Effects of feeding level and sex on nitrogen retention and serum insulin-like factor 1 in growing pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
J.A. Taylor ◽  
D.N. Salter ◽  
W.H. Close ◽  
G.H. Laswai ◽  
A. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Stages Of Growth

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulates many anabolic processes within the body. In entire animals, release of IGF-1 has been shown to be regulated by nutritional status (e.g. starvation/re-feeding) and in reproductive tissues by gonadotropins and steroid hormones (Phillips et al., 1990). To investigate this further the relation between serum IGF-1 and N retention has been studied in entire and castrated pigs at different planes of nutrition and stages of growth.

The effect of the pea to wheat ratio and harvest date on the voluntary feed intake,in vivodigestibility and nitrogen retention of pea-wheat bi-crop silages by sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
E.R. Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Two Stages

Pea-wheat bi-crop silages were reported to have moderate nutritive value when the proportion of peas in the sward was less than 200 g/kg (Adesoganet al., 1999). These authors also suggested that improvements in the digestibility, intake and nitrogen (N) balance of the forages may result from increasing the proportion of peas in the sward. This experiment was designed to examine this theory by determining thein vivoapparent digestibility, N retention and voluntary feed intake (VFI) in sheep of pea-wheat bi-crop silages containing different ratios of peas to wheat and harvested at two stages of growth.

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb:II. The effect of dietary protein concentration, feeding level and sex on body composition at two live weights

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Andrews ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Extract Content

SUMMARY1. In an experiment with ninety-nine lambs the effects on the body composition of male and female lambs were examined when five diets containing different concentrations of crude protein (in the range 10–20%) were given at three levels of feeding and lambs were slaughtered at two live weights (27·5 and 40 kg).2. With lambs slaughtered at 27·5 kg there were significant increases in the rate of both nitrogen and fat retention with increases in levels of feeding. There were also linear increases in the rate of protein deposition and decreases in fat deposition with increases in the concentration of crude protein. This effect was particularly marked at the high level of feeding.3. With lambs slaughtered at 40 kg live weight there were also linear increases in fat and in nitrogen deposition with increasing feeding level but the effect of increasing the protein concentration on increases in nitrogen retention departed from linearity.4. While at 27·5 kg there were no significant effects of feeding level on nitrogen and ether-extract content of the bodies at slaughter, with animals slaughtered at 40 kg there was a significant linear decrease in ether-extract content with increasing feeding level and a corresponding linear increase in nitrogen content with increased level of feeding.5. Male lambs deposited more nitrogen and less fat than females. This was true of both rate of deposition and of carcass composition at 40 kg live weight.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementing ragi (Eleusine coracana) diets with lysine or leaf protein on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of children

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Doraiswamy ◽  
Narendra Singh ◽  
V. A. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Feeding Trials

1. Diets based on ragi (Eleusine corucum) (1) were supplemented with L-lysine monohydrochloride (2) to provide 0.50 g additional lysine per day, or with lucerne leaf protein (3) to provide the same amount of lysine as 2, or with sesame flour (4) to provide the same amount of protein as 3. The effects of such supplementation on the growth and nutritional status of twenty children fed on each diet were studied in a feeding trial lasting for 6 months. Nitrogen retention and apparent digestibility of the diets were also studied at one stage during the feeding trials.2. Supplementing ragi diets with any of the materials brought about improvement in all nutritional responses, i.e. height, weight, general nutritional status, apparent digestibility and N retention. The diet supplemented with leaf protein led to the greatest response in growth, as measured by increase in height and weight, followed by those supplemented with lysine and sesame flour in that order.3. The apparent digestibility of the lysine-supplemented diet was lower than those of the diets supplemented with leaf protein and sesame flour.4. The differences in N retention between the children on the three supplemented diets were not significant.5. The most important observations were that, although lysine as a sole supplement improved the quality of ragi diets, the leaf protein was superior to it because it improved the quality and increased the content of protein in the diet, and that the sesame flour, in spite of increasing the protein content, did not provide adequate lysine.

scholarly journals The effects of environmental temperature and plane of nutrition on heat loss, energy retention and deposition of protein and fat in groups of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
W. H. Close ◽  
I. B. Start ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Energy Retention

1. Eight groups each of four castrated male pigs, 25–30 kg initial body-weight, were kept for periods of 3 weeks in a calorimeter equipped as a pig pen and maintained at either 8° or 20°. At each temperature two feeding levels (g food/kg body-weight per d) were used, 45 and 52 at 8°, and 39 and 45 at 20°. Metabolizable energy, heat loss and nitrogen balance were measured.2. Heat loss was higher at 8° than at 20° and was independent of plane of nutrition, whereas at 20° the higher heat loss occurred at the higher plane of nutrition. Energy retention depended on both temperature and feeding level, and was highest at the 52 g feeding level at 8°.3. N retention was not influenced by environmental temperature but varied with plane of nutrition (correlation coefficient = 0·94), the increase being 9·98 (± 0·8) mg N per g food increase. The correlation coefficient between N retention and body-weight gain was also 0·94; body-weight gain was correlated with N retention rather than with fat deposition. Fat gain was reduced at the lower feeding levels and at the lower environmental temperature at the feeding level of 45 g/kg.4. The partial efficiency of energy retention at 20° was 66·5%. From this efficiency the maintenance requirement (at zero energy retention) at 20° was calculated to be 418 kJ/kg0·75. At 8° the partial efficiency of energy retention was 99·4%.

scholarly journals Effect of ileo-rectal anastomosis and post-valve T-caecum cannulation on growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KÖhler ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
J. Huisman ◽  
L. A. Den Hartog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Rectal Anastomosis ◽  
N Retention

The effects of post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulation and end-to-side ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA) on growth performance, nitrogen retention and intestinal fermentation were measured in growing pigs by comparison with a control group of intact animals. There were no differences between PVTC-pigs and intact pigs in growth performance and N balance. In IRA-animals reduced growth (P < 0.01), less efficient feed conversion (P < 0.01) and decreased N retention (P < 0.001) were found. Indices of fermentation measured in deal digesta of PVTC- and IRA-pigs were considerably different. In IRA-animals the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was about 112–162 mmol/l, higher (P < 0.001) than in digesta of PVTC-pigs (20–31 mmol/l). The molar proportions of acetate and propionate depended (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively) on the digesta-collection technique. Concentrations and ratios of VFA measured in PVTC-pigs were similar to reported values. Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) concentration and N:DAPA ratios measured in digesta were significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively) different between treatments. All digesta variables measured showed increased microbial activity in digesta of IRA-pigs; thus, an influence on digestibility measurement can be assumed.

scholarly journals Fibrous feedstuffs for the nitrogen retention of growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Tombesi da Rocha ◽  
Josué Sebastiany Kunzler ◽  
Marcos Speroni Ceron ◽  
Carlos Augusto Rigon Rossi ◽  
Arlei Rodrigues Bonet de Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Metabolic Costs

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the nitrogen (N) balance of pigs fed with lysine-limiting diets containing practical levels of wheat bran (WB) or soybean hulls (SH). Twelve pigs with average weights of 57.36±2.01 and 72.68±3.24 kg were used in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In trial 1, treatments were CT1 - control diet and WB - diet with inclusion of 15% WB. In trial 2, CT2 - control diet and SH - diet with inclusion of 6% SH. Fibrous diets increased (P<0.05) the fecal N in 63.54 and 60.55% in relation to CT1 and CT2, respectively. The urinary N was higher (P<0.05) in pigs receiving the WB diet, but was not influenced in the trial with SH. The N retention (NRET) was higher (P>0.05) in pigs ingesting the WB diet; although, when the proportion of NRET was expressed relative to N ingested (NING) there was no difference (P>0.05) between treatments. Inclusion of SH did not affect (P>0.05) the NRET when the result was expressed in absolute or proportional terms. In conclusion, inclusion of practical levels of WB and SH does not significantly affect the metabolic costs involved with nitrogen metabolism. However, only WB was able to contribute to the N balance of pigs, while the relative amount of N added by SH was fully recovered in feces.

The effects of a combination of the β agonist clenbuterol and bovine pituitary growth hormone on growth of milk-fed calves

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
G. M. Innes ◽  
K. Ogden ◽  
S. James
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Laboratory Rodents

Clenbuterol, a β adrenergic agonist has been shown to increase nitrogen retention and decrease lipid deposition in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and laboratory rodents. Effects on nitrogen retention occur primarily in skeletal muscle (Williams et al 1987) and results suggest that reduced protein degradation is mainly responsible for the increased N retention. Reductions in N excretion were insufficient to account for the increased N retention in muscle and we demonstrated (Williams et al 1987) that increased N retention in skeletal muscle was occurring partly as a result of a nitrogen repartitioning in the body with reduced N retention in the viscera. Growth hormone also stimulates skeletal and muscle growth furthermore the mechanism whereby growth hormone stimulates N retention was considered to act primarily via a stimulation of protein synthesis (Eismann et al 1986). It would therefore appear that clenbuterol and growth hormone both increase N retention but by different mechanisms leading to the possibility of achieving an additive effect from the use of the two compounds in combination. The present experiment was designed to study the effects of clenbuterol and growth hormone individually and in combination on the N balance, creatinine excretion, protein and lipid accretion of veal calves.

scholarly journals Lysine utilization by growing pigs: simultaneous measurement of protein accretion and lysine oxidation

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Mnilk ◽  
C. Ian Harris ◽  
Malcolm F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Lysine Concentration

Nitrogen retention and lysine oxidation were measured in growing pigs given diets which supplied 0, 0·2 or 0·8 of the lysine requirement, with other amino acids in relative excess. Eight groups of three female littermate pigs were used: one of each group was given each of the three diets. In half the pigs (four groups) N retention was measured at body weights (W) of approximately 25,35 and 45 kg. The other four littermate groups of three pigs were given the same three diets; when they reached 35 kg W they were given a continuous (6h) primed infusion of L-[6-3H]lysine. Lysine oxidation was estimated from the production of tritiated water. Rates of both N retention and lysine oxidation increased significantly with lysine intake; mean values (g/kg W0·75 per d) for the three diets respectively were for N retention, 0·00, 0·32 and 1·22, and for lysine oxidation 0·051, 0·058 and 0·078. From the N balance results (assuming a constant lysine concentration in body protein) the efficiency of utilization of absorbed lysine was estimated to be 0·85; from the oxidation results (assuming lysine absorbed but not retained is oxidized) the estimate was 0·95.

Correlation between serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations and nutritional status in HIV-infected individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1437-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arline D. Salbe ◽  
Donald P. Kotler ◽  
Anita R. Tierney ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
Richard N. Pierson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor
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