scholarly journals A multidisciplinary survey on discrimination analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Romei ◽  
Salvatore Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Labor Economics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Observational Methods ◽  
Discrimination Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

AbstractThe collection and analysis of observational and experimental data represent the main tools for assessing the presence, the extent, the nature, and the trend of discrimination phenomena. Data analysis techniques have been proposed in the last 50 years in the economic, legal, statistical, and, recently, in the data mining literature. This is not surprising, since discrimination analysis is a multidisciplinary problem, involving sociological causes, legal argumentations, economic models, statistical techniques, and computational issues. The objective of this survey is to provide a guidance and a glue for researchers and anti-discrimination data analysts on concepts, problems, application areas, datasets, methods, and approaches from a multidisciplinary perspective. We organize the approaches according to their method of data collection as observational, quasi-experimental, and experimental studies. A fourth line of recently blooming research on knowledge discovery based methods is also covered. Observational methods are further categorized on the basis of their application context: labor economics, social profiling, consumer markets, and others.

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

Aplicabilidade clínica das técnicas de liberação manual diafragmática: uma revisão sistemática

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Dulce Marieli Danieli ◽  
Fabíola De Almeida Gomes ◽  
Bruna Eibel ◽  
William Dhein
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manipulations ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Quasi Experimental

INTRODUÇÃO: O diafragma é o principal músculo respiratório e desempenha um papel importante na respiração e na regulação fisiológica. Uma terapia que visa melhorar essas condições referentes ao diafragma, é a técnica de liberação manual diafragmática. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade clínica das técnicas manuais de liberação diafragmática e identificar as principais técnicas, populações investigadas, variáveis avaliadas e seus desfechos. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo e Science Direct, com os descritores “Diaphragm [Mesh]” e “Musculoskeletal Manipulations [Mesh]” com seus correspondentes no mesmo idioma. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, não randomizados, estudos semi, quase-experimentais e estudos pilotos ou de caso, que abordaram técnicas de liberação manuais diafragmáticas.RESULTADOS: Há variadas técnicas de liberação diafragmática, sendo as mais mencionadas: normalização dos pilares do diafragma, alongamento e estiramento do diafragma, relaxamento dos pilares do diafragma. Além disso, as técnicas de liberação diafragmática vêm sendo associadas a protocolos de terapia manipulativa osteopática (TMO). As principais populações estudadas foram de pacientes saudáveis, com lombalgia, cervicalgia, osteoartrite, asmáticos, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, constipados, cardiopatas e com refluxo gastroesofágico. Os principais desfechos avaliados são variáveis musculoesqueléticas (dor, flexibilidade, amplitude, espessura diafragmática), variáveis cardiorrespiratórias (pressão inspiratória/expiratória máxima (PImax e Pemax), mobilidade torácica, frequência cardíaca e respiratória), qualidade de vida e disfunções gastrointestinais/gastroesofágicas. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicabilidade clínica das técnicas de liberação diagramática está sendo investigada associado com outras técnicas osteopáticas, em protocolos de TMO em pacientes saudáveis, pneumopatas, cardiopatas, gestantes, em cicatriz pós-cirúrgica, constipados, com refluxo gastroesofágico, osteoartrite, cervicalgia e com lombalgia. Evidencia-se: diminuição ou eliminação das dores musculoesqueléticas, aumento da flexibilidade, ADM, Pimáx e Pemáx, aumento da mobilidade torácica, aumento da qualidade de vida, diminuição do inchaço e dor abdominal e sem efeito em cardiopatas.ABSTRACT. Clinical applicability of manual diaphragmatic release techniques: a systematic review.BACKGROUND: The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle and plays an important role in breathing and physiological regulation. A therapy that aims to improve these conditions regarding the diaphragm, is the manual diaphragmatic release technique.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the clinical applicability of manual diaphragmatic release techniques and searching the main techniques, population, evaluated variables, and outcomes. METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Scielo, and Science Direct, with the descriptors “Diaphragm [Mesh]” and “Musculoskeletal Manipulations [Mesh]” with their correspondents in the same language. There were included randomized clinical trial, non-randomized clinical trials, semi, and quasi-experimental studies, and pilot or case studies, which addressed manual diaphragmatic release techniques.RESULTS: There are various diaphragmatic release techniques, the most mentioned are: normalization of the diaphragm pillars, stretching of the diaphragm, relaxation of the diaphragm pillars, and protocols for osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) for the diaphragm. The main populations studied were healthy patients, with low back pain, asthmatics, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, constipated, cardiac patients, and gastroesophageal reflux. The main outcomes assessed are musculoskeletal variables (pain, flexibility, range of motion, diaphragmatic thickness), cardiorespiratory variables (maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP), chest mobility, heart, and respiratory rate), quality of life, and gastrointestinal/ gastroesophageal disorders.CONCLUSION: The clinical applicability of diagrammatic release techniques is being investigated in association with other osteopathic techniques, in protocols of OMT in healthy subjects, patients with lung diseases, heart disease, pregnant women, scar tissue, constipated, with gastroesophageal reflux, osteoarthritis, cervicalgia and with low back pain. There is evidence of reduction and elimination of musculoskeletal pain, increased MIP, increased chest mobility, an increase in health quality, a decrease of bloating and abdominal pain related to constipation, and a decrease of reflux symptoms.

scholarly journals Between Level Up and Game Over: A Systematic Literature Review of Gamification in Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Manzano-León ◽  
Pablo Camacho-Lazarraga ◽  
Miguel A. Guerrero ◽  
Laura Guerrero-Puerta ◽  
José M. Aguilar-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Current Lines ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
The Impact

Educational gamification consists of the use of game elements and game design techniques in the educational context. The objective of this study is to examine the existing evidence on the impact of educational gamification on student motivation and academic performance in the last five years in order to analyze its distribution over time, educational level, variables, and most used game elements, and know the advantages of its implementation in the classroom. For this, a systematic review is proposed through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology in three multidisciplinary databases, through an exhaustive search with inclusion and exclusion criteria on quantitative experimental studies that explore gamification in educational centers, which provide information about the most current lines of research. Fourteen studies were included in this review. These used experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Most of them report gamification as a valid learning strategy. The results support the conclusion that educational gamification has a potential impact on the academic performance, commitment, and motivation of students. Therefore, this study implies the need to expand research on the needs and challenges of students when learning with gamified techniques.

An investigation of effects of level density models and gamma ray strength functions on cross-section calculations for the production of 90Y, 153Sm, 169Er, 177Lu and 186Re therapeutic radioisotopes via (n,γ) reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mert Şekerci ◽  
Hasan Özdoğan ◽  
Abdullah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Level Density Models ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Abstract One of the methods used to treat different cancer diseases is the employment of therapeutic radioisotopes. Therefore, many clinical, theoretical and experimental studies are being carried out on those radioisotopes. In this study, the effects of level density models and gamma ray strength functions on the theoretical production cross-section calculations for the therapeutic radioisotopes 90Y, 153Sm, 169Er, 177Lu and 186Re in the (n,γ) route have been investigated. TALYS 1.9 code has been used by employing different level density models and gamma ray strength functions. The theoretically obtained data were compared with the experimental data taken from the literature. The results are presented graphically for better interpretation.

Microemulsion Phase Behavior Observations, Thermodynamic Essentials, Mathematical Simulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 747-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Bennett ◽  
Craig H.K. Phelps ◽  
H. Ted Davis ◽  
L.E. Scriven
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Alkyl Aryl Sulfonate ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Tie Lines

Abstract The phase behavior of microemulsions of brine, hydrocarbon, alcohol, and a pure alkyl aryl sulfonate-sodium 4-(1-heptylnonyl) benzenesulfonate (SHBS or Texas 1) was investigated as a function of the concentration of salt (NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2), the hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, octane to hexadecane), the alcohol (butyl and amyl isomers), the concentration of surfactant, and temperature. The phase behavior mimics that of similar systems with the commercial surfactant Witco TRS 10–80. The phase volumes follow published trends, though with exceptions.A mathematical framework is presented for modeling phase behavior in a manner consistent with the thermodynamically required critical tie lines and plait point progressions from the critical endpoints. Hand's scheme for modeling binodals and Pope and Nelson's approach to modeling the evolution of the surfactant-rich third phase are extended to satisfy these requirements.An examination of model-generated progressions of ternary phase diagrams enhances understanding of the experimental data and reveals correlations of relative phase volumes (volume uptakes) with location of the mixing point (overall composition) relative to the height of the three-phase region and the locations of the critical tie lines (critical endpoints and conjugate phases). The correlations account, on thermodynamic grounds, for cases in which the surfactant is present in more than one phase or the phase volumes change discontinuously, both cases being observed in the experimental study. Introduction The phase behavior of a surfactant-based micellar formulation is one of the major factors governing the displacement efficiency of any chemical flooding process employing that formulation. Knowledge of phase behavior is, thus, important for the interpretation of laboratory core floods, the design of flooding processes, and the evaluation of field tests. Phase behavior is connected intimately with other determinants of the flooding process, such as interfacial tension and viscosity. Since the number of equilibrium phases and their volumes and appearances are easier to measure and observe than phase compositions, viscosities, and interfacial tensions, there is great interest in understanding the phase-volume/phase-property relationships. Commercial surfactants, such as Witco TRS 10-80, are sulfonates of crude or partially refined oil. While they seem to be the most economically practicable surfactants for micellar flooding, their behavior, particularly with crude oils and reservoir brines, can be difficult to interpret, the phases varying with time and from batch to batch. Phase behavior studies with a small number of components, in conjunction with a theoretical understanding of phase behavior progressions, can aid in understanding more complex behavior. In particular, one can begin to appreciate which seemingly abnormal experimental observations (e.g., surfactant present in more than one phase or a discontinuity in phase volume trends) are merely features of certain regions of any phase diagram and which are peculiar to the specific crude oil or commercial surfactant used in the study.We report here experimental studies of the phase behavior of microemulsions of a pure sulfonate surfactant (Texas 1), a single normal alkane hydrocarbon, a simple brine, and a small amount of a suitable alcohol as cosurfactant or cosolvent. The controlled variables are hydrocarbon chain length, alcohol, salinity, salt type (NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2), surfactant purity, surfactant concentration, and temperature. Many of these experimental data were presented earlier. SPEJ P. 747^

Hybrid Analysis of Gas Annular Seals With Energy Equation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Migliorini ◽  
Alexandrina Untaroiu ◽  
William C. Witt ◽  
Neal R. Morgan ◽  
Houston G. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Energy Equation ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Annular Seals

Annular seals are used in turbomachinery to reduce secondary flow between regions of high and low pressure. In a vibrating rotor system, the non-axisymmetric pressure field developed in the small clearance between the rotor and the seal generate reactionary forces that can affect the stability of the entire rotor system. Traditionally, two analyses have been used to study the fluid flow in seals, bulk-flow analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Bulk-flow methods are computational inexpensive, but solve simplified equations that rely on empirically derived coefficients and are moderately accurate. CFD analyses generally provide more accurate results than bulk-flow codes, but solution time can vary between days and weeks. For gas damper seals, these analyses have been developed with the assumption that the flow can be treated as isothermal. Some experimental studies show that the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature temperatures is less than 5% but initial CFD studies show that there can be a significant temperature change which can have an effect on the density field. Thus, a comprehensive analysis requires the solution of an energy equation. Recently, a new hybrid method that employs a CFD analysis for the base state, unperturbed flow and a bulk-flow analysis for the first order, perturbed flow has been developed. This method has shown to compare well with full CFD analysis and experimental data while being computationally efficient. In this study, the previously developed hybrid method is extended to include the effects of non-isothermal flow. The hybrid method with energy equation is then compared with the isothermal hybrid method and experimental data for several test cases of hole-pattern seals and the importance of the use of energy equation is studied.

Effect of Boundary Layer Suction on Aerodynamic Performance of High-Turning Compressor Cascade

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxin Zhang ◽  
Shaowen Chen ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Songtao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Parameter Distribution ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Boundary Layer Suction ◽  
End Wall ◽  
Low Speed Wind Tunnel ◽  
Good Agreement

Compared with suction slots, suction holes are (1) flexible in distribution; (2) alterable in size; (3) easy to fabricate and (4) high in strength. In this paper, the numerical and experimental studies for a high turning compressor cascade with suction air removed by using suction holes in the end-wall at a low Mach numbers are carried out. The main objective of the investigation is to study the influence of different suction distributions on the aerodynamic performance of the compressor cascade and to find a better compound suction scheme. A numerical model was first made and validated by comparing with the experimental results. The computed flow visualization and exit parameter distribution showed a good agreement with experimental data. Second, the model was then used to simulate the influence of different suction distributions on the aerodynamic performance of the compressor cascade. A better compound suction scheme was obtained by summarizing numerical results and tested in a low speed wind tunnel. As a result, the compound suction scheme can be used to significantly improve the performance of the compressor cascade because the corner separation gets further suppressed.

Relation between understanding and agreeing in response to one-sentence assertion*

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUHIRO OZURU ◽  
DAVID BOWIE ◽  
GIULIA KAUFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Evaluative Response ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

abstractThree quasi-experimental studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between the evaluative (i.e., agree/true) and the meta-cognitive (i.e., understand) response, and to determine which type of response people are more likely to provide when responding to one-sentence assertive statements. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed two separate tasks in which they were asked to indicate the levels of: (i) understanding and (ii) agreement / perceived truthfulness of 126 one-sentence statements. The results indicated that participants were likely to provide a negative evaluative response (i.e., disagree/false) to a statement that they did not understand. In Study 3, participants were asked to evaluate the same 126 statements and choose between four response options: agree, disagree, understand, do not understand. The results indicated that people are more likely provide an evaluative response regardless of the understandability of a statement. The results of these studies are discussed in relation to (i) pragmatic perspective of how people infer speakers’ meaning, and (ii) cognitive processes underlying evaluative and meta-cognitive response.

Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (106) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. Semenov ◽  
T. Sakhno ◽  
Y. Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Labor Safety ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Additional Safety

Purpose: The article aims to study the photobiological safety of ultraviolet radiation of UV lamps in agriculture. Design/methodology/approach: The research and analysis of the lighting characteristics of samples of LUF 80 and LE 30 lamps, which are the most widely used in the agrarian complex. Findings: Experimental studies have shown that the photobiological safety of LUF 80 lamps belongs to the low-risk group RG1, while LE 30 lamps show high risk and are thus assigned to group RG3. Research limitations/implications: It is advisable to continue studying the characteristics of lamps and lamp systems for various fields of agriculture on the market in Ukraine to assess their compliance with safety requirements. Practical implications: The application of the proposed approach allows increasing the level of labor safety in commercial greenhouses or any other industry by choosing the suitable lamps for agriculture that at present are not regulated by additional safety measures. Originality/value: The originality of the article is showing the results of the experimental data of the studies of light-technical characteristics of ultraviolet lamps for agriculture.

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