase the energy efficiency of constructions. Finally, remarks and future research opportunities for wood buildings are highlighted. Some general recommendations for developing more energy-efficient wood buildings are identified in the literature and discussed. There is a lack of emerging construction concepts for wood-frame and post-and-beam buildings and a lack of design codes and specifications for mass timber and hybrid buildings. From the perspective of the potential environmental benefits of these systems as a whole, and their effects on energy efficiency and embodied energy in constructions, there are barriers that need to be considered in the future.

Qillah: A Morphological Extension for Identifying Plural-of-Paucity Arabic Words

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
Ahlam Fuad ◽  
Amany bin Gahman ◽  
Rasha Alenezy ◽  
Wed Ateeq ◽  
Hend Al-Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Maximum Accuracy ◽  
Classical Arabic

Plural of paucity is one type of broken plural used in the classical Arabic. It is used when the number of people or objects ranges from three to 10. Based on our evaluation of four current state-of-the-art Arabic morphological analyzers, there is a lack of identification of broken plural words, specifically the plural of paucity. Therefore, this paper presents “[Formula: see text]” Qillah (paucity), a morphological extension that is built on top of other morphological analyzers and uses a hybrid rule-based and lexicon-based approach to enhance the identification of plural of paucity. Two versions of the Qillah were developed, one is based on FARASA morphological analyzer and the other is based on CALIMA Star analyzer, as these are some of the best-performing morphological analyzers. We designed two experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed solution based on a collection of 402 different Arabic words. The version based on CALIMA Star achieved a maximum accuracy of 93% in identifying the plural-of-paucity words compared to the baselines. It also achieved a maximum accuracy of 98% compared to the baselines in identifying the plurality of the words.

scholarly journals A Lab Model for Symptom Exaggeration: What do we Need?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella J. M. Niesten ◽  
Harald Merckelbach ◽  
Alfons Van Impelen ◽  
Marko Jelicic ◽  
Angel Manderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Current State ◽  
Symptom Exaggeration ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This article reflects on the current state of the art in research on individuals who exaggerate their symptoms (i.e., feigning). We argue that the most commonly used approach in this field, namely simply providing research participants with instructions to overreport symptoms, is valuable for validating measures that tap into symptom exaggeration, but is less suitable for addressing the theoretical foundations of feigning. That is, feigning serves to actively mislead others and is done deliberately. These characteristics produce experiences (e.g., feelings of guilt) in individuals who feign that lab research in its current form is unable to accommodate for. Paradigms that take these factors into account may not only yield more ecologically valid data, but may also stimulate a shift from the study of how to detect feigning to more fundamental issues. One such issue is the cognitive dissonance (e.g., feelings of guilt) that – in some cases – accompanies feigning and that may foster internalized fabrications. We present three studies (N's = 78, 60, and 54) in which we tried to abate current issues and discuss their merits for future research.

The Advancement of Neuroimaging Research Investigating Developmental Stuttering

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deryk S. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
The Brain ◽  
State Of The Field

We are amassing information about the role of the brain in speech production and the potential neural limitations that coincide with developmental stuttering at a fast rate. As such, it is difficult for many clinician-scientists who are interested in the neural correlates of stuttering to stay informed of the current state of the field. In this paper, I aim to inspire clinician-scientists to tackle hypothesis-driven research that is grounded in neurobiological theory. To this end, I will review the neuroanatomical structures, and their functions, which are implicated in speech production and then describe the relevant differences identified in these structures in people who stutter relative to their fluently speaking peers. I will conclude the paper with suggestions on directions of future research to facilitate the evolution of the field of neuroimaging of stuttering.

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