Evaluating Physical Capabilities in the Elderly: The Relationship Between ADL Self-Assessments and Basic Abilities

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Myers ◽  
L. Huddy
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe relationship between ADL self-assessments and physical ability was investigated using data compiled on 128 exercise class participants. Compared with community dwelling respondents, institutionalized seniors were not only less accurate in their subjective ADL estimates, but consistently underestimated their capabilities over comparable ranges of the objective physical scale. Seniors appear to make errors estimating their functional capabilities with respect to daily activities they no longer perform and that may be restricted for reasons of institutional convenience.

scholarly journals Differences between the Sexes in the Relationship between Chronic Pain, Fatigue, and QuickDASH among Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Japan

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shimo ◽  
Yuta Sakamoto ◽  
Takashi Amari ◽  
Masaaki Chino ◽  
Rie Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elderly Healthcare ◽  
Disability Research

Chronic pain and fatigue have negative effects on the health, ADL, work, and hobbies of the elderly. As the proportion of people 65 years of age and older in the population increases, chronic pain and disability research regarding this group is receiving more consideration. However, little empirical evidence of the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and physical disability between the sexes is available. This study investigated the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly people by sex in Japan. Concerning the presence of chronic pain, 61% of males and 78% of females reported chronic pain, indicating that many elderly people living in the community suffer from chronic pain and fatigue on a daily basis. The number of sites of chronic pain was higher in females than in males (p = 0.016), with more chronic pain in the knees (p < 0.001) and upper arms (p = 0.014). Regarding chronic pain, males showed a higher correlation with QuickDASH-DS (rs = 0.433, p = 0.017) and QuickDASH-SM (rs = 0.643, p = 0.018) than females. Furthermore, fatigue also showed a higher correlation with QuickDASH-W (rs = 0.531, p = 0.003) in males than in females. These results indicate that the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and QuickDASH differed between the sexes among community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. A better understanding of the risk factors for elderly chronic pain and fatigue among sexes will facilitate the development of elderly healthcare welfare and policies.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Mexican Americans Aged 80 and Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110429
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arefi Milani ◽  
Phillip A Cantu ◽  
Abbey B. Berenson ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Design And Methods

Background and Objectives To assess gender differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among community-dwelling Mexican Americans ≥80 years. Research Design and Methods: Using data from Wave 7 (2010–2011) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, we analyzed the NPS of 914 participants as determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) with assessments conducted by their caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association of individual NPS with gender, adjusting for relevant characteristics. Results: The average age of our sample was 86.1 years, and 65.3% were women. Over 60% of participants had at least one informant/caregiver reported NPS. After adjustment, women had lower odds than men of agitation/aggression but higher odds of dysphoria/depression and anxiety. Discussion: Recognizing gender differences in NPS phenotype could help guide development of culturally appropriate NPS screening and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Occlusal Force and Endothelial Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanna Kato ◽  
Naoko Matsuda ◽  
Miki Takahata ◽  
Chika Koseki ◽  
Michiyasu Yamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Prolonged healthy life expectancy, which is duration without the requirement of any kind of help for activities of daily living (ADL), is essential to ensure a long life with a good quality of living in the community. Further, local residents should understand their health conditions and live consciously to prolong healthy life expectancy. The development of a simple general health indicator is necessary. Both occlusal force and flow-medicated dilation (FMD) which reflects endothelial function are useful tools for understanding the general condition of the elderly. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between occlusal force and endothelial function. In the present study we examined this relationship, occlusal force measurement can be a good indicator of the general condition of the elderly. Methods: In 38 community-dwelling women(aged 76.7 ±5.7 years), we measured occlusal force,　grip strength, endothelial function evaluated by FMD, advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In this study we investigate we investigated the relationship between occlusal force, measurement items, and factors independently related to endothelial dysfunction (FMD<7％). Results: There were significantly correlation between occlusal force and grip strength (r=0.54, p<0.01). Degree of FMD significantly associated with occlusal force (r=0.60, p<0.01) and grip strength (r=0.35, p<0.05) or amount of increased AGEs (r=-0.37, p<0.05). Occlusal force was independently associated with degree of FMD after adjusting for age, AGEs, and grip strength (p < 0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between occlusal force and FMD. Occlusal force can be an important indicator of endothelial function in community-dwelling elderly. This study may help understanding general health of elderly in community.

scholarly journals Lack of Evidence for Age Differences in Pain Beliefs

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Gagliese ◽  
Ronald Melzack
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in two studies, whether there are any age differences in beliefs about the role of psychological, organic and ageing factors in the experience of chronic pain.SUBJECTS: Healthy adults free from chronic pain ranging in age from 18 to 86 years (first study); adults with chronic pain due to arthritis, fibromyalgia or other rheumatological disorders ranging in age from 27 to 79 years (second study).MATERIALS: In both studies, subjects completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire which was modified to measure beliefs about the relationship between pain and ageing. In addition, subjects completed various self-assessments of health, pain intensity and depression. Those with chronic pain also completed the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale.RESULTS: There was no evidence of any age differences in beliefs about pain in either the pain-free or chronic pain samples. There was some evidence that elderly patients may report less pain, but there were no age differences found on measures of depression or self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: The elderly were no more likely than younger persons to associate pain with the normal ageing process than with organic factors such as tissue damage, nor were they more likely to deny the importance of psychological factors to the pain experience.

scholarly journals Relationship between Maximum Tongue Pressure Value and Age, Occlusal Status, or Body Mass Index among the Community-Dwelling Elderly

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Hiroki Suzuki ◽  
Yasunori Ayukawa ◽  
Yoko Ueno ◽  
Ikiru Atsuta ◽  
Akio Jinnouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objectives: In an aging society, the maintenance of the oral function of the elderly is of importance for the delay or prevention of frailty and long-term care. In the present study, we focused on the maximum tongue pressure (MTP) value and analyzed the relationship between MTP and age, occlusal status, or body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This one-center observatory study was conducted using a cohort consisting of 205 community-dwelling outpatients over 65 years old. The MTP values of all subjects were measured using a commercially available tongue pressure measurement device and statistically analyzed. In addition, the correlation between MTP value and BMI was analyzed. Results: The MTP value decreased with age, especially in subjects classified as Eichner B and C. The difference in occlusal status did not show any statistically significant influence on MTP value. The correlation between BMI and MTP value was indicated in the tested groups other than an age of 65–74 and Eichner A groups. Conclusions: Although MTP value decreased with age, the difference in occlusal status did not have an impact on MTP value. The correlation between BMI and MTP value was not shown in the youngest group or a group with sufficient occlusal units. The results presented in the present study may imply that, even if MTP is low, younger age and/or better occlusal status compensate for the inferior MTP value in the cohort studied.

scholarly journals Impact of Insomnia in the Elderly: The Correlation between Snoring and Apnea/Hypopnea Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between snoring and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea index in community dwelling older men and women. In this retrospective case-series study, the author was using a sequential collection of clinical datum design. There were 124 community-dwelling elders (mean age=71.85 years, Standard Deviation=4.85 years) with complaints of sleep disturbance. Including 46 females (F: M= 1:1.71), all the total subjects with sleep disturbance, after meeting the following criteria of exclusion: age below 65 years, heart failure, and chronic obstructive lung disease, were admitted to the sleep medicine laboratory where sleep questionnaire was used. They underwent in laboratory over-night polysomnography (PSG). The period of this study was 13 months; the total number of subjects whom took PSG in this Sleep Center Laboratory was 1,087 individuals during this period. The proposed neural model used is a generalized regression neural network (GRNN). This neural model has some advantages such as cost and time efficiencies in relation to experimental measurements. The training speed of the proposed technique is faster and the network architecture is simpler. In all likelihood, this model can be used in clinical applications that can reduce the necessity of in-laboratory nocturnal sleep studies since it has surpassed current classification approaches in terms of accuracy, simplicity, cost, time efficiency, and generalization. The correlation between snoring and AH1 was evaluated, though there was no measurement of vasopressin-positive and vasoactive-intestinal-polypeptide (AVP) neurons in postmortem examination of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), as there was no death case. To the contrary, focus was set on the analysis of sleep disturbances that could be interpreted as the result of altered SCN function. The relationship between Snoring and AHI for the elderly with regard to its clue and impact on INSOMNIA is presented. The relationship between clinical sleep apnea and the physiological events surrounding the octogenarians was assessed. Clinically no indication for any brain tissue biopsy.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISORDERS IN OLD AGE AND SENILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
В.В. Попов ◽  
И. А. Новикова ◽  
А.Г. Соловьев ◽  
М.В. Трохова
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Для выявления взаимосвязи психических и физических нарушений в пожилом и старческом возрасте были обследованы 70 пациентов одной из поликлиник Архангельска, в том числе лица 60-74 лет - 56 (80 %), 75 лет и старше - 14 (20 %). Проведено анкетирование, изучены данные амбулаторных карт, использована оценка клинического статуса, а также методики для определения психического и физического состояния. Наиболее частыми психическими и физическими нарушениями были когнитивные и депрессивные расстройства, высокий риск синдрома мальнутриции, саркопении и синдрома падений, ухудшение функциональных возможностей, при этом больные старческого возраста имели достоверно более выраженные нарушения. Показано, что у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста когнитивные и депрессивные расстройства повышают риск синдрома падения и снижают функциональные возможности, а в старческом возрасте - увеличивают риск синдрома саркопении. In order to identify the relationship between mental and physical disorders in the elderly and senile age, 70 patients were examined in one of the clinics in Arkhangelsk, including 56 (80 %) persons aged 60-74 years and 14 (20 %) people aged 75 years and older. A questionnaire was conducted, data from outpatient records were studied, and the clinical status assessment was used, as well as methods for determining mental and physical condition. The most frequent mental and physical disorders were the cognitive and depressive disorders presence, a high risk of malnutrition syndrome, sarcopenia and falls syndrome, reduced functional capabilities, while senile patients had significantly more pronounced disorders. It has been shown that the cognitive and depressive disorders presence in the elderly and senile increases the falling syndrome risk and reduced functional capabilities, and in old age - sarcopenia syndrome.

scholarly journals Disability, Frailty and Depression in the Community-dwelling Elderly with Osteosarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Soo Park ◽  
Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽  
Sung-Hyo Seo ◽  
Young-Mi Seo ◽  
Jun-Il Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression.Methods: This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist (frailty), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) were used. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) were applied in this study. Osteopenia was measured using data from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and osteopenia was diagnosed when the T-score was less than -1.0.The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia.Results: Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS (17.5, 95% CI: 14.8-20.1), Kaigo-Yobo (3.0, 95% CI: 2.6-3.4), and GDSSF mean score (4.6, 95% CI: 3.9-5.4) were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups. Partial eta squared (ηp2) of WHODAS (0.199) and Kaigo-Yobo (0.148) values ​​according to Osteosarcopenia were large, and GDSSF (0.096) was medium.Conclusions: Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the elderly community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the elderly, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.

scholarly journals Persistent Disability Six Months after Initial Disability Less Likely in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Raj Shah ◽  
Katherine Webb ◽  
Joanne Ryan ◽  
Rory Wolfe ◽  
Michael Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Persistent Disability

Abstract Many community-dwelling older adults develop activity of daily living (ADL) disability and subsequently regain function. Using data from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) clinical trial, we examined the relationship of gender, incident disability, and persistent disability 6 months after the incident disability. Walking, bathing, dressing, transferring, toileting, and eating were assessed as ADLs, at bi-annual interviews. ADL disability was defined as requiring help with or inability to do or severe difficulty with ≥1 ADL; persistent disability was an ADL loss at 6 months after a first (incident) ADL disability. Discrete time, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was utilized to estimate associations with developing incident ADL disability described as cause-specific hazard ratios, with death as a competing outcome. For persons with incident ADL disability, odds of developing persistent disability at 6 months as compared to recovery was determined using multivariable logistic regression. These analyses included 18,414 (51.6% women) ASPREE participants in the United States and Australia aged 70+ years (65+ years if U.S. ethnic minority) without ADL disability at trial entry. During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 1,485 participants (63.2% women) developed an incident ADL disability, and, of those, 272 (57.0% women) met criteria for persistent disability at 6 months. Women had an increased risk (HR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.32) of developing incident ADL disability; however, women were less likely to have persistent disability versus recovery 6 months later (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.49 to 0.89). Why persistent disability development is lower in older women needs further exploration.

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