Robert L. Brown. Economic Security in an Aging Population. Butterworths Perspectives on Individual and Population Aging series. Toronto and Vancouver: Butterworths, 1991, pp. 137.

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Denis Fugère
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Security ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTRobert Brown's work constitutes an excellent synthesis of the foreseeable evolution of income-security plans, as regards seniors and the problems relative to these plans in an aging-of-the-population context. However, it contains nothing new on the measures that the State should institute to diminish the effects of an aging population. Brown believes that retirement plans implemented by employers as well as personal retirement-savings plans should be the preferred forms of retirement savings encouraged by the government. Within this framework, the fiscal reform of 1990, which significantly increases the allowable deductions for a registered-retirement savings plan, comprises a step in the right direction. Unlike the author, I believe that public retirement plans like the Quebec Pension Plan (Q.P.P.) and the Canada Pension Plan (C.P.P.) should constitute the cornerstone of any policy on income security upon retirement. Consequently, in a an-aging-of-the-population context, it seems important to rapidly increase the level of contribution to these plans, in order to better capitalize them and to stabilize the long-term level of contribution. We should also study the possibility of integrating the old age income-security pension into these plans, so that the level of compensation for revenue from work guaranteed by the public plan is stabilized at a rate of 70 per cent for low-income earners and 40 per cent for middle-income earners, as is the case in the American social security plan.

Impact of COVID-19 on FDIs, Remittances and Foreign Aids: A Case Study of Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962097420
Author(s):  
Gaurav Bhattarai ◽  
Binita Subedi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The global economy has been severely paralysed, owing to the unprecedented crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, and different studies have indicated that the crisis is relatively more maleficent to the lower-income and middle-income economies. Methodologically, this study relied on the review and analysis of the grey literature, media reporting and data published by the Asian Development Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations (UN), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) among others. The article begins by describing the impact of the pandemic on low-income and middle-income countries, and it discusses how they have responded to the crisis. While discussions have surfaced regarding whether COVID-19 will reverse the process of globalization, what will be its impact on the low-income country like Nepal? The study also highlights that with foreign direct investments speculated to shrink and foreign assistance and remittance taking a hit, how is Nepal struggling to keep its economy afloat? Analysing the new budget that the government unveiled in 2020, this study concludes with a note that instead of effectively implementing the plans and policies directed by the budget, Nepal is unnecessarily engaged in political mess and is needlessly being dragged into the geopolitical complications.

scholarly journals Role of Public Sector Bank in Financial Inclusion of Low or Middle Income Group in Chennai

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Behavioral Ethics ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
The Government

The role of public sector bank, in raising the economic equality on low income or middle income group, the term financial inclusion emphasis on redistribution of income within the same household, the deprive section of society avail the benefit with some standard provided by the government and how the approach have been taken by public sector bank to distribute the same and their behavioral ethics trail over the schemes. The study focused the dominant properties which fabricate imperative on financial inclusion among various categories of customers in public sector banks and also investigated the recognition of public in stand point of financial assistance and financial features offered by public sector bank through correlation statistical analysis with the sample of 200 with Chennai arena..

scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis Utilization Globally and Opportunities in Lower Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric Finkelstein ◽  
Qamar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
End Stage

There has been an expansion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilization globally over the past several years. This has occurred for several reasons. First, there has been a global increase in the number of patients receiving end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment in high income, middle income and low income countries. Second, recent studies have emphasized the reduced cost of PD compared to hemodialysis (HD) if PD supplies can be acquired at a reasonable cost.  Thirdly, it is now widely accepted that since PD is much simpler to do than HD (that is, it does not require large amounts of water, complex water treatment systems, electricity, and machinery), the use of PD in low resource countries has certain obvious advantages. Fourthly, it has become clear from experiences in Hong Kong and Thailand that have developed PD First programs (i.e. the government paying for ESKD care only if PD eligible patients start on PD rather than HD) and programs in Mexico (where there has been limited availability of HD centers) that the vast majority of patients with ESKD, even in low resource countries, are able to successfully be cared for with PD.  And, importantly, as programs expand in low resource countries and experience is gained, outcomes of  PD improve.  Lastly, the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) has developed comprehensive guidelines for the care of PD patients that has resulted in a dramatic improvement in outcomes for PD patients over the last several years.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES ON URBAN AGEING IN HIGH DENSITY SETTLEMENTS: Relationship of built-environment attributes and lifestyle of elderly in Western province, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Jayaratne ◽  
◽  
I. Rajapaksha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related

Urbanization and population aging are two key phenomena in the twenty-first century that concerns the elders living in cities, especially those in low- and middle-income countries like Sri Lanka. In such a setting, understanding the responsiveness of the built environment for active aging is crucial. However, even the few available studies are prioritized on health rather than the built environment attributes. Therefore, this study aims to assess the built environment attributes related to elders, for the first time, in developing countries like Sri Lanka. The assessment method composes of two case studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka with a questionnaire survey, an axial map, and a frequency analysis using the SPSS software. The case studies comprise of a middle-income and a low-income settlement both with high population density. The analysis results explicitly informed that, in comparison, the middle-income settlement is more adversely affected by the built environment response related to health and social relationships. This finding is further supported by the prominence in health-related issues of loneliness (ρ-value .042) and lack of freedom (ρ-value .014) in the middle-income settlement. The built environment attributes were ranked based on their significance in correlation with the Quality-of-Life measures and the individual age-related characteristics. This was further developed for an appraisal that assesses health-related aspects of built environment response for vulnerable age groups like elders. The findings and the appraisal could support the future decision-making process of the National health budget and future urban design interventions since Sri Lanka has the highest South Asian aging population.

POPULATION AGING, MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ASIAN ECONOMIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 1842009
Author(s):  
JIUN-NAN PAN ◽  
MING-LEI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Middle Income Trap ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Population aging and the middle-income trap are serious problems felt worldwide, especially in terms of their powerful influence on economic growth. In order to explore the relationships among population aging, middle-income trap, and economic growth, this study uses a panel data of 27 economies in Asia from 1995 to 2016. The primary finding of this study is that lower-middle-income economies are facing the problem of middle-income trap, indicating that the economic growth rates of lower-middle-income economies are slowing down. In addition, population aging has a statistically significant and negative influence on the growth rate of GDP in the high-income economies, but it has a statistically significant and positive influence on the growth rate of GDP in the low-income and lower-middle-income economies. This study suggests that increasing women’s labor participation, technology innovation, and immigration could solve the problems of population aging and the middle-income trap.

Attracting Factors of Retirement Village Migration: A Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mohamad Naqiuddin Md Mansor ◽  
Siti Noorsuriani Maon ◽  
Mumtaz Ahmad ◽  
Norzaidi Mohd Daud
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
The Government

Aging population remains a global phenomenon in this new millennium and is poised to become a major issue in developing countries. Malaysia is one of upper middle income country that is experiencing rapid aging of its population. Most of the time, aging population associated with abandonment by family and loneliness. As Malaysia’s ageing population is keep increasing, the need for an environment for fellowship and social interaction while enjoying the support services and amenities is becoming critical for retirees. The present study aim to investigate the attracting factors associated with a retirement village migration. Based on the literature review, four attracting factors have been identified that are facilities, environment, lifestyle, and healthcare status. This study is in progress, thus the expected outcome will helps the government to develop a retirement village that suit with Malaysia culture and preferences.

The provincial trend of population aging in China – based on population expansion forecast formula

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lingyun Duan ◽  
Ziyuan Liu ◽  
Wen Yu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Dongyan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
The Government ◽  
Population Prediction

China is one of the countries that have entered the stage of population aging. At present, the phenomenon of aging population has become a widespread concern of the whole society. Scientific and accurate prediction of aging population will help relevant departments to formulate specific countermeasures. This paper uses the Yearbook of China’s 1% population sampling survey in 2015 and the data published by the National Bureau of statistics. Based on the basic population prediction formula, the population prediction formula is established by using the index extrapolation method to predict the population aging development trend of provinces and cities in China from 2020 to 2050. The results show that: China’s aging degree will continue to increase, the size of the elderly population will continue to increase, 2020–2030 will be a period of rapid growth of the national population aging, after then the aging ratio will decline. The government should formulate security countermeasures for the elderly from various aspects as soon as possible and actively respond to aging the population.

Chronic kidney disease and the aging population

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Marcello Tonelli ◽  
Miguel Riella
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The proportion of older people in the general population is steadily increasing worldwide, with the most rapid growth in low- and middle-income countries [1]. This demographic change is to be celebrated, because it is the consequence of socio-economic development and a better life expectancy. However, population aging also has important implications on society – in diverse areas including health systems, labour markets, public policy, social programmes, and family dynamics [2]. A successful response to the aging population will require capitalising on opportunities this transition offers, as well as effectively addressing its challenges.

Ethiopia’s homegrown economic reforms face challenges

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

Subject Outlook for Ethiopia's economic reform agenda. Significance The government has launched a “Homegrown Economic Reform” agenda, which aims to transform Ethiopia from a largely agrarian low-income country to an industrialised lower-middle-income country by 2030. This will require the private sector to take charge of growth amid waning public sector financing capacity. However, significant economic liberalisation within this timeframe is unrealistic given the entrenched nature of the old command economy. Impacts Ethiopia has overtaken Angola as Sub-Saharan Africa’s third-largest economy but slowing growth could threaten this new status. The large external debt burden and high import content of the new agenda will curb plans to liberalise the exchange rate. Ethio Telecom and Ethiopian Airlines will be the crown jewels among proposed privatisation offerings.

scholarly journals Tobacco control in Nepal during a time of government turmoil (1960–2006)

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Bhatta ◽  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
Stella Bialous ◽  
Stanton Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Tobacco Company ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
The Government ◽  
Transnational Tobacco Companies

BackgroundNepal was a monarchy, then a dictatorship, then a democracy. This paper reviews how tobacco control progressed in Nepal in the context of these changes in government from 1950 through 2006.MethodsWe triangulated tobacco industry documents, newspaper articles and key informant interviews.ResultsUntil 1983, the tobacco industry was mostly state owned. Transnational tobacco companies entered the Nepalese market through ventures with Surya Tobacco Company Private Limited (with Imperial Tobacco Company and British American Tobacco) in 1983 and Seti Cigarette Factory Limited (with Philip Morris International [PMI]) in 1985. Seminars and conferences on tobacco, celebrations of World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) and efforts by WHO helped promote tobacco control in Nepal beginning in the 1970s. Tobacco advocates in Nepal pushed the government to issue executive orders banning smoking in public places in 1992 and tobacco advertising in electronic media in 1998, and to introduce a tobacco health tax in 1993. The tobacco industry lobbied against these measures and succeeded in keeping the tobacco tax low by challenging it in court. Tobacco advocates sued the government in 2003 and 2005, resulting in a June 2006 Supreme Court decision upholding the smoking and advertising bans and requiring the government to enact a comprehensive tobacco control law.ConclusionsPolitical instability, conflict, weak governance and the dictatorship significantly affect tobacco control activities in low-income and middle-income countries. Nepal shows that tobacco control advocates can take advantage of global events, such as WNTD, and use domestic litigation to maintain support from civil societies and to advocate for stronger tobacco control policies.

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