scholarly journals Kinematics of the Foot

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Allard ◽  
P.S. Thiry ◽  
M. Duhaime ◽  
G. Geoffroy
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Rotating Platform ◽  
Talocrural Joint ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Simple Movement

SUMMARY:Orthogonal stereoradiographs are frequently utilized in determining three-dimensional geometrical parameters of human body segments. They have been applied here in the estimation of the length and elongation of the ligaments of the normal foot. Three small spherical metallic markers were respectively encrusted into the tibia and fibula, the seven bones of the tarsus and into the five metatarsals of an amputed lower limb to identify uniquely their spatial location. The foot was then positioned on a rotating platform. Standardized antero-posterior and lateral radiographs were taken. Afterwards the foot was dissected and the proximal and distal insertions of most of its ligaments were located by means of spherical markers. A second series of orthogonal radiographs were taken of each of the fourteen bones. The radiographs were digitized. The length of each ligament and elongation for a simple and complex movements were calculated by means of a computer program. The results of a simple movement of rotation representing a normal 20° dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint and of complex movements of rotation simulating an abnormal high arch such as encountered in Friedreich’s ataxia are presented and discussed.

TABLES, a program to display space-group symmetry information in three dimensions

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Abad-Zapatero ◽  
T. J. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Interactive Display ◽  
Symmetry Operators ◽  
Group Information

TABLES is a computer program developed to display the crystal symmetry and the spatial location of the different symmetry operators for a given space group using interactive computer graphics. It allows the three-dimensional interactive display of the space-group information contained in International Tables for Crystallography [(1983), Vol. A. Dordrecht: Reidel]. Such a program is useful as a teaching aid in crystallography and is valuable for exploring molecular packing arrangements.

scholarly journals Validity Testing of a Simplistic Design Version of a Kinematic Arm for Postural Measurement of Human Body Segments (May 2017)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2 (S)) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Vinod Datir ◽  
B. N. Lahari ◽  
Vijay Kale
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Kinematic Parameter ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Back Injuries ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Static Conditions

In all engineering industries complaints about back pain and low back injuries are very high. Major factor for such back injuries are associated with Load handling tasks. In industries type of such lifting activities in percentage is to extend 77% and bending activity up to 56%.According to US department of labour report back injuries account to be 20% of all injuries and 25% of annual worker compensation goes for such injuries. So one of the important areas of Kinematic And kinetic measurements are useful is load lifting. Different methods have been evolved for carrying out Kinematic measurements, selection depend upon type of study, type of kinematic parameter to obtained merits and demerits of the methods and cost of study. Need of alternative methods which satisfy the study requirements and also compensate the cost leads to a development of "Kinematic Arm” In one of study made by Belli et al(1992) Developed Kinematic arm for three dimensional recording of human movements. They Validate and tested successfully the device. Error values for static quasi-static human motions are less than tracking system and film or video analysis ,Also device is five times cheaper than above two well known methods. Based on the guidelines of study by Belli et al a Kinematic arm has been designed and fabricated for validation testing of positional measurements of human body segments subject to different postures during load lifting. The Kinematic arm consists of four light rigid pipe linked together by three joints. One end of arm is connected to fixed reference point while other end can move freely in the three spatial directions. the free movement is allowed in all spatial directions by orientation of the axes of the three revolute joints. At each joint a potentiometer (multi turn 50 Kilo-ohm) is mounted and connected to an electronic interface to measure the angle between two link elements involved. Three potentiometers are connected in series and fed a constant current from the circuit. Output from potentiometer is amplified and measured and calibrated in terms of angles. Angles a1(t),a2(t),a3(t).measured and by appropriate trigonometric equations can calculate instantaneous position. Equation for velocity and acceleration have been established in order to evaluate the exact performance of kinematic arm for positional measurements Kinematic arm is tested for the static and quasi-static conditions for different body postures successfully. Results obtained are within the range of theoretical estimation of errors.

Study on erythrocytes by SEM photogrammetry (SEMP) technique

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
Tong Wensheng ◽  
Lu Lianhuang ◽  
Zhang Zhijun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Person ◽  
Blood Disease ◽  
Computation Technique ◽  
Important Basis

This is a combined study of two diffirent branches, photogrammetry and morphology of blood cells. The three dimensional quantitative analysis of erythrocytes using SEMP technique, electron computation technique and photogrammetry theory has made it possible to push the study of mophology of blood cells from LM, TEM, SEM to a higher stage, that of SEM P. A new path has been broken for deeply study of morphology of blood cells.In medical view, the abnormality of the quality and quantity of erythrocytes is one of the important changes of blood disease. It shows the abnormal blood—making function of the human body. Therefore, the study of the change of shape on erythrocytes is the indispensable and important basis of reference in the clinical diagnosis and research of blood disease.The erythrocytes of one normal person, three PNH Patients and one AA patient were used in this experiment. This research determines the following items: Height;Length of two axes (long and short), ratio; Crevice in depth and width of cell membrane; Circumference of erythrocytes; Isoline map of erythrocytes; Section map of erythrocytes.

Three-dimensional computer program on horse digestive track

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
Nasser Alidadi ◽  
Mohammad R. Mokhber Dezfouli ◽  
Mohammad Gholi Nadalian ◽  
Ali Rezakhani ◽  
Iradj Nouroozian
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Energy Loss in Steep Open Channels with Step-Pools

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Thappeta ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi ◽  
Venu Chandra ◽  
Peter Fiener ◽  
Abul Basar M. Baki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Open Channels ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Transition Flow ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Zone Velocity

Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed for different flow rates and various geometrical parameters of step-pools in steep open channels to gain insight into the occurrence of energy loss and its dependence on the flow structure. For a given channel with step-pools, energy loss varied only marginally with increasing flow rate in the nappe and transition flow regimes, while it increased in the skimming regime. Energy loss is positively correlated with the size of the recirculation zone, velocity in the recirculation zone and the vorticity. For the same flow rate, energy loss increased by 31.6% when the horizontal face inclination increased from 2° to 10°, while it decreased by 58.6% when the vertical face inclination increased from 40° to 70°. In a channel with several step-pools, cumulative energy loss is linearly related to the number of step-pools, for nappe and transition flows. However, it is a nonlinear function for skimming flows.

Prediction of internal geometry and tensile behavior of 3D woven solid structures by mathematical coding

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110013
Author(s):  
Vivek R Jayan ◽  
Lekhani Tripathi ◽  
Promoda Kumar Behera ◽  
Michal Petru ◽  
BK Behera
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Internal Geometry ◽  
Unit Cells

The internal geometry of composite material is one of the most important factors that influence its performance and service life. A new approach is proposed for the prediction of internal geometry and tensile behavior of the 3 D (three dimensional) woven fabrics by creating the unit cell using mathematical coding. In many technical applications, textile materials are subjected to rates of loading or straining that may be much greater in magnitude than the regular household applications of these materials. The main aim of this study is to provide a generalized method for all the structures. By mathematical coding, unit cells of 3 D woven orthogonal, warp interlock and angle interlock structures have been created. The study then focuses on developing code to analyze the geometrical parameters of the fabric like fabric thickness, areal density, and fiber volume fraction. Then, the tensile behavior of the coded 3 D structures is studied in Ansys platform and the results are compared with experimental values for authentication of geometrical parameters as well as for tensile behavior. The results show that the mathematical coding approach is a more efficient modeling technique with an acceptable error percentage.

scholarly journals EPCO-31. EPIGENOMIC INTRATUMORAL HETEROGENEITY OF GLIOBLASTOMA IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii76-ii76
Author(s):  
Radhika Mathur ◽  
Sriranga Iyyanki ◽  
Stephanie Hilz ◽  
Chibo Hong ◽  
Joanna Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Intratumoral Heterogeneity ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Open Chromatin

Abstract Treatment failure in glioblastoma is often attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), which fosters tumor evolution and generation of therapy-resistant clones. While ITH in glioblastoma has been well-characterized at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, the extent of ITH at the epigenomic level and its biological and clinical significance are not well understood. In collaboration with neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and biomedical imaging experts, we have established a novel topographical approach towards characterizing epigenomic ITH in three-dimensional (3-D) space. We utilize pre-operative MRI scans to define tumor volume and then utilize 3-D surgical neuro-navigation to intra-operatively acquire 10+ samples representing maximal anatomical diversity. The precise spatial location of each sample is mapped by 3-D coordinates, enabling tumors to be visualized in 360-degrees and providing unprecedented insight into their spatial organization and patterning. For each sample, we conduct assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq), which provides information on the genomic locations of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins, and individual nucleosomes at nucleotide resolution. We additionally conduct whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing for each spatially mapped sample. Integrative analysis of these datasets reveals distinct patterns of chromatin accessibility within glioblastoma tumors, as well as their associations with genetically defined clonal expansions. Our analysis further reveals how differences in chromatin accessibility within tumors reflect underlying transcription factor activity at gene regulatory elements, including both promoters and enhancers, and drive expression of particular gene expression sets, including neuronal and immune programs. Collectively, this work provides the most comprehensive characterization of epigenomic ITH to date, establishing its importance for driving tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. As a resource for further investigation, we have provided our datasets on an interactive data sharing platform – The 3D Glioma Atlas – that enables 360-degree visualization of both genomic and epigenomic ITH.

scholarly journals Engineering Comprehensive Model of Complex Wind Fields for Flight Simulation

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Jianwei Chen ◽  
Liangming Wang ◽  
Jian Fu ◽  
Zhiwei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Wind Field Simulation ◽  
Low Level Jet

A complex wind field refers to the typical atmospheric disturbance phenomena existing in nature that have a great influence on the flight of aircrafts. Aimed at the issues involving large volume of data, complex computations and a single model in the current wind field simulation approaches for flight environments, based on the essential principles of fluid mechanics, in this paper, wind field models for two kinds of wind shear such as micro-downburst and low-level jet plus three-dimensional atmospheric turbulence are established. The validity of the models is verified by comparing the simulation results from existing wind field models and the measured data. Based on the principle of vector superposition, three wind field models are combined in the ground coordinate system, and a comprehensive model of complex wind fields is established with spatial location as the input and wind velocity as the output. The model is applied to the simulated flight of a rocket projectile, and the change in the rocket projectile’s flight attitude and flight trajectory under different wind fields is analyzed. The results indicate that the comprehensive model established herein can reasonably and efficiently reflect the influence of various complex wind field environments on the flight process of aircrafts, and that the model is simple, extensible, and convenient to use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document