Villains, Victims and Morals in Contemporary Chinese Literature

1971 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Revolutionary Romanticism ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Source Materials

Novels reflect social realities at given times and under given conditions. When the direct survey method cannot be applied to the study of Chinese society, novels constitute one of the available sources from which useful information concerning the structure, order and conditions of society and interpersonal relations may be inferred. However, the difficulty of reconstructing the social conduct of Chinese people from such elusive source materials is enhanced since Communist novels reflect less the realities as they are than the realities as they should be. The theory of the combination of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism demands that the plots and characters must be “romanticized” to give a picture of the society corresponding to the needs of ideology. Even if this is so, the stories still have to be based on social realities for the readers to appreciate them. A somewhat modified interpretation holds that romanticization is based on the foundation of realism. It is from the discernment of this element of realism in Chinese Communist fiction that we may attempt to reconstruct the nature of Chinese society.

scholarly journals A Behavioural Study on the Influences of Confucianism in Chinese Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Zhang Jielin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
World History ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Confucius (551-479 BC) is considered to be a great philosopher and educator in Chinese society and one of the greatest scholars ever in world history. He was the founder of Confucianism, which constitutes a major part of traditional Chinese culture and made tremendous contribution to the unfolding of Chinese civilization over the centuries. In this study, the authors have presented a comprehensive outline of Confucianism and have attempted to gauge the attitude of contemporary Chinese people towards Confucian concepts, values and attributes as well as their influences on the social lives of present-day Chinese population. The Likert Scale was applied in the study to assess the attitude of the Chinese educated class belonging to the educational institutions like the universities in Beijing towards Confucianism. It was found from the survey that the Confucian concepts still wield substantial influence on the social outlook of the modern-day Chinese people and these attributes are still relevant in the day to day lives of the Chinese society. Philosophy and Progress, Vol#61-62; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2017 P 109-132

Strategy to motivate and facilitate compromise in Chinese mediation

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiheng Deng ◽  
Kaibin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Language Strategies ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
External Reasons

Purpose – This paper aims to explore language strategies and techniques in Chinese mediation that are adopted by mediators to motivate and facilitate compromise among disputants. Design/methodology/approach – Ten cases were audio-recorded on the spot, transcribed for analysis in their Chinese form, and then translated into English for English readers. The translation of excerpts used in this paper to demonstrate points was double checked to ensure accuracy. Discourse analysis was adopted to explore the meanings and functions of the utterances in these excerpts. Findings – It is found that power is embedded in the mediator's position and in his/her role in the mediation. Furthermore, neutrality is less of a concern as compared to justice in the mediator's terms. Finally, socio-cultural indications of the language strategies and techniques were drawn about contemporary Chinese society. Practical implications – When dealing with Chinese people in conflict, one may emphasize common goals and bring in external reasons such as seniority, face, and status to motivate and facilitate compromise. Originality/value – Studying transcripts of cases that were recorded in real time and recently is rare in studies of Chinese mediation. Studying what people actually say provides us data in reality, in contrast to the ideals as well as what they say they do in mediation.

Food Safety and Social Risk in Contemporary China

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxiang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
And Control ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Food-safety problems constitute a new, urgent, and multifaceted challenge to Chinese people, society, and the state, involving a number of social, political, and ethical issues beyond those of food safety, nutrition, and health. In light of Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society, this article examines food-safety problems in contemporary Chinese society at the levels of food hygiene, unsafe food, and poisonous foods and argues that food-safety problems not only affect the lives of Chinese people in harmful ways but also pose a number of manufactured risks that are difficult to calculate and control. More importantly, food-safety problems in China have contributed to a rapid decline of social trust, thus posing a risk of distrust that has far-reaching social and political ramifications. In this sense, a risk society has already arrived in China but it comes with certain local characteristics and poses some new theoretical questions.

The Politics of Hsia-hsiang Youth

1974 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 491-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gordon White
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Ideological And Political Education ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

This paper sets out to examine various aspects of the contemporary Chinese social system and their political implications by studying the social and political attitudes of a subgroup of Chinese society. The general area of interest is social stratification in China: the bases of social differentiation in the new society and how these are perceived by its citizens; the extent to which changes in the structure of society have been accompanied by changes in social attitudes; the extent to which ideological campaigns to change attitudes have been successful; the limitations placed by the stratified nature of society in its transitional stage of socialism on the effectiveness of ideological and political education.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR DALAM RITUAL DI KELENTENG BAN ENG BIO ADIWERNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titin Listiyani
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Temple

Keberadaan Kelenteng Ban Eng Bio yang terletak di tengah-tengah pemukiman penduduk Tionghoa dan non Tionghoa yang berbeda agama banyak membawa pengaruh. Salah satunya adalah dalam pelaksanaan ritual yang dilakukan di Kelenteng. Pelaksanaan ritual di Kelenteng tidak hanya melibatkan masyarakat Tionghoa yang berada di sekitar Kelenteng, tetapi juga masyarakat non Tionghoa yang berada di sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji bagaimana pelaksanaan ritual yang dilakukan di Kelenteng Ban Eng Bio dalam membentuk solidaritas sosial, serta bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat Tionghoa dan non Tionghoa sekitar Kelenteng dalam ritual di Kelenteng Ban Eng Bio terhadap upaya pengembangan integrasi sosial. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan ritual yang dilakukan di Kelenteng melibatkan masyarakat Tionghoa dan non Tionghoa baik sebagai pendukung, pengaman maupun penonton, sehingga terjadi suatu solidaritas sosial diantara mereka. Partisipasi masyarakat non Tionghoa dan Tionghoa dapat meningkatkan integrasi sosial masyarakat khususnya di Desa Adiwerna. Keterlibatan masyarakat sekitar kelenteng khususnya masyarakat non Tionghoa dalam ritual masyarakat Tionghoa diupayakan tidak mengarah pada terjadinya percampuran agama yang dianggap bisa menumbuhkan masalah baru dalam hubungan antar umat beragama.The location of Ban Eng Bio temple in the middle of the Chinese and non-Chinese residences , with different religious backgrounds, brings many influences. One of them is the influence on the rituals performed in the temple. The implementation of the ritual in the temple does not only involve the Chinese community around the temple, but also non-Chinese communities in the surrounding areas. The objective of this reasearch is to study how rituals performed at the Ban Eng Bio temple  and the participation of non-Chinese and Chinese communities around the temple forms solidarity and social integration. The methods of research is a qualitative approach and data was collected through observation, interview and documentation. The research reveals that the rituals done in the temple involve non-Chinese and Chinese communities either as supporters, workers, or viewers, resulting in the strengthening of social solidarity among them. The participation of non-Chinese and Chinese society also improves the social integration of people, especially in the Village  of Adiwerna. The involvement of communities around the temples, especially non-Chinese people in Chinese society ritual does not lead into the mixing of religion because it can grow a new problem in inter-religious relations.

scholarly journals Rekonstruksi Identitas Ke-“Tionghoa”-an dalam Film Indie Pasca-Suharto

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Umilia Rokhani ◽  
Aprinus Salam ◽  
Ida Rochani-Adi
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
External Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
The One

AbstrakKe-“tionghoa”-an  senantiasa menjadi hal yang dipermasalahkan di Indonesia. Hal ini mengacu pada identitas ke-“tionghoa”-an yang selalu  diformulasikan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, baik oleh masyarakat Tionghoa  itu sendiri maupun masyarakat non-Tionghoa. Upaya formulasi tersebut dimunculkan melalui berbagai wacana yang muncul baik perdebatan publik maupun berbagai karya mengenai kehidupan masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia seperti dalam film. Metode yang dipakai mempergunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme sosial. Dalam hal ini, makna-makna subjektif dikaji atas pengalaman-pengalaman kehidupan masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia melalui representasi film indie. Representasi tersebut dikaji tidak hanya melalui  makna karya semata, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan unsur sejarah sebagai salah satu penentu alat produksi dan reproduksi. Hal ini dilakukan dengan tujuan agar diperoleh gambaran latar belakang yang kompleks mengenai kondisi historikal dan kultural kehidupan masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia. Gambaran yang kompleks tersebut akan membantu dalam menafsirkan makna-makna yang terkandung dalam karya film indie sebagai suatu hasil produksi dan reproduksi dari gambaran kehidupan masyarakat Tionghoa sebenarnya. Identitas masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia terbentuk baik dari pandangan eksternal maupun internal, sudut pandang formal maupun informal. Sudut pandang eksternal dilihat dari sisi luar masyarakat Tionghoa, sedangkan sudut pandang internal merupakan sudut pandang masyarakat Tionghoa membentuk jati dirinya sendiri. Identitas yang dibentuk secara formal terkait dengan peraturan perundangan yang diberlakukan di Indonesia sedangkan secara informal merupakan identitas yang dikembangkan melalui kolaborasi budaya bersifat mana suka (arbitrerness) yang pada akhirnya membentuk identitas baru yang tumbuh dari konteks ruang-antara masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia. Abstract The Reconstruction of Tionghoaness Identity in Indonesian Indie Movies in the Era of Post-Suharto. ‘Being a Chinese’ has always been an issue in Indonesia. It refers to the identities of ‘being a Chinese’ that were formulated by Indonesian people, both by the half-Chinese Indonesians and non half-Chinese Indonesians. The efforts in formulating those identities were mediated by various discourses found in public debates and works of arts represented the Chinese society life in Indonesia, such as in films. In this research, the social constructivism approach was applied. The experiences in life traversed by the Chinese society in Indonesia depicted in indie movies were studied to get the subjective meanings. The representations were not scrutinized merely from the meaning, but also by considering the historical aspects as, among others, the determinant factor of the means of production and reproduction. It was carried out to get the full picture of complicated background about the historical and cultural conditions of the Chinese people in Indonesia. The complicated depiction will be very beneficial in interpreting the meanings of the indie movies as a result of production and reproduction of the real life experienced by the Chinese society. The identity of Chinese people in Indonesia was shaped by the internal and external perspectives, by the formal and non formal point of views. The external point of view was the one given by the non Chinese people, whereas the internal was how the Chinese view themselves. The formally built identity was related to the laws applied in Indonesia. Arbitrary cultural collaborations informally developed the new Chinese identity that grew from the spatial contexts between the Chinese people in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Between Sinology and Socialism: Collective Memory of Czech Sinologists in the 1950s

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 116-133
Author(s):  
Ter-Hsing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Overseas Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

This paper intends to explore the collective memory of Czech sinologists in the 1950s based on the political zone between sinology and socialism. Czech sinological development in the 1950s was grounded on the personal factor of Prusek and the socialist transformation of new China. Socialist China offers two possibilities for the development of sinology, the first for friendly relations among socialist countries, including overseas students, and the second for studies of contemporary Chinese literature. The developmental framework of Czech sinology in the 1950s, or the social framework of collective memory for the Czech sinologists should be understood in the region under the mutual penetration of sinology and socialist China. This paper, firstly, discusses the background framework of constructing the Czech sinologists in the 1950s— the link between new China and the other socialist countries, and the relation between Prusek and socialist China. Secondly, this paper will analyze Czech sinological experiences in the 1950s through Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory.Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.19 2014: 116-133

Peranakan Chinese’s Literature in Doenia Baroe Magazine (1930)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Risa Junita Sari ◽  
Wannofri Samry ◽  
Yudhi Andoni
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
New World ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
History Of Literature

Doenia Baroe Magazine (1930) is a press media of Peranakan Chinese that contains a lot of literature from various genre. The purpose of this study is to explain themes, forms and orientation of Peranakan Chinese’s literature, so that might explain author’s idea of literary works.Literature from Doenia Baroe Magazine has become the overview of history of literature that written by Peranakan Chinese that use historical methodology. Chinese literature in Doenia Baroe Magazine are influenced by the identity tendency as Chinese people which brings out rendering literary works. Literature from Doenia Baroe Magazine are adaptive to the modernity of colonial environment without needed to remove their ancestral heritage. Literary works in Doenia Baru Magazine has various genres such as short story, feuilleton and poem that implicitly show the author’s new world. Peranakan Chinese’s literature has not just become the social reflection but also implies political identity of the era.The result of this study, the beginning of chinese’s literature is relevant with mentality of the era that affects the author’s idea.

scholarly journals Moral diversification and moral agency: contesting business ethics among Chinese e-commerce traders

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linliang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business People ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

AbstractScholarship on morality in contemporary Chinese society is divided. Some studies concur with the public discourse that a moral crisis is occurring. Others argue that there has been a continuity or revival of morality. By examining the divergent ethical trajectories of Chinese e-commerce traders in their business encounters, this study identifies more complicated moral states in these business people, who join a newly emerging industry but are undifferentiated from other ordinary Chinese people in terms of their political, social, and cultural backgrounds. The coexistence of moral, immoral, and morally divided personhoods indicates the diversification of the understandings and practices of morality in Chinese society. This article suggests that this diversification has roots in the moral agency of Chinese individuals, which comes into being in a relatively free space that has been created both by China’s changing sociopolitical structure and by people’s strategies and tactics in everyday life.

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