GPS in the Year 2000 and Beyond

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Colonel Phillip J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
New Policies ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Military ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Types Of Change

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a military positioning and navigation system that, like all radio navigation systems, will also be used by the civil community. The system has just completed a transition from the development phase into production. In order to speculate on how the GPS will look in the year 2000 and beyond, a determination must first be made on how the system will look in the 1990s after it has become fully operational and has gained some maturity. As the system is being fielded and after it is operational, certain pressures will be exerted to change the system. These pressures will tend to make it change, and various types of change could occur. These potential changes will be examined primarily from the point of view of the civil use of GPS. The pressures come from at least four sources: the military needs of GPS, money, technological innovation and user requirements. These pressures could also cause changes to occur in the various GPS plans and policies associated with civil use. The pressures and/or new policies and plans could affect the GPS hardware and software. In addition to system or policy changes, new applications of GPS will surface and new ways of installing and integrating GPS on various platforms will emerge.

The Use of Auxiliary Airborne Sensor Data in SPACE-M Photogrammetric Block Adjustments

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
J. A. R. Blais ◽  
M. A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inertial Navigation Systems ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Topographical Mapping

The mathematical formulation used in the photogrammetric block adjustment program SPACE-M has recently been extended to accommodate auxiliary airborne sensor data corresponding to the position and/or attitude of the aerial camera at the time of film exposure. Examples of such systems are statoscopes, laser profilometers, Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS). The description of the use of these auxiliary data in SPACE-M is outlined and references are given to other related formulations. Test results with simulated and limited real data are presented with some analysis of the implications for topographical mapping and other applications.

On Navigation Systems for Motorcycles: The Influence and Estimation of Roll Angle

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Coaplen ◽  
Patrick Kessler ◽  
Oliver M. O'Reilly ◽  
Dan M. Stevens ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Roll Angle ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Heading Angle ◽  
Navigation Information ◽  
Navigation Scheme

Vehicle navigation systems use various sensors and the global positioning system (GPS) to locate a vehicle. This location is then matched to a map database to provide navigation information. Between GPS updates, the vehicle's heading angle and forward speed are used to “dead reckon” its position. Heading angle is often measured by integrating the output of a rate gyroscope. For this measurement to be equal to the vehicle's heading angle, the vehicle should not experience any rotation about its roll or pitch axes. For an automobile, the roll and pitch angles are small and may be neglected for the purposes of navigation. This article demonstrates that this same assumption is not true for a motorcycle. Through simulation, it is shown that for a motorcycle, obtaining a meaningful heading angle from a single angular rate measurement requires accounting for the motorcycle's roll angle. Methods to estimate roll angle and heading angle from available navigation measurements are presented, and two possible sensor configurations are compared. A motorcycle navigation scheme based on these roll angle estimation methods is shown to produce exceptional results in a simulation environment.

The Development of Electronic Navigation Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-490
Author(s):  
J. P. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Radar Data Processing

This paper, which reviews briefly the development of modern maritime electronic navigation aids, was presented at a meeting of the Scottish Branch of the Institute held in Edinburgh on 7 October 1981.The electronic navigation systems dealt with in this paper are the principal position-fixing aids and the somewhat related computer radar data-processing equipment or Collision Avoidance Systems, inasmuch as these envelop a navigational task. The survey will thus embrace the principal hyperbolic aids – Decca Main Chain and Loran-C; the artificial satellite navigation systems – TRANSIT SATELLITE and NAVSTAR, the Global Positioning System; and the navigational role of collision avoidance systems.

Long-range Navigation Techniques for the Supersonic Transport

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
System Verification ◽  
The Military ◽  
Flight Deck

In this paper, presented by the International Air Navigators Council, and written by its Executive Vice Chairman, the navigation of the S.S.T. is considered from the practising navigator's point of view. Extrapolating from present procedures the conclusion is drawn that navigation system verification should continue to be the responsibility of flight-deck management, that self-contained D.R. systems should be monitored by an externally referenced aid, that raw navigational data should continue to be available to the flight crew and finally that simplicity and reliability in navigation systems should be preferred to finite accuracy.Consideration of an environment in which operational data and experience are limited to the military is a difficult assignment at the best of times. In order to discuss, with some degree of intelligence, the long-range navigation system considered desirable in the supersonic environment, we have relied mainly on the process of extrapolation using existing data and operational ‘know how’ to formulate practical guidelines.

MACHINE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS FOR TOP ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
D.N. Rasulov ◽  
◽  
R.V. Sobirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Automatic Location ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Navigation Signals

For the implementation of top-oriented agricultural Technologies, machines are used whose control systems have devices for automatically determining their location. These devices are based on the use of GPS (global positioning system) systems with corresponding geo-information software products (GlS packages) and signals in network satellite radio navigation systems (CCPHC). With their automatic location detection systems, in principle, they can be based on the use of open-access navigation signals (HC) of any SSRNS or on the simultaneous use of signals from both systems. For most ous, the most common type of auxiliary energy is electric. Therefore, the next step in the design of automation systems will be the development of basic electrical circuits. Then, after selecting (ordering) the necessary hardware, they develop connection and connection schemes and design replacement devices.

The Design of INS under ITS Mechanical Properties for Vehicles in Mechanical Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Ming Qiang Chen ◽  
Kai Jun Xu ◽  
Yu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Global Positioning

With the development of the civil aviation, the surface of airport becomes more and more crowed. The navigation systems of surface vehicles are of vital importance. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been approved for a limited number of applications. Because it is not highly available for meeting safety-of life levels of integrity, which require timely alert if the system is unreliable for navigation under intelligent transportation system (ITS). This paper presents an analysis about the requirement and principle of an inertial navigation system (INS) and design an new mechanical architecture of INS in terms of increased availability of GPS for surface vehicles. This new mechanical architecture has a good mechanical properties in mechanical engineering.

scholarly journals Where on Earth?

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (07) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Frank Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Dimensions Of Space

This article discusses how global positioning system (GPS) provides guidance for a new generation of unmanned surveillance aircraft. Traditional methods of surveying, for example, require benchmarks of known coordinates, followed by a sequential process of measuring angles and distances to calculate the coordinates of any other point. A GPS receiver uses satellites for benchmarks and rapidly processes timed signals into precise values of longitude, latitude, and elevation. GPS-based air traffic control is just beginning to be realized. GPS may also have profound consequences beyond those that can now be identified. Humans have only recently had access to portable and affordable clocks to measure time. Originally a tool for the military, the GPS now provides us with a device to extend the measurements into the three dimensions of space. More unintended consequences for the human condition are quite possible in the future.

GPS Navstar: A Review

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Principles

The Global Positioning System, Navstar, is an advanced satellite-based navigation system which is currently under development and evaluation in the United States of America. Progress has been very fully reported in the open literature and a definitive paper on the concept has in fact been published in this Journal. The concept has now been experimentally validated and much of the evidence which supports this validation has in turn been published.The impact of Navstar on navigation in the period beyond 1985 is potentially very great indeed in that it offers, worldwide, a navigation capability to surface and aerospace users of a standard of accuracy combined with continuous availability which is currently associated only with short-range aids.This paper has the objective of presenting (a) a general introduction to the physical principles on which Navstar is based, followed by (b) a survey of its potential relevance to the operational needs of various classes of user. Finally there is some more speculative matter in the form of (c) a discussion of the potential impact of successful implementation of Navstar on current and projected future navigation systems.

scholarly journals Navigation System Heading and Position Accuracy Improvement through GPS and INS Data Fusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyoung Ryu ◽  
Ganduulga Gankhuyag ◽  
Kil To Chong
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Heading Angle ◽  
Electronic Compass

Commercial navigation systems currently in use have reduced position and heading error but are usually quite expensive. It is proposed that extended Kalman filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) be used in the integration of a global positioning system (GPS) with an inertial navigation system (INS). GPS and INS individually exhibit large errors but they do complement each other by maximizing the advantage of each in calculating the heading angle and position through EKF and UKF. The proposed method was tested using low cost GPS, a cheap electronic compass (EC), and an inertial management unit (IMU) which provided accurate heading and position information, verifying the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

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