Design and Development of a Low-Cost Roof Top Solar Ventilator

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragavanantham Shanmugam ◽  
Umayakumar Vellaisamy ◽  
Karthikeyan Balasubramaniam ◽  
Sathishkumar Mani
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Air Circulation

In hot summer, the sun rays strike the roof surface and heat up the enclosed attic. Passive vents (Soffit or Gable) allow some circulation of fresh air. Presently, in India, passive Whirlybird is predominantly used for ventilation purposes, which spins and sucks up the warm air and forces it out upwards through the vent on the roof. Since it depends mainly on the natural wind velocity, it’s efficiency to cost ratio is very low. Also, the accumulation of dust particles has a deleterious effect on the performance and life of the unit. Hence, in this work, a roof top solar ventilator has been designed and developed at low cost to address the above-mentioned problems. This unit has a high-performance brushless DC motor, an adjustable solar panel to achieve optimal solar exposure and it blends seamlessly into roof. The solar panel powers the fan through the motor, thereby increasing the air circulation through the vent. This increased air circulation provides the required pressure to force the hot air out from the attic. During hot summer, the difference in temperature between the floor and the ceiling can reach 10–15 °C, leading to a constant heat pile up in the attic and this system can limit the temperature of the attic to 40°C. In winter season, moist air present inside the house warms up, rises and collides with the cold air entering through the roof. This provides a mixed circulation that prevents the cold air from entering the roof and also reduces freezing of snow on the roof surface. Further, it keeps the inside space cooler and drier. Since this ventilator operates on renewable energy source, it is a simple and feasible solution that is environmentally friendly at low-cost. This provides healthy, energy efficient homes and work spaces as it reduces the usage of air conditions and heaters. A comparative study on the performance, life and cost of both the existing and the newly developed ventilators has been made and the same is reported.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Fluorescence Detection Using a Smartphone Camera for a PCR Chip

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3917
Author(s):  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
Chan-Young Park ◽  
Yu-Seop Kim ◽  
Ji-Soo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Fluorescent Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Difference

Most existing commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) instruments are bulky because they contain expensive fluorescent detection sensors or complex optical structures. In this paper, we propose an RT-PCR system using a camera module for smartphones that is an ultra small, high-performance and low-cost sensor for fluorescence detection. The proposed system provides stable DNA amplification. A quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity changes shows the camera’s performance compared with that of commercial instruments. Changes in the performance between the experiments and the sets were also observed based on the threshold cycle values in a commercial RT-PCR system. The overall difference in the measured threshold cycles between the commercial system and the proposed camera was only 0.76 cycles, verifying the performance of the proposed system. The set calibration even reduced the difference to 0.41 cycles, which was less than the experimental variation in the commercial system, and there was no difference in performance.

scholarly journals A Novel Magnet-Axis-Shifted Hybrid Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicle Applications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Heyun Lin ◽  
Shuhua Fang ◽  
Weijia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Interior Permanent Magnet ◽  
Rotor Pole ◽  
Ipm Machine ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnet Axis

This paper proposes a novel magnet-axis-shifted hybrid permanent magnet (MAS-HPM) machine, which features an asymmetrical magnet arrangement, i.e., low-cost ferrite and high-performance NdFeB magnets, are placed in the two sides of a “▽”-shaped rotor pole. The proposed magnet-axis-shift (MAS) effect can effectively reduce the difference between the optimum current angles for maximizing permanent magnet (PM) and reluctance torques, and hence the torque capability of the machine can be further improved. The topology and operating principle of the proposed MAS-HPM machine are introduced and are compared with the BMW i3 interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine as a benchmark. The electromagnetic characteristics of the two machines are investigated and compared by finite element analysis (FEA), which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed MAS design concept for torque improvement.

scholarly journals Validation of Low-Cost Impedance analyzer via Nitrate Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6695
Author(s):  
Dirk Johannes De Beer ◽  
Trudi-Heleen Joubert
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relevant Experiment

Impedance spectroscopy is a widely used electrochemical technique with a wide variety of applications. Many of these applications benefit from the additional accessibility provided by low-cost impedance devices. With this in mind, a low-cost impedance device was designed for a high performance-to-cost ratio. The performance of this analyzer was validated against a high-performance DropSens µStat-i 400s potentiostat by performing an application-based experiment. Nitrate detection provides a relevant experiment because of the importance of maintaining precise nitrate concentrations to mitigate the impact of nitrate fluctuations on the environment. Dissolved nitrate samples of different concentrations, in the range 3–1000 mg/L, were confirmed colorimetrically and measured with both instruments. A calibration curve of the real impedance matched a sigmoidal transfer, with a linear region for concentrations below 10 mg/L. The device under investigation exhibited an average magnitude error of 1.28% and an average phase error of 0.96∘ relative to the high-performance standard, which validates the performance of the low-cost device. A cost analysis is presented that highlights some of the complexities of cost comparisons.

A New Low-Cost Image Intensifier for Transmission Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 612-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Heinemann ◽  
Helmut Poppa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
List Type ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
In Series ◽  
Basic Features

An efficient electron microscope image intensifier (EMII) chain with closed-circuit television image display should feature the following characteristics:- The signal of a single incoming electron should be raised well above the equipment noise.- The spatial resolution of the EMII-chain should not be worse than the product of available electron optical magnification and the desired specimen resolution.- The spatial resolution of the TV-system, multiplied by the magnification factor between the intensified image and its size on the camera tube face, should not be better than the spatial resolution of the image intensifier (the lowest reasonable bandwidth should be selected).In this paper we present a new type of EMII system which fulfills these basic features within the framework of a comparatively high performance-to-cost ratio system. We have been using two medium-resolution microchannelplates in series as an image intensifier (resolution approximately 50 microns), featuring a gain of more than 106 with practicably negligible noise.

Correcting Front-End RF Impedance Mismatch for 2.4GHz Wireless Long-Distance Data Transmission

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Chun Wang ◽  
Zhen-Ying Hsieh ◽  
Shu-Han Chao ◽  
Chia-Hao Tu ◽  
Shuang-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Match ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Impedance Mismatch ◽  
The Real ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
The Difference

In order to increase the higher competition in low-power wireless network communication market, a high-performance and low-cost product is necessary to distinguish the difference with others. Through integrating the system performance with suitable L-shape impedance-match circuit assisting with some network analyzer, this target with a 2.4 GHz radio-frequency (RF) product in long-distance data transportation seems to be promisingly implemented. In short-distance data transportation, the ideal output-link transportation rate (∼ max. 54 Mb/sec) is slightly influenced by impedance mismatch between power amplifier (PA) and antenna port. However, it is tremendously reduced at long-distance condition and the transportation rate is decreased to ∼ 24 Mb/sec. Using the attenuator to attenuate the real input signal to –70dB to simulate the real signal transportation, the packet error rate (PER) is less than 10% at a physical sublayer service data unit (PSDU) length of 1000 bytes under the communication 802.11g spec. as the real transmission rate is 20 Mb/sec. If the impedance of the transmission line is shifted, the long-distance transportation rate will be reduced to, almost, 20 × 24 / 54 = 8.8 Mb/sec. The transportation performance is greatly deducted. With the delicate design and the feasible component arrangement, the impedance mismatch influencing the long-distance (∼ 100 m) data transportation is overcome and reduced to the acceptable range. In this investigation using 3.3 V power supply, we observe that the selection of electronic components with miniaturization is also an art to reduce the radiation side-effect.

scholarly journals Application for computational cluster performance tests configured in HTCONDOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04029
Author(s):  
Vivian Orejuela ◽  
Álvaro Sánchez Ramirez ◽  
Andrés Felipe Toro ◽  
Andrés Felipe Gonzalez ◽  
Diego Briñez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cluster Management ◽  
C Language ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Computational Cluster ◽  
The Difference

Increase the processing power in less time with high performance low-cost process is important for universities, for this reason computational clusters take paramount importance nowadays. In this paper it is shown the study of the performance time of a group that has been physically configured with a node and 3 nodes with the Core 2 Duo Quad processors, which have a Scientific Linux operating system and a cluster management software called HTCONDOR which is described time in the C language, to obtain the prime numbers in a range of 1 to 15 million and thus be able to launch the process from the point of destination to the worker nodes divided by groups of 5 million and take the measure of time. Achieving the difference between runtime on a PC and a high-performance cluster.

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of a Low Cost μC- Based Brushless DC Motor Sensorless Controller: A Practical Analysis of Hardware and Software Aspects

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Yannis L. Karnavas ◽  
Anestis S. Topalidis ◽  
Maria Drakaki
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Brushless Dc Motors ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hall Sensors

The ongoing technological advancements of brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) have found a wide range of applications. For instance, ground-based electric vehicles, aerial drones and underwater scooters have already adopted high-performance BLDCMs. Nevertheless their adoption demands control systems to monitor torque, speed and other performance characteristics. Precise design structure and the particular motor functional characteristics are essential for the suitable configuration and implementation of an appropriate controller to suit a wide range of applications. Techniques which do not use Hall sensors should be used then. This paper deals with the analysis of hardware and software aspects during the development of such a microcontroller based and low cost speed controller for motors up to 500 W, along with its practical implementation. The sensorless method employed is based on the zero crossing point (ZCP) detection of the back-electromotive forces’ (back-EMF) differences, as the ZCPs of these quantities match to the time points at which the commutation sequence changes. Additionally, the study presents hardware and software details through calculations, figures, flowcharts and code, providing an insight of the practical issues that may arise in such a low cost prototype. Finally, results obtained by experiments validate the presented hardware/software architecture of the controller.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document