Mealtimes in Head Start pre-k classrooms: examining language-promoting opportunities in a hybrid space

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica M. BARNES ◽  
Jill F. GRIFENHAGEN ◽  
David K. DICKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Academic Vocabulary ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Mealtime Interactions

AbstractIn this study we sought to identify profiles of talk during Head Start preschool mealtime conversations involving teachers and students. Videos of 44 Head Start classrooms’ lunch interactions were analyzed for the ratio of teacher–child talk and amount of academic vocabulary, and then coded for instances of academic/food, social/personal, and management talk to highlight the degree of hybridity of talk within this unique setting. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct patterns of teacher–child mealtime interactions in 44 Head Start preschool classrooms: classroom discourse, home discourse, hybrid-low, and hybrid-high. Multilevel models further demonstrated a relationship among these clusters of teacher–child interactions and children's end-of-year expressive vocabulary scores controlling for ratio of teacher–child talk and pre-test scores. Children in classrooms displaying a hybrid style of mealtime discourse made the greatest gains on measures of expressive vocabulary in contrast to their peers in classrooms displaying other discourse styles.

Reading Beyond the Book: Educating Paraprofessionals to Implement Dialogic Reading for Preschool Children With Language Impairments

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Towson ◽  
Katherine B. Green ◽  
Diana L. Abarca
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Dialogic Reading ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
Variable Fidelity ◽  
Multiple Probe

We examined how educating paraprofessionals in preschool classrooms on dialogic reading (DR) affected their storybook reading and effects on children’s single word vocabulary. Through a single-case multiple-probe across participants design including four paraprofessionals and eight preschool children, we identified a functional relation between educating paraprofessionals in DR and implementation of the CROWD prompts; yet, no functional relation was observed for the implementation of the evaluate, expand, and repeat strategies. Data collected on children’s expressive near-transfer vocabulary showed all but one child made minimal gains from baseline to intervention, whereas receptive data remained stable for six participants. Results suggested that paraprofessionals implemented the strategies of DR with variable fidelity following a singular training and in-text supports. Additional supports may be necessary for all aspects of the intervention and generalization to be implemented with fidelity and for improvement to carryover to both receptive and expressive vocabulary skills for children.

Implementing Dialogic Teaching in a Singapore English Language Classroom

RELC Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lee
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Government School ◽  
Dialogic Teaching ◽  
Student Talk ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Teachers And Students

Despite the fact that Singaporean students consistently perform well in literacy tests such as the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, employers have reported that Singaporean employees in general lack confidence in articulating their views in the workplace. This may be attributed to the practice of teacher-fronted and monologic classroom discourse, which does not allow opportunities for teachers and students to construct knowledge and understanding together during curriculum time. The article reports on one classroom-based research conducted on a Secondary Three (age 15) class in one Singaporean government school. The purpose of this article is to show how classroom talk could be made more dialogic, through an intervention, to enhance students’ talk opportunities and to build up literacy skills. The article argues that over time, the habitual practice of a dialogic form of teacher-student talk would help to open up the space of learning for students. To do that, it would be necessary to begin with raising teachers’ awareness of the benefits of dialogic talk.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Daya Saing Masyarakat: Pelatihan Membatik Kreatif Ramah Lingkungan di Masa Pandemi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Ariesa Pandanwangi ◽  
Belinda Sukapura Dewi ◽  
Ida Ida ◽  
Doro Edi ◽  
Olga Pattipawaej
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Post Test

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini berdasarkan permintaan dari pihak SMP Terbuka Maleo Tangerang Selatan untuk melatih guru dan siswanya. Mereka dipersiapkan agar lulusannya dapat meningkatkan daya saing masyarakat. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, penting dilakukan pengabdian dengan cara memberikan pelatihan dasar membatik kreatif dengan empat teknik yaitu<br />wet on wet, wet on dry, teknik colet, dan teknik penggaraman untuk mengatasai masalah yang dihadapi mitra. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam satu hari dengan 2 sesi kegiatan. Sesi pertama, peserta diberikan materi tentang cara mengolah material biji klungsu. Peserta diberikan lembar pretest dan post-test untuk menilai adanya peningkatan alih pengetahuan peserta setelah penyampaian materi tersebut. Sesi kedua peserta melakukan praktik cara membuat batik kreatif dengan menggunakan olahan biji klungsu dan 4 teknik pewarnaan. Berdasarkan nilai pretest-post-test peserta diketahui dengan hasil pengujian Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sesudah kegiatan pelatihan membuat batik kreatif.</p><p><em>The implementation of this community service is based on a request from the Maleo South Tangerang Open Middle School to train teachers and students. They are prepared so that their graduates can increase the competitiveness of society. Based on these facts, it is important to do dedication by providing basic training in creative batik with four techniques, namely wet on wet, wet on dry, dabbing technique, and salting technique to overcome problems faced by partners. This activity is carried out in one day with 2 activity sessions. In the first session, participants were given material on how to process the Klungsu seed material. Participants are given pretest and post-test sheets to assess an increase in participants' knowledge transfer after delivering the material. In the second session the participants practiced how to make creative batik using processed klungsu seeds and 4 coloring techniques. Based on the participants' pretest-post-test scores, The Wilcoxon test results showed that there was an increase in participants' knowledge after practice how to make creative batik. </em></p></div>

scholarly journals CLASSROOM INTERACTION WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECT BASED ON SINCLAIR AND COULTHARD MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indahwaty Suwandy ◽  
Siti Aisah Ginting ◽  
Rita Suswati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
English Classroom ◽  
Response Feedback ◽  
Instrument Observation

This study is analysis of classroom interaction between English and Mathematics subject which conducted by teachers and students through communication in classroom interaction. The aims of this study were: (a) To identify the kinds of Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) pattern are used by the teacher and students in classroom interaction based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model (1975), and (b) To find out why the Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) pattern is dominant in classroom interaction through different subject. The design of the research used qualitative research. To answer the problem of study, the data collected through the following instrument: observation, recording and interviewing which were analyzed by using Sinclair and Coulthard model and a concept of teaching. The results of this research were the following, (a) it was found that in English and Mathematics classroom discourse, as the IR (Initiation-Response) was used more often by teachers and I (Initiation) was used by students in English classroom then IF (Initiation-Feedback) was used by students in Mathematics classroom, (b) the reason why the IRF pattern dominantly appeared based on teacher’s performance which dominantly initiated questions and information was affected by the presage category and context category then the students’ performance which dominantly responded the teachers’ questions and information was affected by the students’ thought processes category.Key words: Classroom interaction, classroom discourse, Sinclair and Coulthard Model, IRF Pattern.

scholarly journals Application of Data Mining in Library-Based Personalized Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personalized Learning ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Book Price ◽  
Dbscan Algorithm ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Library Resources

this paper expounds to mine up data with the DBSCAN algorithm in order to help teachers and students find which books they expect in the sea of library. In the first place, the model that DBSCAN algorithm applies in library data miner is proposed, followed by the DBSCAN algorithm improved on demands. In the end, an experiment is cited herein to validate this algorithm. The results show that the book price and the inventory level in the library produce a less impact on the resultant aggregation than the classification of books and the frequency of book borrowings. Library procurers should therefore purchase and subscribe data based on the results from cluster analysis thereby to improve hierarchies and structure distribution of library resources, forging on the library resources to be more scientific and reasonable, while it is also conducive to arousing readers' borrowing interest.

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic neurocognitive subgroups and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a cohort study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Crouse ◽  
Kate M. Chitty ◽  
Frank Iorfino ◽  
Joanne S. Carpenter ◽  
Django White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Neurocognitive Test

Background Neurocognitive impairments robustly predict functional outcome. However, heterogeneity in neurocognition is common within diagnostic groups, and data-driven analyses reveal homogeneous neurocognitive subgroups cutting across diagnostic boundaries. Aims To determine whether data-driven neurocognitive subgroups of young people with emerging mental disorders are associated with 3-year functional course. Method Model-based cluster analysis was applied to neurocognitive test scores across nine domains from 629 young people accessing mental health clinics. Cluster groups were compared on demographic, clinical and substance-use measures. Mixed-effects models explored associations between cluster-group membership and socio-occupational functioning (using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) over 3 years, adjusted for gender, premorbid IQ, level of education, depressive, positive, negative and manic symptoms, and diagnosis of a primary psychotic disorder. Results Cluster analysis of neurocognitive test scores derived three subgroups described as ‘normal range’ (n = 243, 38.6%), ‘intermediate impairment’ (n = 252, 40.1%), and ‘global impairment’ (n = 134, 21.3%). The major mental disorder categories (depressive, anxiety, bipolar, psychotic and other) were represented in each neurocognitive subgroup. The global impairment subgroup had lower functioning for 3 years of follow-up; however, neither the global impairment (B = 0.26, 95% CI −0.67 to 1.20; P = 0.581) or intermediate impairment (B = 0.46, 95% CI −0.26 to 1.19; P = 0.211) subgroups differed from the normal range subgroup in their rate of change in functioning over time. Conclusions Neurocognitive impairment may follow a continuum of severity across the major syndrome-based mental disorders, with data-driven neurocognitive subgroups predictive of functional course. Of note, the global impairment subgroup had longstanding functional impairment despite continuing engagement with clinical services.

Can vocabulary lessons increase the amount of complex syntax produced by head start teachers? A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Owen Van Horne ◽  
Maura Curran ◽  
Jessica Hall
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Complex Syntax ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Cognitive Verbs ◽  
Simple Sentences

In this pilot study, we examine the suitability of materials for a vocabulary intervention designed to influence the amount of complex syntax teachers use in at-risk preschool classrooms. Six Head Start classrooms were assigned to one of two vocabulary interventions: a condition using cognitive verbs, which are biased toward complex syntax (e.g. pretend), or a control condition using action verbs, which are biased towards simple sentences (e.g. identify). Consistent with our hypotheses, teachers in the cognitive verb condition used higher rates of complex syntax than those in the action verb condition while our materials were in use. Teacher acceptability and use data indicate that verb characteristics affect frequency of use and perceived benefit of intervention materials. Implications for the development of interventions targeting complex syntax use in at-risk children are discussed, including factors likely to support fidelity of implementation in the classroom.

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