A New Low-Cost Image Intensifier for Transmission Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 612-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Heinemann ◽  
Helmut Poppa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
List Type ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
In Series ◽  
Basic Features

An efficient electron microscope image intensifier (EMII) chain with closed-circuit television image display should feature the following characteristics:- The signal of a single incoming electron should be raised well above the equipment noise.- The spatial resolution of the EMII-chain should not be worse than the product of available electron optical magnification and the desired specimen resolution.- The spatial resolution of the TV-system, multiplied by the magnification factor between the intensified image and its size on the camera tube face, should not be better than the spatial resolution of the image intensifier (the lowest reasonable bandwidth should be selected).In this paper we present a new type of EMII system which fulfills these basic features within the framework of a comparatively high performance-to-cost ratio system. We have been using two medium-resolution microchannelplates in series as an image intensifier (resolution approximately 50 microns), featuring a gain of more than 106 with practicably negligible noise.

scholarly journals Development of Low-Cost Fast Photoacoustic Computed Tomography: System Characterization and Phantom Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Zafar ◽  
Karl Kratkiewicz ◽  
Rayyan Manwar ◽  
Mohammad Avanaki
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
System Characterization ◽  
2D Images ◽  
Fast Rotating

A low-cost Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) system consisting of 16 single-element transducers has been developed. Our design proposes a fast rotating mechanism of 360o rotation around the imaging target, generating comparable images to those produced by large-number-element (e.g., 512, 1024, etc.) ring-array PACT systems. The 2D images with a temporal resolution of 1.5 s and a spatial resolution of 240 µm were achieved. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by imaging complex phantom. The purpose of the proposed development is to provide researchers a low-cost alternative 2D photoacoustic computed tomography system with comparable resolution to the current high performance expensive ring-array PACT systems.

scholarly journals Validation of Low-Cost Impedance analyzer via Nitrate Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6695
Author(s):  
Dirk Johannes De Beer ◽  
Trudi-Heleen Joubert
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relevant Experiment

Impedance spectroscopy is a widely used electrochemical technique with a wide variety of applications. Many of these applications benefit from the additional accessibility provided by low-cost impedance devices. With this in mind, a low-cost impedance device was designed for a high performance-to-cost ratio. The performance of this analyzer was validated against a high-performance DropSens µStat-i 400s potentiostat by performing an application-based experiment. Nitrate detection provides a relevant experiment because of the importance of maintaining precise nitrate concentrations to mitigate the impact of nitrate fluctuations on the environment. Dissolved nitrate samples of different concentrations, in the range 3–1000 mg/L, were confirmed colorimetrically and measured with both instruments. A calibration curve of the real impedance matched a sigmoidal transfer, with a linear region for concentrations below 10 mg/L. The device under investigation exhibited an average magnitude error of 1.28% and an average phase error of 0.96∘ relative to the high-performance standard, which validates the performance of the low-cost device. A cost analysis is presented that highlights some of the complexities of cost comparisons.

scholarly journals rGO Sheets / ZnFe2O4 Nanocomposities as an Efficient Electro Catalyst Material for I3- / I- Reaction for High Performance DSSCs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anto feradrick Samson V ◽  
Bharathi Bernadsha S ◽  
Albin John P Paul Winston ◽  
Divya D ◽  
James Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tafel Polarization ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract In this paper, Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) / ZnFe2O4 (rZnF) nanocomposite is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and employed as a counter electrode (CE) material for tri-iodide redox reactions in Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) to replace the traditional high cost platinum (Pt) CE. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and High resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), clearly indicated the formation of rZnF nanocomposite and also amorphous rGO sheets were smoothly distributed on the surface of ZnFe2O4 (ZnF) nanostructure. The rZnF-50 CE shows excellent electro catalytic activity toward I3− reduction, which has simultaneously been confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization measurements. A DSSC developed by rZnF-50 CE (η = 8.71%) obtained quite higher than the Pt (η = 8.53%) based CE under the same condition. The superior performances of rZnF-50 CE due to addition of graphene in to Spinel (ZnF) nanostructure results in creation of highly active electrochemical sites, fast electron transport linkage between CE and electrolyte. Thus it’s a promising low cost CE material for DSSCs.

scholarly journals In-Situ Electrical Biasing of Electrically Connected TEM Lamellae with Embedded Nanodevices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Brodovoi ◽  
Kilian Gruel ◽  
Lucas Chapuis ◽  
Aurélien Masseboeuf ◽  
Cécile Marcelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Device Architecture ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microelectronics Industry

Abstract In response to a continually rising demand for high performance and low-cost devices, and equally driven by competitivity, the microelectronics industry excels in meeting innovation challenges and further miniaturizing products. However, device shrinkage and the increasing complexity of device architecture require local quantitative studies. In this paper, we demonstrate with a case study on a nanocapacitor, the capability of transmission electron microscopy in electron holography mode to be a unique in-situ technique for mapping electric fields and charge distributions on a single device.

Design and Development of a Low-Cost Roof Top Solar Ventilator

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragavanantham Shanmugam ◽  
Umayakumar Vellaisamy ◽  
Karthikeyan Balasubramaniam ◽  
Sathishkumar Mani
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Air Circulation

In hot summer, the sun rays strike the roof surface and heat up the enclosed attic. Passive vents (Soffit or Gable) allow some circulation of fresh air. Presently, in India, passive Whirlybird is predominantly used for ventilation purposes, which spins and sucks up the warm air and forces it out upwards through the vent on the roof. Since it depends mainly on the natural wind velocity, it’s efficiency to cost ratio is very low. Also, the accumulation of dust particles has a deleterious effect on the performance and life of the unit. Hence, in this work, a roof top solar ventilator has been designed and developed at low cost to address the above-mentioned problems. This unit has a high-performance brushless DC motor, an adjustable solar panel to achieve optimal solar exposure and it blends seamlessly into roof. The solar panel powers the fan through the motor, thereby increasing the air circulation through the vent. This increased air circulation provides the required pressure to force the hot air out from the attic. During hot summer, the difference in temperature between the floor and the ceiling can reach 10–15 °C, leading to a constant heat pile up in the attic and this system can limit the temperature of the attic to 40°C. In winter season, moist air present inside the house warms up, rises and collides with the cold air entering through the roof. This provides a mixed circulation that prevents the cold air from entering the roof and also reduces freezing of snow on the roof surface. Further, it keeps the inside space cooler and drier. Since this ventilator operates on renewable energy source, it is a simple and feasible solution that is environmentally friendly at low-cost. This provides healthy, energy efficient homes and work spaces as it reduces the usage of air conditions and heaters. A comparative study on the performance, life and cost of both the existing and the newly developed ventilators has been made and the same is reported.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bi2O3-MnO2 Nanocomposite Electrode for Wide-Potential Window High Performance Supercapacitor

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Rakesh K. Sahoo ◽  
Nanasaheb M. Shinde ◽  
Je Moon Yun ◽  
Rajaram S. Mane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
In Series ◽  
State Chemical ◽  
Real Time Application ◽  
A Current ◽  
Wide Potential

In this work, we report the synthesis of a Bi2O3-MnO2 nanocomposite as an electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrode via a simple, low-cost, eco-friendly, and low-temperature solid-state chemical process followed by air annealing. This as-synthesized nanocomposite was initially examined in terms of its structure, morphology, phase purity, and surface area using different analytical techniques and thereafter subjected to electrochemical measurements. Its electrochemical performance demonstrated excellent supercapacitive properties in a wide potential window. Its specific capacitance was able to reach 161 F g−1 at a current density of 1A g−1 and then showed a superior rate capability up to 10 A g−1. Furthermore, it demonstrated promising cycling stability at 5 A g−1 with 95% retention even after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles in a wide potential window of 1.3 V, evidencing the synergistic impact of both Bi2O3 and MnO2 in the Bi2O3-MnO2 ES electrode. Additionally, the practical reliability of the envisioned electrode was ascertained by the fabrication of a symmetric Bi2O3-MnO2//Bi2O3-MnO2 pencil-type supercapacitor device that displayed an energy density of 18.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 600 W kg−1 and a substantial cyclic stability up to 5000 cycles. Subsequently, an LED was also powered at its full brightness using three of these devices connected in series in order to demonstrate the real-time application of the Bi2O3-MnO2 ES electrode.

Orientation Maps Derived from TEM Diffraction Patterns Collected with an External CCD Camera

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Rauch ◽  
A. Duft
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Orientation Maps ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Better Than

An automatic crystallographic orientation indexing procedure is developed for transmission electron microscopes. The numerical identification is performed by mapping the spot diffraction patterns with pre-calculated templates. The diffraction patterns are acquired thanks to an external CCD camera that points to the fluorescent screen through the TEM window. Orientation maps with spatial resolution better than 10 nm were obtained with this low cost equipment.

Simplified vacuum system for routine transmission electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
W. Egle ◽  
E. Guetter
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Rotary Pump ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Photographic Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Documentation Systems ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The outstanding features of the new ZEISS transmission electron microscope are a vacuum system (ion getter pump with rotary pump) which is not standard in a high-performance, middle-class instrument, and its compatibility with a new external photographic system. The external photography facility which is described in a separate paper, is superior to the normal documentation systems in that it does not load the vacuum system. The evacuated interior of the instrument does not come into contact with gassing photographic material.These characteristics of external photography, intended primarily for routine work with high photographic workload, make the concept of a simplified vacuum system for electron microscopes, with a fore-vacuum pump only, most attractive. The results of investigations dealing with such a simplified, low-cost vacuum system are described below.Fig. 1 shows the examined version of the vacuum system mounted on the new TEM. It consists of a two-stage, 8 m3/h rotary pump with baking adsorption trap, vacuum measuring point and two electromagnetic valves.

scholarly journals High-performance resistive humidity sensor based on Ag nanoparticles decorated with graphene quantum dots

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 210407
Author(s):  
Gun Chaloeipote ◽  
Jaruwan Samarnwong ◽  
Pranlekha Traiwatcharanon ◽  
Teerakiat Kerdcharoen ◽  
Chatchawal Wongchoosuk
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Humidity Response ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recovery Times

In this work, we present a low-cost, fast and simple fabrication of resistive-type humidity sensors based on the graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) nanocomposites. The GQDs and AgNPs were synthesized by hydrothermal method and green reducing agent route, respectively. UV–Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and field-emission transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize quality, chemical bonding states and morphology of the nanocomposite materials and confirm the successful formation of core/shell-like AgNPs/GQDs structure. According to sensing humidity results, the ratio of GQDs/AgNPs 1 : 1 nanocomposite exhibits the best humidity response of 98.14% with exponential relation in the humidity range of 25–95% relative humidity at room temperature as well as faster response/recovery times than commercial one at the same condition. The sensing mechanism of the high-performance GQDs/AgNPs humidity sensor is proposed via Schottky junction formation and intrinsic synergistic effects of GQDs and AgNPs.

Comparison of Deterministic and Linear Cosine Spatial Filtering of Transmission Electron Micrographs

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
David A. Ansley
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Spatial Filter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
List Type ◽  
Spatial Filters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The coherence of the electron flux of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) limits the direct application of deconvolution techniques which have been used successfully on unmanned spacecraft programs. The theory assumes noncoherent illumination. Deconvolution of a TEM micrograph will, therefore, in general produce spurious detail rather than improved resolution.A primary goal of our research is to study the performance of several types of linear spatial filters as a function of specimen contrast, phase, and coherence. We have, therefore, developed a one-dimensional analysis and plotting program to simulate a wide 'range of operating conditions of the TEM, including adjustment of the:(1) Specimen amplitude, phase, and separation(2) Illumination wavelength, half-angle, and tilt(3) Objective lens focal length and aperture width(4) Spherical aberration, defocus, and chromatic aberration focus shift(5) Detector gamma, additive, and multiplicative noise constants(6) Type of spatial filter: linear cosine, linear sine, or deterministic

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