Multiple Sclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus: Further Evidence of a Relationship

SUMMARY:One hundred multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were compared to healthy controls to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in their families. Significantly, more MS patients than controls were diabetic or reported at least one first degree relative (parent, sibling, child) with diabetes. The relationship between MS and diabetes persisted when second degree relatives (grandparents, aunts and uncles) were taken into consideration.A greater percentage of MS patients with another MS relative were diabetic or reported a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus than MS patients without an MS relative. However the difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a significant difference when percentages reporting either a first or a second degree relative with diabetes were compared.

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Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/0972753121998496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097275312199849

Author(s):

Raghuram Nagarathna ◽

M Madhava ◽

Suchitra S Patil ◽

Amit Singh ◽

K. Perumal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Cost Of Treatment ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Cost Of Disease ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Cost ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

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Decision making under ambiguity and risk in adolescent-onset schizophrenia

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03230-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandan Li ◽

Fengyan Zhang ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Yifan Zhang ◽

Tingting Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Executive Function ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Abnormal Pattern ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective Numerous studies have identified impaired decision making (DM) under both ambiguity and risk in adult patients with schizophrenia. However, the assessment of DM in patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) has been challenging as a result of the instability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT), which are frequently used to evaluate DM respectively under ambiguity and risk, are sensitive to adolescents and neuropsychiatric patients. Our research intended to examine the performance of DM in a relatively large sample of patients with AOS using the above-mentioned two tasks. We also aimed to take a closer look at the relationship between DM and symptom severity of schizophrenia. Methods We compared the performance of DM in 71 patients with AOS and 53 well-matched healthy controls using IGT for DM under ambiguity and GDT for DM under risk through net scores, total scores and feedback ration. Neuropsychological tests were conducted in all participants. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 71 patients with AOS. Pearson’s correlation revealed the relationship among total score of DM and clinical and neuropsychological data. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS failed to show learning effect and had a significant difference on the 5th block in IGT and conducted more disadvantageous choices as well as exhibited worse negative feedback rate in GDT. Apart from DM impairment under risk, diminished DM abilities under ambiguity were found related to poor executive function in AOS in the present study. Conclusions Our findings unveiled the abnormal pattern of DM in AOS, mainly reflected under the risky condition, extending the knowledge on the performance of DM under ambiguity and risk in AOS. Inefficient DM under risk may account for the lagging impulse control and the combined effects of developmental disease. In addition, our study demonstrated that the performance on IGT was related to executive function in AOS.

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4971Blood viscosity and its relevance to the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension: a new elephant in the cathlab

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Kempny ◽

K Dimopoulos ◽

A E Fraisse ◽

G P Diller ◽

L C Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Cardiac Catheterization ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Pulmonary Vasculature ◽

Pulmonary Vascular Disease ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is an essential parameter assessed during cardiac catheterization. It is used to confirm pulmonary vascular disease, to assess response to targeted pulmonary hypertension (PH) therapy and to determine the possibility of surgery, such as closure of intra-cardiac shunt or transplantation. While PVR is believed to mainly reflect the properties of the pulmonary vasculature, it is also related to blood viscosity (BV). Objectives We aimed to assess the relationship between measured (mPVR) and viscosity-corrected PVR (cPVR) and its impact on clinical decision-making. Methods We assessed consecutive PH patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. BV was assessed using the Hutton method. Results We included 465 patients (56.6% female, median age 63y). The difference between mPVR and cPVR was highest in patients with abnormal Hb levels (anemic patients: 5.6 [3.4–8.0] vs 7.8Wood Units (WU) [5.1–11.9], P<0.001; patients with raised Hb: 10.8 [6.9–15.4] vs. 7.6WU [4.6–10.8], P<0.001, respectively). Overall, 33.3% patients had a clinically significant (>2.0WU) difference between mPVR and cPVR, and this was more pronounced in those with anemia (52.9%) or raised Hb (77.6%). In patients in the upper quartile for this difference, mPVR and cPVR differed by 4.0WU [3.4–5.2]. Adjustment of PVR required Conclusions We report, herewith, a clinically significant difference between mPVR and cPVR in a third of contemporary patients assessed for PH. This difference is most pronounced in patients with anemia, in whom mPVR significantly underestimates PVR, whereas in most patients with raised Hb, mPVR overestimates it. Our data suggest that routine adjustment for BV is necessary.

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Significant Associations of lncRNA H19 Genotypes with Susceptibility to Childhood Leukemia in Taiwan

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14030235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Jen-Sheng Pei ◽

Chao-Chun Chen ◽

Wen-Shin Chang ◽

Yun-Chi Wang ◽

Jaw-Chyun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Childhood Leukemia ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Wild Type ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Genotypic Distribution ◽

Heterozygous Variant ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 and rs217727, in H19 were genotyped and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2839698 between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0277). Compared to the wild-type CC genotype, the heterozygous variant CT and homozygous variant TT genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of childhood leukemia with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.14, p = 0.0429) and 1.94 (95%CI, 1.15–3.31, p = 0.0169), respectively (pfor tread = 0.0277). The difference in allelic frequencies between childhood leukemia patients and controls was also significant (T versus C, adjusted OR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.13–1.79, p = 0.0077). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs217727 between cases and controls. Interestingly, the average level of H19 rs2839698 was statistically significantly higher for patients with CT and TT genotypes than from those with the CC genotype (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that H19 SNP rs2839698, but not rs217727, may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for childhood leukemia.

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Migraine in Obesity: Is It Prevalent?

Diyala Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26505/djm.19025121223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Aso Sabir Saeed ◽

◽

Osama MohammadAmin Shukr

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Migraine Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Keywords Migraine ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and migraine. It’s still unclear whether migraine is the cause or it's the result of obesity. Objective: We investigated the prevalence of migraine among obese and non-obese individuals and analyzed the relationship between migraine prevalence and obesity. Patients and Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the neurology outpatients’ department of the Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, from July 1st , 2018 to September 30, 2019. We interviewed and examined 300 persons, both obese (n=154) and non-obese (n=146), and of both gender. All of them were adults (>18 years old). Each person's weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were measured.The diagnosis of migraine was made according to the International Headache Society’s criteria. Obesity was present if the individual’s BMI is ≥30 and/or waist-to-hip ratio is >0.9 in females and >1.0 in males. Results: Out of the 300 persons, 14 males (8.5%) got migraines while migraine was found in 37 females (27.4%), irrespective of their weight. Out of the 300 persons, the prevalence of migraine among obese individuals was 21.4% (n=33) and while in non-obese individuals was 12.3% (n=18). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p-value=0.045). The overall prevalence of migraine was 16.9% of the persons interviewed. Conclusion: The results showed that migraine is more prevalent among obese persons than non-obese persons and the difference was statistically significant. Keywords: Migraine, obesity, BMI, headache

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Validation of Urinary Charged Metabolite Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo12010059 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Toru Sakurai ◽

Kenji Katsumata ◽

Ryutaro Udo ◽

Tomoya Tago ◽

Kenta Kasahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Capillary Electrophoresis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Discrimination Ability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Metabolite Profiles ◽

The Difference ◽

Pathway Analyses ◽

Higher Sensitivity ◽

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry

This study aimed to validate and reanalyze urinary biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancers (CRCs). We previously conducted urinary metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and found a significant difference in various metabolites, especially polyamines, between patients with CRC and healthy controls (HC). We analyzed additional samples and confirmed consistency between the newly and previously analyzed data. In total, we included 36 HC, 34 adenoma (AD), and 214 CRC samples, which were used for subsequent analyses. Among the 132 quantified metabolites, 16 exhibited consistent differences in both datasets, which included polyamines, etc. Pathway analyses of the integrated data revealed significant differences in many metabolites, such as glutamine, and metabolites of the TCA and urea cycles. The discrimination ability of the combination of multiple metabolites among the three groups was evaluated, which yielded higher sensitivity than tumor markers. The Mann–Whitney test was employed to evaluate the prognosis predictivity of the assessed metabolites and the difference between the patients with or without recurrence, which yielded 16 significantly different metabolites. Among these 16 metabolites, 11 presented significant prognosis predictivity. These data indicated the potential of metabolite-based discrimination of patients with CRC and AD from HC and prognosis predictivity of the monitored metabolites.

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Sex-specific association of PTPN22 1858T with type 1 diabetes but not with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Addison’s disease in the German population

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02035 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 153 (6) ◽

pp. 895-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Heinrich Kahles ◽

Elizabeth Ramos-Lopez ◽

Britta Lange ◽

Oliver Zwermann ◽

Martin Reincke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Addison’S Disease ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Addison's Disease ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Endocrine autoimmune disorders share genetic susceptibility loci, causing a disordered T-cell activation and homeostasis (HLA class II genes, CTLA-4). Recent studies showed a genetic variation within the PTPN22 gene to be an additional risk factor. Materials and Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 220), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (n = 94), Addison’s disease (n = 121) and healthy controls (n = 239) were genotyped for the gene polymorphism PTPN22 1858 C/T. Results: Our study confirms a significant association between allelic variation of the PTPN22 1858 C/T polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). 1858T was observed more frequently in T1D patients (19.3% vs 11.3%, P = 0.0009; odds ratio for allele T = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [1.3–2.7]). Furthermore, we found a strong association in female patients with T1D (P = 0.0003), whereas there was no significant difference between male patients with type 1 diabetes and male controls. No significant difference was observed between the distribution of PTPN22 C/T in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Addison’s disease and healthy controls. Conclusion: The PTPN22 polymorphism 1858 C/T may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus by a sex-specific mechanism that contributes to susceptibility in females.

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Correlational research on facial and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362348/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanrong Wang ◽

Shaohua Chang ◽

Xiaomin Ma ◽

Jiying Li ◽

Ruixia Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Correlational Research ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship

Abstract We examined the relationship between facial morphological features and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and nine facial angles were collected using image software. In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.05). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with mental neutralization symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Our findings highlight the relationship between facial and clinical characteristics in OCD patients.

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The relationship between CSR disclosure and competitive advantage

Sustainability Accounting Management and Policy Journal ◽

10.1108/sampj-11-2016-0086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 547-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Hui-Cheng Yu ◽

Lopin Kuo ◽

Mao-Feng Kao

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Signaling Theory ◽

Content Type ◽

Csr Strategies ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Strategic Csr ◽

Environmentally Sensitive ◽

The Difference ◽

Csr Disclosure ◽

The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to apply signaling theory to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure can deliver effective signals to stakeholders to increase a firm’s competitive advantage in China. Whether ownership patterns or environmental sensitivity causes a significant difference in the relationship between a firm’s CSR disclosure and competitive advantage is also examined. Design/methodology/approach Data analysis is based on a regression model. Content analysis is performed to convert qualitative CSR information of Chinese firms into quantitative data, while intellectual capital (IC) is used as a proxy variable for competitive advantage. Findings The difference in competitive advantage impairment between environmentally sensitive industries (ESIs) and non-environmentally sensitive industries (NESIs) is significant. Further comparisons on the relationship between overall CSR disclosure and competitive advantage among state-owned enterprises, privately owned enterprises, ESIs and NESIs suggest that the relationship is negative. Research limitations/implications The study extends research of strategic CSR to signaling theory and competitive advantage. In particular, a research using IC as a proxy for competitive advantage is rare. It also contributes to the literature on competitive advantage and strategic CSR by examining the effects of both CSR disclosure and IC. Originality/value This paper provides evidence related to stakeholders’ reaction to managers’ various CSR strategies in China. The contribution of this study is that it confirms that different CSR initiatives have different effects on the competitiveness of enterprises in China.

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Relationship to the Bereaved and Perceptions of Severity of Trauma Differentiate Elements of Posttraumatic Growth

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/om.63.2.b ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 125-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Deanne Armstrong ◽

Jane Shakespeare-Finch

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Growth ◽

Degree Relative ◽

Loved One ◽

General Trauma ◽

Growth Outcomes ◽

The Relationship ◽

Second Degree

The field of bereavement and grief has been expanding to recognise the potential for growth following the loss of a loved one. This study sought to examine the effect of the relationship to the deceased and perceptions of the severity of the trauma on dimensions of posttraumatic growth. Participants were 146 people who had lost either: a) a first degree relative, b) a second degree relative, or c) a non-related friend. Results demonstrated that both severity and the relationship to the bereaved differentiate posttraumatic growth outcomes. For example, participants who had lost a first degree relative reported higher levels of growth than those who had lost a second degree relative. Consistent with previous research in general trauma populations, the more severe the loss was rated, the higher the levels of growth. Implications for practice are discussed.

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