Oestrus detection in dairy cows by milk temperature measurement

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 135-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fordham ◽  
T.T. McCarthy ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Considerable Economic Loss

The efficiency of oestrus detection is probably the most important factor determining the profitability of the dairy farming enterprise. With current trends towards larqer herds and fewer stockmen, achieving a 365 day calving interval has become increasingly difficult, with each oestrus missed representing considerable economic loss (Esslemont and Bryant, 1976). This highlights the need for an accurate method of oestrus detectionAn experiment was undertaken to evaluate the use of milk temperature as a method of oestrus detection.

scholarly journals Hormonal Profile Study of Bangladeshi Crossbred Dairy Cows in Relation to Repeat Breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Profile Study ◽  
Repeat Breeder

The repeat breeding condition affects both the fertility of cows and the economy of farmers and the nation. Normal levels of various biochemical constituents are indispensable for the normal functioning of various body systems of animals, including the reproductive system. The hormonal profile is an indicator of the reproductive status and aids in the prognosis and restoration of animal fertility. The present study explores the implication of four hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin) on the normal cycle breeding process of Bangladeshi normal cyclic cows and repeat breeder dairy cows. Among four hormones, the levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactin were significantly different between the normal cyclic cows and repeat breeder cows. The assessment of hormonal profile aids in ameliorating the repeat breeding conditions of the dairy cows. The findings of the present study could be applied in overcoming repeat breeding problems in dairy cows and thus, economic loss could be lessened.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Reproduction in Population of the Slovak Spotted Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1426
Author(s):  
Jozef Bujko ◽  
Juraj Candrák ◽  
Peter Strapák ◽  
Július Žitný ◽  
Cyril Hrnčár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Actual Computation ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Basic Statistical Analysis

The aim of study was to analyse the reproduction and factors affecting on reproduction traits of dairy cows in population of Slovak Spotted cattle from 2007 to 2016 the results for 37,274 dairy cows: days to first service (DFS), days open (DO), number of inseminations per conception (NIC), age of first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). The basic statistical analysis were analysed using the SAS version 9.3. For the actual computation a linear models with fixed effects was used: For the actual computation a linear models with fixed effects was used: yijklm = μ + HYSi + BTj+ Fk+ Bl +eijklm. The linear model represents coefficients determination R2 = 0.452117% (P < 0.001) for DFS, R2 = 0.377715% (P < 0.001) for DO, R2 = 0.348442% (P < 0.001) for NIC and R2 = 0.317128% (P < 0.001) for CI with all fixed effects. Correlation coefficients among DFS with DO, NIC, AFC and CI were r = 0.37275, r = -0.06881, r = 0.06493 and r = 0.08348. These coefficients were highly statistically significant (P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Investigation of Effective Factors on Calving Interval of Cows in Faryab Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Saifullah Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Research Area ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of factors (Identification of female cows, timely insemination of identified begging cows, diseases related to the reproductive system and nutrition) on the calving interval of dairy cows in Faryab province. Whereas, the long interval between two deliveries due to the identification of female cows, the increase in the number of inseminations (due to the failure of previous insemination), poor nutritional management and genital infections cause a long interval between calving to retrieval of cows. In that case, it will significantly reduce milk production and livestock income, because calving interval is one of the most important indicators of reproduction and economic characteristics of dairy cows, which is the interval between two calving intervals. Under the best of circumstances, one cow gives birth to only one calf per year. Calves born are important from both the point of view of meat production and replacement of old and low-producing cows. Identifying the effective factors and their effects on the calving interval between dairy cows and preventing the economic losses of dairy farmers due to increasing the calving interval between calves are the general purpose of this research. In this research, Andkhoy, Qurghan and other Faryab districts were randomly selected from three villages in each district and 10 owners from each village, which included three districts, 9 villages and nine livestock, respectively. The results of the present research showed that the interval between calving of dairy cows in the research area was due to the untimely identification of female cows by herders, increasing the number of inseminations due to the failure of previous inseminations of diseases related to the reproductive system and inadequate nutrition. The average time after delivery for the uterus to return to its previous state was 465 days.

Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fahey ◽  
John M. Morton ◽  
Martin J. Auldist ◽  
Keith L. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.

Effects of calving age, breed fraction and month of calving on calving interval and survival across parities in Irish spring-calving dairy cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Evans ◽  
M. Wallace ◽  
D.J. Garrick ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
D.P. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Calving Interval

The rationale for extended lactations in dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C H Knight
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Do So ◽  
Intensive System

State of the art milk production encourages an intensive system of maximising peak milk yield and minimising calving interval, epitomized by the 40 kg peak daily production and 10,000 kg 305 d lactation yield of a well bred, well fed Holstein. Given good management, milk yield typically declines at approximately 2% per week. It requires only a simple calculation to show, therefore, that this same cow would still be yielding around 20 kg of milk daily at 2 months before calving. The dilemma for the farmer is whether to dry her off or not, and if he is sensible he will probably do so. However, if he is really clever he will then change his rebreeding policy!

A simulation study of the effects of the calving interval on milk yields of dairy cows in fixed time periods

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Genizi ◽  
H. Schindler ◽  
S. Amir ◽  
S. Eger ◽  
M. Zarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Linear Decline

AbstractMultiparous cows were assigned before calving to three calving to first insemination intervals. Records of cows conceiving at first or second insemination, were used to construct a model of the lactation curve which incorporated peak production and the effect of progressing pregnancy. The model was used to simulate milk yield during a 4-year period for three production levels and five calving intervals. The model separated the descending part of the lactation curve into a linearly and an exponentially declining component, with the latter becoming distinct at about 20 weeks after conception. Peak yield was negatively correlated with the slope of the linear decline. Within a simulated 4-year period, cumulative milk yields at fixed time periods after calving depended upon the period chosen and the calving-to-conception interval of the cow. Late conceptions resulted in higher cumulative yields at the end of the 1st year, and in lower yields at the 2nd year end, with respect to early conceptions. Smaller differences were found between the intermediate calving intervals. During the 3rd and 4th years the early conceptions had a distinct advantage. Different rates of the linear decline, obtained for the different production levels, changed the magnitude of the yield differences between the calving intervals but not their relative ranking. The model presented offers a means for the suitable choice of the calving cycle according to the length of the period for which a cow is expected to remain in the herd.

scholarly journals Antagonism in the carbon footprint between beef and dairy production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
MM Scholtz ◽  
J Du Toit ◽  
FWC Neser
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Cow Calf

Primary beef cattle farming in South Africa is largely extensive, whereas dairy farming is based on both total mixed ration and pasture production systems. Under natural rangeland conditions, decomposition of manure is aerobic, which produces carbon dioxide (CO2), part of which is absorbed by the regrowth of vegetation rather than released into the atmosphere, and water (H2O) as end products. Thus the cow releases methane (CH4) and the manure CO2. This is in contrast to intensive cow-calf systems in large parts of Europe and North America, where large quantities of manure are stockpiled and undergo anaerobic decomposition and produce CH4. Thus both the cow and the manure release CH4, which result in a higher carbon footprint than the extensive cow-calf systems. In dairy farming, increasing cow efficiency through intensive feeding (same kg milk output by fewer animals) can reduce farm CH4 production by up to 15%. In addition, when differences in productivity are accounted for, pasture systems require more resources (land, feed, water, etc.) per unit of milk produced and the carbon footprint is greater than that of intensive systems. This raises the question as to why the carbon footprint of intensive dairy cow production systems is less, but the carbon footprint of intensive beef cow-calf production systems is higher. The explanation lies in the differences in production levels. In the case of beef cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 30% higher than that of the extensive cows, and the weaning weight of their calves will also differ by ± 30%. In the case of dairy cows the weight of the intensive cows will be ± 20% higher, but their milk production will be ± 60% higher. The higher increase in production (milk) of intensive dairy cows, compared to the increase in production (calf weight) of intensive beef cows, explains the antagonism in the carbon footprint between different beef and dairy production systems. Unfortunately, carbon sequestration estimates have been neglected and thus the quantitative effects of these differences are not known.Keywords: Cow-calf production, methane, pasture production, production levels, total mixed ration

Listeriosis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Considerable Economic Loss

Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system (CNS) or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the foetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in-utero. In non-pregnant animals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis. In humans, infection most often occurs in the immunocompromised and elderly, and to a lesser extent the pregnant woman, the unborn, or the newly delivered infant. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, however 20–40% of human cases are fatal..In domestic animals (especially in sheep and goats) listeriosis usually presents as encephalitis, abortion, or septicaemia, and is a cause of considerable economic loss.The genus Listeria comprises six species of Gram-positive bacteria. Almost all cases of listeriosis are due to Listeria monocytogenes although up to 10% of cases in sheep are due to Listeria ivanovii.Listeriae are ubiquitous in the environment worldwide, especially in sites with decaying organic vegetable material. Many animals carry the organism in the faeces without serious infection. The consumption of contaminated food or feed is the principal route of transmission for both humans and animals, however other means of transmission occur.Human listeriosis is rare (<1 to > 10 cases per million people in North America and Western Europe), but because of the high mortality rate, it is amongst the most important causes of death from food-borne infections in industrialized countries. In the UK, human listeriosis is the biggest single cause of death from a preventable food-borne disease. Listeriosis in domestic animals is a cause of considerable economic loss. Control measures should be directed towards both to exclude Listeria from food or feed as well as inhibiting its multiplication and survival. Silage which is spoiled or mouldy should not be used, and care should be taken to maintain anaerobic conditions for as long as possible.Dietary advice is available for disease prevention, particularly targeted at ‘at risk’ individuals to modify their diet to avoid eating specific foods such as soft cheese and pâté.

scholarly journals 300 Efficacy of the measurements of the vaginal electrical resistance to determine the phase of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Martin G Maquivar ◽  
John Swain ◽  
Hannah Chiapetta ◽  
Tynnetta Stumvoll ◽  
Katelin Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

Abstract Estrus detection in dairy cattle is an important factor that contributes to the reproductive efficiency. Lack and inaccuracy of heat detection are associated with increased days open, calving interval, economic loss and culling due to infertility. Efforts have been made to identify methods to assist in estrus detection. The objective of this study was to examine if vaginal electrical resistance (VER) measured by a commercial probe throughout the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows aids to determine the onset of estrus. A total of 9 lactating Holstein cows were monitored for 2 – 3 estrous cycles, ultrasonography of the ovary, blood sample for progesterone and VER was assessed every other day during the luteal phase (LUT) and every day during the follicular phase (FOL). A total of 339 VER measurements were collected, 66 during the FOL phase and 273 corresponded to the LUT phase. Mean VER differed (P &lt; 0.001) between FOL (294.5 ± 51.3) and LUT (316.4 ± 46.2), similarly the progesterone concentration was different between the LUT and FOL phases (0.38 ± 0.24 ng/mL vs. 3.41 ± 2.08 ng/mL, respectively) (P &lt; 0.001). No differences were observed between the vaginal temperature of cows in LUT (38.2 ± 0.4 C°) or FOL phase (38.3 ± 0.3 C°). Cervix diameter differed (P &lt; 0.01) between FOL (35.9 ± 3.8 mm) and LUT (34.5 ± 3.4mm), VER has a significant relation (P &lt; 0.001) with the diameter of the Corpus luteum (279.8 + 1.54 x Cervix diameter). Similarly, VER had a significant relationship (P = 0.03) with diameter of the dominant follicle at estrus (355.2 + -3.9 x follicle diameter). These findings suggest that VER changes according to the phase of the estrous cycle, VER decreased during sexual receptivity and increased during the luteal phase. VER may improve the accuracy to diagnose heat in dairy cows.

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