Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Intracellular Cholesterol Crystal Formation in Hypercholesterolemic Diabetic Rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
Dean A. Handley ◽  
Shu Chien ◽  
Cynthia M. Arbeeny
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Cellular Events

Hypercholesterolemia, induced by feeding rats a diet of cholesterol and cholic acid, can be markedly accentuated by diabetes, resulting in serum cholesterol levels greater than 1000 mg/dl and extensive accumulate of cholesterol in the liver. To examine the cellular events of hepatic cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats, we used a fixative containing digitonin and water-soluble embedment to preserve native lipid structures.Sprague Dawley male rats were made diabetic by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) and fed a powdered diet containing 2% cholesterol, 10% lard and 1% cholic acid (CLC) for 3 wk. Non-diabetic rats were also fed CLC diet. Cholesterol, glucose and insulin levels were monitored for both groups. Livers were fixed by perfusion with 3% glutaraldehyde (30°C) and 0.2% digitonin in cacodylate buffer (1 hr), then by 1% OsO4 in buffer for 2 hr. Staining was in 2% uranyl acetate and embedding in water soluble urea glutaraldehyde. Thin sections were stained with lead citrate and viewed in a Zeiss EM-9S.

Correlation of Ultrastructural, Morphometric and Biochemical Changes in Rats after Treatment with the Hypolipidemic Drugs Clofibrate and Probucol

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
G. E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
R. G. Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Hypolipidemic Agents ◽  
Hypolipidemic Drugs

It was our goal to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of semi-automated morphometric techniques in the analysis of structural changes observed during drug safety assessment. Studies are presented to correlate the ultrastructural, morphometric and biochemical effects that the two hypolipidemic agents, clofibrate and probucol, produce in rats.Charles River CD Sprague-Dawley derived male rats (200-225 g body wt.) were used for the three studies performed. In studies I and II, clofibrate was administered as a dietary admixture to approximate a dosage of 300 mg/kg/day for six days. In study III, clofibrate and probucol were given as dietary admixtures to approximate dosages of 300 and 250 mg/kg/day respectively for fourteen days. Processing of hepatic specimens for electron microscopy included fixation in 1.3% sym-collidine buffered osmium tetroxide, ethanol dehydration and Epon embedment. Thin sections (600Å) were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Survey and photography was performed in the manner according to Weibel. Final prints (14,400x) were analyzed with a Zeiss MOP for morphometric quantitation.

scholarly journals Myrmecodia platytyrea Methanol Tuber Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia In STZ-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Mizaton Hazizul Hasan ◽  
Hasbullani Zakaria ◽  
Ibtisam Abdul Wahab ◽  
Thellie Ponto ◽  
Aishah Adam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tuber Extract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main non-communicable chronic diseases that has many complications that compromise the quality of life. Hence, the need to find alternatives to replace the current therapy or as an adjuvant. Tubers of Myrmecodia platytytrea (Rubiaceae) has been used traditionally as an alternative therapy for the management of cancer and other inflammatory-related disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of M. platytytrea methanolic tuber extract (MPMTE) as an antihyperglycemic agent, in vivo. :The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with MPMTE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and metformin (positive control, 100 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. Blood glucose level and other biochemistry analysis were conducted including histological examination on liver, kidney and pancreas.  The STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MPMTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) had significant decreased (p<0.05) in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats. Liver, kidney and pancreas were devoid of any damage caused by STZ.  MPMTE had strong antihyperglycaemic activity and was protective against any STZ-induced organ damage. Thus, MPMTE can be further developed into an adjuvant therapy for diabetic patients.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BLACK RICE BRAN EXTRACT (Black Rice Bran) TO DECREASE DECREASE OF GLUCOSE LEVEL IN DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Novita Sari ◽  
Arifah Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Rice Bran Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Black Rice Bran ◽  
Decrease Decrease

Black rice bran is one of processed foods derived from plants and has a decreasing effect of blood glucoselevels. Major component of anthocyanin in black rice bran that functions in lowering blood glucoseconcentration is cyanidin 3-glucoside. Fifteen male rats Sprague-Dawley strain were selected randomly anddivided into 5 groups with the same number in each groups. These groups were consisted of normal control,negative control, and black rice bran extract treatment with dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of bodyweight(b.w.). Each of them were induced to experience diabetes by alloxan 150 mg/kg of b.w. Measurement ofblood glucose levels was done by using visible spectrophotometer at 546 nm. The samples were collectedbefore and after alloxan injection, and after 4, 7, and 10 days later to observe the changes of blood glucoselevels. The results showed that black rice bran at 200 mg/kg of b.w. was able to lower the glucose levels,which amounted for 131,33 ± 8,08 mg/dL after 10 days of injection.

Melatonin has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation in the bone tissue of diabetic rats subjected to acute swimming exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mursel Bicer ◽  
Saltuk Bugra Baltaci ◽  
Suleyman Patlar ◽  
Rasim Mogulkoc ◽  
Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on lipid peroxidation in the bone tissue of diabetic rats subjected to acute swimming exercise.MethodsThe study was conducted on 80 Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats which were equally allocated to eight groups: group 1, general control; group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetic control; group 4, swimming control; group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; group 7, diabetic swimming; group 8, diabetic control. In order to induce diabetes, the animals were subcutaneously injected with 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were supplemented with 3 mg/kg/day melatonin intraperitoneally (IP) for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the animals were decapitated to collect bone tissue samples which were examined to find out the malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/g/protein) and glutathione (GSH) (mg/dL/g protein) levels.ResultsThe highest MDA values in the bone tissue were found in groups 7 and 8. MDA levels in the bone tissue in groups 3 and 6 were lower than the levels in groups 7 and 8, but higher than those in all other groups. Groups 3, 5 and 6 had the highest bone tissue GSH values. On the other hand, the lowest GSH level was established in groups 7 and 8.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicated that the cell damage caused by acute swimming exercise and diabetes in the bone tissue could be prevented by melatonin supplementation.

scholarly journals The effects of voluntary exercise and prazosin on capillary rarefaction and metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Dunford ◽  
Erwan Leclair ◽  
Julian Aiken ◽  
Erin R. Mandel ◽  
Tara L. Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist

Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) causes impairments within the skeletal muscle microvasculature. Both regular exercise and prazosin have been shown to improve skeletal muscle capillarization and metabolism in healthy rats through distinct angiogenic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent and additive effects of voluntary exercise and prazosin treatment on capillary-to-fiber ratio (C:F) in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats. STZ (65 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 36) to induce diabetes, with healthy, nondiabetic, sedentary rats ( n = 10) as controls. The STZ-treated rats were then divided into sedentary (SED) or exercising (EX; 24-h access to running wheels) groups and then further subdivided into prazosin (Praz) or water (H2O) treatment groups: nondiabetic-SED-H2O, STZ-SED-H2O, STZ-EX-H2O, STZ-SED-Praz, and STZ-EX-Praz. After 3 wk, untreated diabetes significantly reduced the C:F in tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles in the STZ-SED-H2O animals (both P < 0.05). Voluntary exercise and prazosin treatment independently resulted in a normalization of C:F within the TA (1.86 ± 0.12 and 2.04 ± 0.03 vs 1.71 ± 0.09, P < 0.05) and the soleus (2.36 ± 0.07 and 2.68 ± 0.14 vs 2.13 ± 0.12, P < 0.05). The combined STZ-EX-Praz group resulted in the highest C:F within the TA (2.26 ± 0.07, P < 0.05). Voluntary exercise volume was negatively correlated with fed blood glucose levels ( r2 = −0.7015, P < 0.01) and, when combined with prazosin, caused further enhanced nonfasted glucose ( P < 0.01). Exercise and prazosin reduced circulating nonesterified fatty acids more than either stimulus alone ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that the distinct stimulation of angiogenesis, with both regular exercise and prazosin treatment, causes a cooperative improvement in the microvascular complications associated with T1D. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is currently well established that poorly controlled diabetes reduces both skeletal muscle mass and muscle capillarization. These muscle-specific features of diabetes may, in turn, compromise insulin sensitivity and glucose control. Using a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we show the vascular complications linked with disease and how chronic exposure to exercise and prazosin (an α1-adrenergic antagonist) can reduce these complications and improve glycemic control.

scholarly journals Methanolic Extract of Maytenus Procumbens Roots Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction in Fructose-Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetic in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosinathi Cele ◽  
Sihle Ephraim Mabhida ◽  
Thembeka Nyawo ◽  
Khanyisani Ziqubu ◽  
Sthandiwe Mazibuko-Mbeje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Fructose

Erectile dysfunction (ED) due to diabetes mellitus remains difficult to treat despite advances in pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the field. Therefore, this study investigated the erectogenic effect of the methanolic extract of Maytenus procumbens roots on type 2 diabetes in rats. The fructose-streptozotocin model was used to induce type 2 diabetes-linked ED in male rats. The sexually active male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two major groups; normal group and high fructose fed group for 120 days. After 120 days, the high fructose fed group rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared streptozotocin solution (30 mg/kg). The diabetic ED rats were orally administered with the extract at 250 mg/kg, daily for 28 days. The serum, brain and penile tissues were removed for biochemical analysis and protein expression. Increased testosterone level, mounting frequency, reduced blood glucose level and serum fructosamine content was observed after 28 days of treatment in diabetic rats. Methanolic extract also exhibited an inhibitory effect on arginase, AChE, and ACE activities. The crude extract further downregulated proteins PDE-5, RhoA and increased expression of eNOS in the diabetic ED treated rats. The results obtained indicate that the methanolic extract of Maytenus procumbens roots ameliorates erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction in rats.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF COSUPPLEMENTATION THERAPY WITH VITAMINS B9, B12, AND D ON ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Fakhria Al- Joufi ◽  
Mona A El- Bana ◽  
Ihab Tewfik ◽  
Mona Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
No Production ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Vitamins D, B9, and B12 given individually or combined in ameliorating some biochemical parameters related to endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats.Methods: A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic received Vitamin D, diabetic received Vitamins B9 and B12, and diabetic received Vitamins B9, B12, and D. At the end of 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and a set of assays was carried out to determine: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum levels of Vitamins B9, B12, and D.Results: Diabetic rat received Vitamin D and diabetic rat received Vitamins B9 and B12 had a significant decline in the levels of FBS, lipid profile, and Hcy with reduced MDA (p<0.05) release but significant increase in NO level. On the same hand, diabetic rat received combined supplementation of Vitamins B9, B12, and D had more pronounced effect (p<0.00).Conclusion: Given these findings, the combined vitamins therapy had antiatherosclerotic effects by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating NO production, resulting in amelioration the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL CYTOCHEMISTRY

1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Leduc ◽  
Wilhelm Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particles

Selective extraction of specific cell components by enzyme or acid hydrolysis is possible from ultrathin sections for electron microscopy and parallel 2 µ sections for light microscopy of tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in a water-soluble polyepoxide, product X133/2097. Normal rat tissues fixed 15 minutes in formalin at 3°C are more rapidly digested by proteinases than those fixed for the same length of time at 20°C. Trypsin selectively attacks the nuclear chromatin and the ribonucleoprotein particles of the ergastroplasm, whereas mitochondria and zymogen granules resist tryptic digestion. Pepsin rapidly attacks the mitochondria and zymogen granules. The ergastoplasm and nucleus at first resist peptic digestion, but in time the entire cytoplasm and interchromatinic portion of the nucleus are attacked. Ribonuclease abolishes cytoplasmic basophilia in 2 µ sections, but parallel ultra-thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and examined in the electron microscope, show no change in the ribonucleoprotein particles of the ergastoplasm. Desoxyribonuclease alone had no effect, but after pretreatment of the sections with pepsin or hydrochloric acid, desoxyribonuclease specifically attacked the nuclear chromatin. Nucleic acid-containing structures in the sections are gradually disintegrated by perchloric acid or hydrochloric acid.

scholarly journals Micro- and submicroscopic changes of the cerebellar cortex 21 days after modeling the burn

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
N.V. Ohinska ◽  
Z.M. Nebesna ◽  
I.B. Getmanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Thiopental Sodium ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Boiled Water

The cerebellum is a complexly organized multifunctional component of the brain and a target in numerous lesions, so the study of its morphofunctional state in various pathological conditions and burns does not lose its relevance. The aim of our study was to establish the features of micro- and submicroscopic changes in the structural components of the cerebellar cortex after 21 days under conditions of experimental thermal trauma. The experimental study was simulated on white laboratory male rats. Grade III burns were applied under thiopental-sodium anesthesia with copper plates heated in boiled water to a temperature of 97-100°C. The size of the affected area was 18-20% of the epilated surface of the body of rats. Histological changes were studied for 21 days from the beginning of the experiment. Semi-thin sections for light microscopy were stained with methylene blue, for electron microscopy the obtained ultra-thin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate according to the Reynolds method. With the help of micro- and submicroscopic studies, significant alternative changes of both neurons of all layers of the cerebellar cortex and parts of the microcirculatory tract of the organ were revealed. Neurons are disorganized, their shape is changed, there is low functional activity, due to a decrease in the area of the chromatophilic substance. Often there are cell-free areas in the ganglion layer, there is a shift of Purkinje cells deep into the granular layer, and grain cells are pushed sharply into the higher molecular layer. Thus, 21 days after the experimental thermal injury, destructive-degenerative changes of neurons of the cerebellar cortex, paravasal edema and disorders of transendothelial metabolism were established.

Use of conventional embedment procedures for post-embedding immunocytochemistry of secretory proteins

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1052-1053
Author(s):  
S. I. Purdy-Ramos ◽  
E. E. Van Niel ◽  
M. S. Forbes ◽  
R. M. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Sodium Metaperiodate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lr White

The methodology of post-embedding immunocytochemistry commonly employs regimens that are more technically difficult than conventional processing and staining of specimens for transmission electron microscopy. Among these regimens are the preparation of frozen thin sections and embedment in hydrophilic acrylic resins such as Lowicryl and LR White . Cryotechnology, however, requires special equipment and exacting preparation of specimens. Use of water-soluble resins likewise demands special care; for example, embedment in LR White involves titrating the dehydration solutions and maintaining oxygen-free curing conditions (usually in gelatin capsules, making selected orientation of specimens quite difficult). It is commonly supposed that conventional treatments such as exposure to osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate en bloc, with subsequent embedment in epoxy resins, are detrimental to antigenicity.Uranyl acetate block-staining can actually enhance immunocytocheinical staining of some epitopes . Though osmicated tissues have also been successfully immunostained , it is standard procedure first to treat the thin sections on grid with an oxidizing agent such sodium metaperiodate . We have found that a polyclonal antibody to renin effectively immunostains globular inclusions (granules) in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of rat kidney. This can be accomplished both in unosmicated tissue embedded in LR White (Fig. 1) or in specimens (either intact kidney or isolated JG cells) that have been osmicated, uranyl acetate block- stained, dehydrated through 100% ethanol, and embedded in Poly/Bed epoxy resin (cured at 60 °C). Thin sections were collected on nickel grids and immunostained with Protein A-gold, without prior oxidation to remove osmium (Fig. 1). There are several distinct advantages of using the latter immunocytochemical procedure. First, tissues can be processed in a routine manner; in addition, specific orientation of specimens can easily be accomplished. Furthermore, curing of the embedment does not have to be carried out at low temperatures or in oxygen-free containers; this is particularly useful when processing cultured cells (Fig. 1).

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