The Politics of Hsia-hsiang Youth

1974 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 491-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gordon White
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Ideological And Political Education ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

This paper sets out to examine various aspects of the contemporary Chinese social system and their political implications by studying the social and political attitudes of a subgroup of Chinese society. The general area of interest is social stratification in China: the bases of social differentiation in the new society and how these are perceived by its citizens; the extent to which changes in the structure of society have been accompanied by changes in social attitudes; the extent to which ideological campaigns to change attitudes have been successful; the limitations placed by the stratified nature of society in its transitional stage of socialism on the effectiveness of ideological and political education.

scholarly journals Linguistic Expression of the Social Stratification of Chinese Urban Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kotelnikova ◽  
Elena Bakumova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
The Social

The purpose of the article is to consider newly-emerging Chinese nominations of social groups, largely reflecting the development trends of modern Chinese urban society. The investigation is done from the perspective of urban communication studies. The social structure of the modern Chinese urban space is a self-developing system, the transformation processes of which are determined by many social and economic factors. Consequently, the dynamic social modernization of Chinese megacities is undoubtedly reflected in the vocabulary, the most susceptible to any changes in the life of society. This is manifested in a significant expansion of the semantic class of words associated with social stratification. The material for this study was neologisms, which denote social groups differentiated according to their life style. As a result, recent appearance of a large number of such neologisms in Chinese speaks about the dynamics of changes in modern Chinese urban society, about diversifying the lifestyles of citizens. All of the neologisms under consideration, having first emerged in the Internet, became widespread in Chinese society due to their active use of the media, which are the first to respond to changes in the development of society, contribute to the assessment of the surrounding reality, introduce new concepts and names of phenomena into a wide circulation. The new nominations of social groups are distinguished on the basis of the life-style criterion reflect transformations in the lifestyle of modern citizens, based on changes not only in socio-economic conditions, but also in mentality, as well as value orientations. The study of these lexical units allows us to trace the influence of the processes of globalization, modernization and urbanization on modern Chinese urban society, to identify the main trends in its development.

scholarly journals A New Class in a Transforming Society. [Rev.] Toshchenko Zh.T. Prekariat: ot protoklassa k novomu klassu. Monografija. [Prekariat: From protoclass to a New Class. Monograph.] Moscow: Nauka publ., 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Vozmitel
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Social

The author of the reviewed monograph argues that social classes have not disappeared, but rather they have acquired new qualities and parameters. Thus J.T. Toschenko shows the need for a new approach towards analyzing social stratification. This analysis should be based not on “income, education and social status, but it should include such new factors as guaranteed sustained employment, the availability of social protection, preserving professional identity, participating in governance and confidence in the future”. The group of people who are deprived of any social achievements is going to keep growing. The author uses the term “the precariat” for those persons who lack any legal guarantees or legal protection of their basic needs. The precariat is characterised by multiple deprivation, which has never been observed on this scale before. The monograph aims at highlighting the main reasons for the emergence of this “protoclass”. The main reason being the turbulence, the inconsistency and the distortion of social processes, which lead to a traumatized society, it being a result of long-term degradation and the social system withering away.

Segregation, Caste and Cash: Segrenomics in Detroit

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noliwe Rooks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social System ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Segregated Schools ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Though in other countries caste is generally understood to name social stratification based on ethnic and/or religious affiliation, in the United States, racial and economic segregation in housing and education are the factors that trap one to the lower rungs of the social system in that nation. Significantly, these caste making levels of segregation are “cash making” for wealthy business concerns. In my earlier work, I have referred to this profit from segregation as, “segrenomics.” In this piece, I offer an example of the mechanics of these relationships relative to segregated schools, caste, and cash making in the city of Detroit, Michigan.

scholarly journals “A Real China” on User-Generated Videos? Audio-Visual Narratives of Confucianism

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Cultural Displacement ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Confucian Values ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Beneath the “Chinese successful story”, social stratification, class polarization, and cultural displacement have been accelerated. The Chinese Communist Party has not found a coherent solution to the challenges of reconciling social interests, since Communism has been more and more becoming mere “lip service”. However, it has been claimed that Confucian values can provide sources to dissolve the downsides of modernization in contemporary Chinese society. This study intends to investigate the revival of Confucianism, as a source for criticism and construction in Chinese socio-culture, as portrayed in user-generated videos which are produced/consumed by the largest Internet using population in the world, under the Chinese authoritarian regime which controls over communication. By means of a thematic audio-visual narrative analysis, this study has investigated 20 hours of Youku Paike videos published between 2007 and 2013. It has been detected:  (1) about one third of the user-generated videos can be interpreted as Confucian thematic narratives; and there is a slightly increasing trend portraying Confucian values; (2) Confucianism can become a source for the formation of a new online socio-culture, in the circumstances of China’s modernization and cyberization, to advocate social actors’ cultivation and humanity’s flourishing.

scholarly journals Teaching Transnational Buddhist Meditation with Vipassanā (Neiguan 內觀) and Mindfulness (Zhengnian 正念) for Healing Depression in Contemporary China

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Ngar-sze Lau
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Buddhist Meditation ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meditation Retreat ◽  
Vipassana Meditation ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

This paper examines how the teaching of embodied practices of transnational Buddhist meditation has been designated for healing depression explicitly in contemporary Chinese Buddhist communities with the influences of Buddhist modernism in Southeast Asia and globalization. Despite the revival of traditional Chan school meditation practices since the Open Policy, various transnational lay meditation practices, such as vipassanā and mindfulness, have been popularized in monastic and lay communities as a trendy way to heal physical and mental suffering in mainland China. Drawing from a recent ethnographic study of a meditation retreat held at a Chinese Buddhist monastery in South China, this paper examines how Buddhist monastics have promoted a hybrid mode of embodied Buddhist meditation practices, mindfulness and psychoanalytic exercises for healing depression in lay people. With analysis of the teaching and approach of the retreat guided by well-educated Chinese meditation monastics, I argue that some young generation Buddhist communities have contributed to giving active responses towards the recent yearning for individualized bodily practices and the social trend of the “subjective turn” and self-reflexivity in contemporary Chinese society. The hybrid inclusion of mindfulness exercises from secular programs and psychoanalytic exercises into a vipassanā meditation retreat may reflect an attempt to re-contextualize meditation in Chinese Buddhism.

Press Accounts and the Study of Chinese Society

1979 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 568-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Walder
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Total Immersion ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Good Research

Students of contemporary Chinese society must confront early in their training a problem that has become a dominant feature of their area of interest: the scarcity and crudity of useful information. Most successful efforts to cope with this central problem have been based on the sound strategy articulated by such practitioners as Michel Oksenberg and Martin Whyte: intimate familiarity with the variety of sources available, and a careful cross-checking between them for consistency. Good research on China, as a result, is often a function both of total immersion in existing sources and of an active sociological imagination. The field has apparently been blessed with people who have both of these attributes in abundance: not only is there a large body of sound descriptive and analytical work, but there also exists a number of competing, theoretically-important hypotheses about social processes in China since the Revolution.

scholarly journals LAPISAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Mita Rosaliza
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
High Class ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Frequency Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social System Analysis

Admitted or denied, the gap in life which leads to the strata in society can be found in any society. The social strata and its consequence is the phenomenon of urban society which is universal, including Bengkalis society. It can easily be seen in the daily life of its people. Each person can place him/herself and be placed by others in certain social strata. Social stratification is one of the elements of social system analysis. Social stratification pattern develops and is realized in various forms influenced by complexity of a society. In this analysis, the data collected based on Rogers’ (1960) social stratification measurement method, i.e objective and subjective measurement. Different criteria used may result on different strata formed which can be seen on respondents’ frequency level on each social strata. Objective criteria consists of the measurements on education, income, power, prestige, type of house, number of children, resident-owned status. Based on objective criteria, by using combined index, from 65 chosen respondents, there are 30 respondents or 46.15% respondents placed in high class and 35 respondents or 53.85% are placed in low class. Respondents who subjectively identify themselves on high class are 12 people or 40 % and on low class are 18 respondents from 30 highclass respondents or about 60%. Those data conclude that social stratification in Bengkalis society is a heterogeneous urban society. The form of social stratification is caused by economic factor, because this factor exactly differentiates people from different kinds of jobs.

Villains, Victims and Morals in Contemporary Chinese Literature

1971 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revolutionary Romanticism ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Source Materials

Novels reflect social realities at given times and under given conditions. When the direct survey method cannot be applied to the study of Chinese society, novels constitute one of the available sources from which useful information concerning the structure, order and conditions of society and interpersonal relations may be inferred. However, the difficulty of reconstructing the social conduct of Chinese people from such elusive source materials is enhanced since Communist novels reflect less the realities as they are than the realities as they should be. The theory of the combination of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism demands that the plots and characters must be “romanticized” to give a picture of the society corresponding to the needs of ideology. Even if this is so, the stories still have to be based on social realities for the readers to appreciate them. A somewhat modified interpretation holds that romanticization is based on the foundation of realism. It is from the discernment of this element of realism in Chinese Communist fiction that we may attempt to reconstruct the nature of Chinese society.

Humour and TikTok memes during the 2020 pandemic lockdown: Tensions of gender and care faced by Chinese mothers working from home

2021 ◽  
pp. 0920203X2110496
Author(s):  
Xiao Han ◽  
Giselinde Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

This article examines a humorous meme that emerged on Chinese TikTok during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Using #workfromhomewithchildcare, Chinese working mothers shared humorous clips of their experience of working from home with their children who were also at home during the pandemic lockdown. By analysing the themes, protagonists, and humour techniques of a sample of 85 videos, we ask why the mood of these clips is so strongly marked by humour, and what this tells us about contemporary Chinese society, particularly about the position of women and mothers. We show that these memetic clips consist of three distinct genres of mothers working from home: (1) ‘balancing mothers’ who balance between work and childcare, (2) ‘pedagogic mothers’ who give childcare tips, and (3) ‘commercially oriented’ mothers who offer tutorials by means of product placement and advertisement. While these memes express what Mary Douglas called ‘a joke in the social structure’ without offering either relief or critique, they do create an online joking culture that offers temporary relief as well as awareness that others are in the same position. Our analysis tempers enthusiastic claims about both the critical potential of humour and the new ‘liberating’ affordances offered by digital platforms to produce liberating female spaces.

From Chicago to Shenzhen, via Birmingham

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Ray Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Urban Conflict ◽  
Meaning Of Home ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

The ownership of residential property has always been a focus for urban conflict and a key source of advantage and disadvantage-in terms of location and social status. Park`s Chicago was a city conceived of as having a hierarchy of housing situations with a distinct spatial pattern. Rex and Moore`s Birmingham of the 1960s developed these ideas through a Weberian conception of housing classes and greater attention to institutional gatekeepers. This chapter argues that their argument that the competition for housing contributes to a particular form of social stratification finds new resonance in the contemporary Chinese city. The narrative traverses over a century in considering the ways in which the competition for housing in cities of migrants involves common processes but also quite distinct experiences and outcomes. Over space and time, the meaning of home ownership has changed as has the nature and role of zones of transition for migrants and those on the social margins. The ownership of residential property has always been a focus for urban conflict and a key source of advantage and disadvantage-in terms of location and social status. Park`s Chicago was a city conceived of as having a hierarchy of housing situations with a distinct spatial pattern. Rex and Moore`s Birmingham of the 1960s developed these ideas through a Weberian conception of housing classes and greater attention to institutional gatekeepers. This chapter argues that their argument that the competition for housing contributes to a particular form of social stratification finds new resonance in the contemporary Chinese city. The narrative traverses over a century in considering the ways in which the competition for housing in cities of migrants involves common processes but also quite distinct experiences and outcomes. Over space and time, the meaning of home ownership has changed as has the nature and role of zones of transition for migrants and those on the social margins.

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