Patoĉka's Interpretation of Comenius and Its Significance for Present-Day Pedagogics

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-631
Author(s):  
Klaus Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political System ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The ArgumentThe political changes in Czechoslovakia and in other Eastern European countries in 1989 are closely related to Jan Patoĉka's philosophy. He was one of the first speakers for the human rights manifesto “Charta 77” and died following his political interrogations in 1978. Vàclav Havel, the president of the ĉSFR, was one of his students. Patoĉka's philosophy is sketched here following his interpretation of Comenius, beginning with an early work of 1932 and until his interpretation of Comenius' The Paradise of the World and the Labyrinth of the Heart in his book Die Philosophic der Erziehung des J. A. Comenius (1970) (J. A. Comenius' Philosophy of Education).As a phenomenologist who transcends both Husserl and Heidegger, Patoĉka's conflict with the political system of his country was inevitable. The regime could not put up with his thesis on the “open soul” which, due to its existential openness, can hear the “call of conscience.” Behind this thesis stands Patocka's teaching of the three movements of existence. And out of this follows his “Education of the Turning.” Patoĉka's theory of education leads straight to some nondogmatic conceptions of education such as the “Communication Pedagogics” which dates back to the dialogical education of Martin Buber.

scholarly journals Poradziecka oligarchizacja Ukrainy i Białorusi: procesy, mechanizmy, perspektywy

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-65
Author(s):  
Maxim Rust
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
Eastern European Countries

In Eastern European countries, the issue of the oligarchisation of the political system is one of the most important factors influencing the process of systemic transformation. In Ukraine, the phenomenon of oligarchisation took on the classic post-Soviet form of influencing the political elite. In Belarus, its importance is smaller and of a different character. When analysing the dynamics of the socio-political development of both republics after 1991, the vision of Ukraine without oligarchs, or inversely – Belarus with the established oligarchic system is not so obvious. The main goal of this article is to compare and evaluate the reforms and socio-political changes in Belarus and Ukraine in the context of the role played by the oligarchisation of these countries.

scholarly journals Niemiecka droga do demokracji i gospodarki rynkowej jako przykład dla państw Europy Wschodniej

2017 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Martin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Political System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Democratic Political System

The German experience with democracy and the market economy can be particularly valuable for other European countries for at least two reasons. Firstly, after World War II, the Germans effectively and permanently managed to enter the democratic political system based on the market economy. Initially, the economy was implemented only in the western part of the country and since 1990 all over the country. Secondly, after the collapse of the former Soviet bloc, Central European countries greatly benefited from German political solutions. This means that in favourable conditions, these experiences can be a valuable source of inspiration for other countries, especially those in Eastern Europe.This study is a result of research conducted in 2016 as part of the project ‘Germany and Russia in a multipolar international order. Strategic vision and potential alliances’ with the support of the Foundation for Polish-German Cooperation. It consists of four parts. Part I is an introduction to the issues analysed. Part II shows the genesis and characteristics of the democratic political system of Germany. Part III contains an analysis of the German experience with the implementation of the market economy. In Part IV, the author presents his conclusions of how and to what extent Eastern European countries can use the German experience in reforming their political systems and what conditions they would have to meet.

scholarly journals Objectives and Principles of Administrative Proceedings: Doctrinal Ideas and Legislative Wordings of the Eastern European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris V. Makogon ◽  
Mihail I. Nikulin ◽  
Valerij N. Samsonov ◽  
Marina A. Sorokoletova ◽  
Olesya O. Tovstukha
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Systematic Reflection ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Administrative Proceedings

This article examines the theoretical approaches and legislative decisions of the Eastern European states’ cocerning the purposes and principles of administrative proceedings. Based on the analysis of relevant scientific works and legislation, it has been concluded that both the objectives of administrative proceedings and its principles relate to the human rights and freedoms. At the same time, the doctrinally articulated objectives do not find their systematic reflection in the legislation, and the principles are a universal legal element that determines the relationships between the executive authorities and citizens.

Translation channels

Target ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Popa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
International Circulation ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Focusing on a comparative analysis of the translations in French of literary works from four Eastern European countries (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania) during the communist period, this article examines the political stakes of the international circulation of literary texts. More precisely, it proposes a model for describing the different modalities of international circulation—referred to here as translation channels—based on the statistical analysis of a relevant set of variables. These channels allow us to present a gradation of the degree of politicization and institutionalization of the literary transfer, and to go well beyond an analysis in terms of the undifferentiated flow of imported books or the simple opposition of authorized vs. unauthorized translations or submissive vs. dissenting writers.

scholarly journals Moderate Innovator Trap—Does the Convergence of Innovation Performance Occur in the World Economy?

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski ◽  
Jakub Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Relative Gains

Based on β and σ convergence analysis, we find a high persistence of innovation gaps for international innovation indices reported by the European Commission. Our research confirms the diverging scientific potential across the analyzed economies. Estimation provides evidence of convergence in the case of R&D expenses and the relative position on the global technological frontier. We propose a simple fixed effect panel regression measuring relative innovativeness potential. Our model suggests that current ranking leaders, i.e., Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, and Finland) and Germany, are likely to further outpace the United States. Central and Eastern European countries are achieving the greatest relative gains but are unlikely to exceed 70% of US potential. Peripheral European countries, South Africa, Turkey, and Russia are projected to further lose their innovativeness position despite their weaker initial position.

scholarly journals Policy of multiculturalism: Protection or control of ethnic identities?

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-195
Author(s):  
Goran Basic
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multicultural Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Multicultural Policies ◽  
Different Parts

Policies of multiculturalism are not an inheritance of modern and liberal state, although it is often concluded in the public. Historical empires states of ?old? democracy, colonial and immigrant societies, as well as eastern European countries after the experiment with communism confronted with a problem of ?control? of multiculturalism. Models of the multicultural policy are numerous and dependable on political, social and cultural circumstances in different parts of the world, and often culturally similar states develop different multicultural policies. Historical and contemporary experiences related to the multicultural policies are discussed in the paper and the last part deals conditions in which contemporary Serbia responds on requirements and challenges of its own multiculturalism.

scholarly journals Educational systems of Eastern European countries as a subject of international comparative research

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dudka ◽  
Mykola Chumak ◽  
Nina Lytvynenko ◽  
Valentuna Benera ◽  
Tamara Serhiienko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
The World ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The article analyzes the level of development of educational systems in Eastern European countries by using empirical data from international comparative studies. The tools of comparative analysis are used to group the studied publications, which directly or indirectly consider an educational system at the level of different countries and regions of the world. The newest western approaches to the issue of educational systems are represented. The unsurpassed value of multi-object international comparative research in the study of educational systems of the world enabling the analysis of the phenomenon at the interdisciplinary level is emphasized. The author's definition of “international comparative research” is formulated based on modern scientific studies, which is interpreted as a special type of research, which purpose is to conduct multilevel analysis to compare macro-objects, based on subjective empirical data. Emphasis is done on the lack of a unified terminological apparatus of the studied issue in modern science, which indicates the availability of the following definitive plurality: “comparative studies”, “international issues”, “cross-cultural studies”, and “international comparative studies”. The analysis of the level of development of educational systems of Eastern European countries is based on a comparison of official statistical materials of the World Bank. The processed statistical materials are correlated with the results of descriptive statistics during the testing of statistical hypotheses. Subject analysis of educational systems in Eastern Europe is based on a comparison of empirical data on three criteria – international educational projects, the highest educational results (“S.A.B.E.R”), and the amount of external funding for the educational branch.

The Exclusion of Roma and European Citizenship

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (824) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Julija Sardelić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

Some 10-15 million members of the Roma minority live in Europe; an estimated 6 million are citizens of the European Union. It was not until the 1990s that European Union institutions began treating Roma as an ethnic minority deserving of human rights protections. Concerns about mass migration of Roma from Eastern European countries where they face severe discrimination was one of the reasons the EU included protections for Roma among the conditions that candidate countries had to meet to qualify for consideration in its most recent rounds of enlargement. Those EU efforts have overlooked similar discrimination and neglect in western member states.

Mental health services in Central and Eastern Europe: current state and continuing concerns

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Saraceno ◽  
Shekhar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eastern European Countries

SummaryAims – This paper attempts to examine the current state of mental health services in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods – Selected review of available literature has been done with emphasis on information complied by World Health Organization (WHO). Results – The magnitude and burden of mental disorders is high in Europe, the mental health services are inadequate in most Central and Eastern European countries and human rights situation is unsatisfactory. However, there are some positive recent developments worth noting. These include increased attention to human rights, cooperation and collaboration at subregional level and emergence of family and consumer associations. Conclusions – A concerted and systematic attempt needs to be made to respond to the challenge of providing adequate and human rights-based mental health services in Central and Eastern European countries. The framework developed by WHO can assist the countries in their initiatives aimed at improving mental health systems.Declaration of Interest: none

Discrimination and Lawful Distinction in Employment – The Approach by the ILO

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Karl Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) is among the most widely ratified Conventions in the World. Its Article 1(2) stipulating that discrimination does not cover distinctions, exclusions or preferences based on the inherent requirements of a particular job has given rise to a number of problems relating to occupational bans restricting the access to employment of persons supporting certain political parties. Such bans are found in Germany and a number of Eastern European countries. Considering the recent development in national law and in the case law of the ILO supervisory bodies the article analyses the concept of ‘inherent requirements of a Particular job’ in Article 1(2).

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