A Structural Test Frame with Automatic Loading

1949 ◽  
Vol 53 (466) ◽  
pp. 997-1008
Author(s):  
F. W. Page ◽  
J. C. King
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Structural Test ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Test Frame ◽  
Automatic Loading

The Design of test frames of all types owes a great deal to the pioneer work of the Structures Department, Royal Aircraft Establishment. This particular frame contains some novel features and has been subjected to some unusual overall calibration tests, particularly in relation to the entirely automatic and centralised control gear.The choice of apparatus for testing large scale structural components may be influenced by many factors. In the present case, the choice of a test frame rather than other types of equipment was governed by the following considerations.In an industrial establishment it is essential that test equipment should be put to maximum use. Unlike a central testing establishment such as the R.A.E., major strength tests are relatively infrequent and therefore the equipment should also be suitable for as much as possible of the development and research testing which cannot be undertaken on standard material testing machines.

Alban Berg

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
String Quartet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Alban Berg ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Stefan George ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Parallel Texts

When Austrian composer Alban Berg was working on his opera Lulu, he wrote three Baudelaire songs as a Konzertaria entitled Der Wein. Premiered in 1930, Der Wein is a large-scale work for voice and orchestra. Berg uses a German translation by Stefan George, but the published score is in parallel texts, accommodating the French verse line. The chapter also considers a ‘hidden’ Baudelaire setting from Berg’s 1926 Lyric Suite for string quartet. The analysis covers: (a) the context of composition; (b) the connections established between selected poems; (c) the statistical data generated from the adhesion strength tests; and (d) how the data shape an evaluation of Berg’s settings of Baudelaire. Evidence suggests that Berg’s settings of Baudelaire are loosely entangled; the highly prescriptive score affects syntax, semantics, and prosody. Yet, because Der Wein has stood the test of time, the settings are deemed loosely accretive.

Effect of Fracture on Crushing of Ship Structures

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 194-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Abramowicz ◽  
B. C. Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Ductile Material ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Ship Structures ◽  
Material Response ◽  
Axial Crushing

This paper is concerned with loads and energy absorption during crushing of ship structures. Particular focus is on the effect of fracture of welds or parent material on the energy absorption of typical structural subassemblies of ships during deep collapse. The paper presents experiments and theories on the crushing response of typical strength elements. The theories are derived for an infinitely ductile material response and then consistently modified to include the effect of fracture. Theoretical formulas are compared with results of large-scale experiments performed at the Technical University of Denmark. The experimental series included 24 × and T aluminum and steel specimens scaled according to geometrical similarity and with a plate thickness varying between 2 and 20 mm. Theories and experiments demonstrate that the effect of fracture may be very significant for the loads and energy absorption in axial crushing of typical ship structural components. This effect of fracture has been neglected in previously published studies of bow crushing mechanics.

The ability to combine multiple mRNA antigens targeting multiple pathogens simultaneously, and the robust immune responses are confirmed in several clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

In the last decade, great progress has been made on mRNA vaccines. MRNA vaccines that are well-tolerated and human immunogenic, stable and can be scaled up to hundreds of millions of doses have been produced with advancements in mRNA design, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) composition and production techniques. The ability to combine multiple mRNA antigens in the same LNP, targeting multiple pathogens simultaneously, the lack of vector immunity, and the robust immune responses confirmed in several clinical studies make mRNA vaccines a disruptive technology that could change the development of vaccines in the coming years. Moreover, as mRNA was recently employed for large-scale vaccination applications, there is still plenty of room for refining and new advances.Ad-vector-based vaccines have also become promising immunization platforms. Ad vectors' structural components can be harnessed and modified for enhanced tropism, efficient transduction, and optimal antigen expression, and the structural components of Ad vaccine vectors can be harnessed and modified for enhanced tropism, effective transduction, and optimal antigen expression. Ad vectors can be readily created and mass-produced on a commercial basis, and their potency and stability make single-shot immunizations viable without using a frozen cold chain. Ad vectors' flexibility and promise for present and future vaccination applications is evidenced by their development against many illnesses.The use of biomaterials and engineering to improve vaccine delivery control has shown promise in boosting vaccination efficiency and fine-tuning the responses induced. Taken together, these vaccine science innovations have the potential to overcome many of the shortcomings in traditional vaccination technology, and they will almost probably play a crucial part in developing future known and novel disease vaccines.

Research on Detection of Distribution and Collision of Wireless Sensor Nodes Based on Radio-Frequency Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2089-2092
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng Zhou ◽  
Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Method ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Modal Strain Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Modal Strain Energy Method

many factors need to be considered in layout and distribution of wireless sensor nodes; in addition to the general features of common monitoring sensors, such as economic factors, environmental factors, detection accuracy factor, etc, some particular features should be fully considered, such as intensity, large-scale rapid layout, early warning and monitoring of critical structural components and important areas, as well as its redundancy. Basing on the Modal Energy Method, the paper proposes an optimal sensor layout algorithm available in improvement of modal strain energy method, and such the method is simple and quick, with certain practical value.

Applied Non-Destructive Tests to Synthetically Investigate the Bearing Capacity Loss of Pavement

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Han Yi Wang ◽  
Hung Wei Wu ◽  
Ruei Hung Shiu ◽  
Jyh Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Material Testing ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pavement Structure ◽  
Non Destructive

This study was set out to analyze and investigate the damaged surface course of a newly-constructed road pavement within the two years after its completion. Because the idea of sustainable public infrastructure in Taiwan has recently encouraged the use of renewable materials in the design phase, parts of this roads pavement structure is composed of recycled asphalt concrete, renewable agents, disposed construction surplus and the like. Considering the complex relationship between the damaged condition of the road pavement and factors such as its load repetitions, its design, its construction process and management, and road management, this study employed an intelligent vehicle for pavement survey, Benkelman Beam method, GeoGauge, and Ground Penetrating Radar to examine the roads pavement structure. After cross-analyzing the results from the non-destructive testing, certain parts of the road and the possibly-damaged structure of the pavement were sampled for material testing. The results from the material testing indicated that the related mechanical parameters of the road sections sampled by the non-destructive testing were significantly lower than the normal standards. Moreover, the results from the GPR analysis revealed that the water content of the subgrade of the severely-damaged road sections was high. The low loading capacity of the pavement structure was mainly due to the high groundwater water level in the surrounding area and the penetration of the rain into the cracks of the surface course. This study proposes that nondestructive testing can facilitate sampling sections for material testing to better ensure the quality of the construction although random sampling is commonly seen in the standard material testing for acceptance of completed work. In addition, the study suggests that non-destructive testing can be one requirement for the acceptance of completed work in pavement projects with renewable materials to better evaluate the quality of the pavement after its construction.

Development of a high-efficiency and long-life 500W class H-Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) system using skin-spar-foam sandwich composite structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Changduk Kong ◽  
Haseung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Test ◽  
The City

AbstractSince the focus on the energy crisis and environmental issues due to excessive fossil fuel consumption, wind power has been considered as an important renewable energy source. Recently, several megawatt-class large-scale wind turbine systems have been developed in some countries. Even though the large-scale wind turbine can effectively produce electrical power, the small-scale wind turbine has been continuously developed due to some advantages; for instance, it can be easily built at a low cost without any limitation of location, i.e., even in the city. In case of small-scale wind turbines, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is used in the city despite having a lower efficiency than the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, most small-scale wind turbine systems have been designed at the rated wind speed of around 12 m/s. This aim of this work is to design a high-efficiency 500W class composite VAWT blade that is applicable to relatively low-speed regions. With regard to the aerodynamic design of the blade, parametric studies are carried out to decide an optimal aerodynamic configuration. The aerodynamic efficiency and performance of the designed VAWT is confirmed by computational fluid dynamics analysis. The structural design is performed by the load case study, initial sizing using the netting rule and the rule of mixture, structural analysis using finite element method (FEM), fatigue life estimation and structural test. The prototype blade is manufactured by hand lay-up and the matched die molding. The experimental structural test results are compared with the FEM analysis results. Finally, to evaluate the prototype VAWT including designed blades, the performance test is performed using a truck to simulate various ranges of wind speeds and some measuring equipment. According to the performance evaluation result, the estimated performance agrees well with the experimental test results in all operating ranges.

scholarly journals Effect of Interlayer Cooling Time, Constraint and Tool Path Strategy on Deformation of Large Components Made by Laser Metal Deposition with Wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousub Lee ◽  
Yashwanth Bandari ◽  
Peeyush Nandwana ◽  
Brian. T. Gibson ◽  
Brad Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Part Distortion

Laser metal deposition with wire (LMD-w) is a developing additive manufacturing (AM) technology that has a high deposition material rate and efficiency and is suitable for fabrication of large aerospace components. However, control of material properties, geometry, and residual stresses is needed before LMD-w technology can be widely adopted for the construction of critical structural components. In this study, we investigated the effect of interlayer cooling time, clamp constraints, and tool path strategy on part distortion and residual stresses in large-scale laser additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V components using finite element method (FEM). The simulations were validated with the temperature and the distortion measurements obtained from a real LMD-w process. We found that a shorter interlayer cooling time, full clamping constraints on the build plates, and a bidirectional tool path with 180° rotation minimized part distortion and residual stresses and resulted in symmetric stress distribution.

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