La mortalité violente des personnes âgées dans les pays industrialisés durant la période 1985–1989

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-298
Author(s):  
Valérie Courville ◽  
Robert Bourbeau
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Mortality Ratio

ABSTRACTA comparative analysis of injury mortality in 24 developed countries during the period 1985–1989 shows the importance of this cause of death among the elderly. One out of four men and one out of two women who dies from injury is aged 65 and over. There is an over-representation of the elderly among injury-related deaths and the risk of death is still increasing after age 65. Some differences can be noted for the elderly as compared to other age groups: a lower male excess mortality ratio and a much larger proportion of violent deaths related to accidental falls. Among developed countries, a wide scope of variations exists in age groups and cause-specific patterns. Hierarchical clustering is used to obtain different aggregations of countries, based on the level, the structure and the causes of violent mortality. Although the classification of countries varies according to a chosen criteria, we often find aggregations of countries belonging to the geographical area.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Mohannad Al Nsour
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Excess Deaths

BACKGROUND All-cause mortality and estimates of excess deaths are commonly used in different countries to estimate the burden of COVID-19 and assess its direct and indirect effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan in April-December 2020. METHODS Official data on deaths in Jordan for 2020 and previous years (2016-2019) were obtained from the Department of Civil Status. We contrasted mortality rates in 2020 with those in each year and the pooled period 2016-2020 using a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) measure. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated by fitting the overdispersed Poisson generalized linear models to the monthly death counts for the period of 2016-2019. RESULTS Overall, a 21% increase in standardized mortality (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.22) occurred in April-December 2020 compared with the April-December months in the pooled period 2016-2019. The SMR was more pronounced for men than for women (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.24-1.29 vs SMR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.14), and it was statistically significant for both genders (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Using overdispersed Poisson generalized linear models, the number of expected deaths in April-December 2020 was 12,845 (7957 for women and 4888 for men). The total number of excess deaths during this period was estimated at 4583 (95% CI 4451-4716), with higher excess deaths in men (3112, 95% CI 3003-3221) than in women (1503, 95% CI 1427-1579). Almost 83.66% of excess deaths were attributed to COVID-19 in the Ministry of Health database. The vast majority of excess deaths occurred in people aged 60 years or older. CONCLUSIONS The reported COVID-19 death counts underestimated mortality attributable to COVID-19. Excess deaths could reflect the increased deaths secondary to the pandemic and its containment measures. The majority of excess deaths occurred among old age groups. It is, therefore, important to maintain essential services for the elderly during pandemics.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan: Secondary Data Analysis

10.2196/32559 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e32559
Author(s):  
Yousef Khader ◽  
Mohannad Al Nsour
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Excess Deaths

Background All-cause mortality and estimates of excess deaths are commonly used in different countries to estimate the burden of COVID-19 and assess its direct and indirect effects. Objective This study aimed to analyze the excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan in April-December 2020. Methods Official data on deaths in Jordan for 2020 and previous years (2016-2019) were obtained from the Department of Civil Status. We contrasted mortality rates in 2020 with those in each year and the pooled period 2016-2020 using a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) measure. Expected deaths for 2020 were estimated by fitting the overdispersed Poisson generalized linear models to the monthly death counts for the period of 2016-2019. Results Overall, a 21% increase in standardized mortality (SMR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.22) occurred in April-December 2020 compared with the April-December months in the pooled period 2016-2019. The SMR was more pronounced for men than for women (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.24-1.29 vs SMR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.14), and it was statistically significant for both genders (P<.05). Using overdispersed Poisson generalized linear models, the number of expected deaths in April-December 2020 was 12,845 (7957 for women and 4888 for men). The total number of excess deaths during this period was estimated at 4583 (95% CI 4451-4716), with higher excess deaths in men (3112, 95% CI 3003-3221) than in women (1503, 95% CI 1427-1579). Almost 83.66% of excess deaths were attributed to COVID-19 in the Ministry of Health database. The vast majority of excess deaths occurred in people aged 60 years or older. Conclusions The reported COVID-19 death counts underestimated mortality attributable to COVID-19. Excess deaths could reflect the increased deaths secondary to the pandemic and its containment measures. The majority of excess deaths occurred among old age groups. It is, therefore, important to maintain essential services for the elderly during pandemics.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis on Residents’ Reservation Willingness for Bus Service Based on Option Price

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Zheng ◽  
Tomio Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Option Price ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
City Size ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services

Population decline is a pressing issue facing Japan and other developed countries. Local governments in Japan are seeking solutions to insure they meet the daily travel demands of the elderly. Although subsidy for local bus companies is a highly practical policy, a careful investigation to determine its reasonable level is required. This paper investigates the option price of local bus services, that is, the willingness of residents to pay to maintain the services and attempts to gain insights on a reasonable level of subsidy for local bus companies. A comparative analysis among age groups and different city size groups was made. The result showed that elderly residents show a higher option price value than younger and middle-age residents.

scholarly journals Temporal analysis of reported cases of tuberculosis and of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Brazil between 2002 and 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Simões Gaspar ◽  
◽  
Natália Nunes ◽  
Marina Nunes ◽  
Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Risk Of Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the reported cases of tuberculosis and of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in Brazil between 2002 and 2012. Methods: This was an observational study based on secondary time series data collected from the Brazilian Case Registry Database for the 2002-2012 period. The incidence of tuberculosis was stratified by gender, age group, geographical region, and outcome, as was that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection. Results: Nationally, the incidence of tuberculosis declined by 18%, whereas that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection increased by 3.8%. There was an overall decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, despite a significant increase in that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in women. The incidence of tuberculosis decreased only in the 0- to 9-year age bracket, remaining stable or increasing in the other age groups. The incidence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection increased by 209% in the ≥ 60-year age bracket. The incidence of tuberculosis decreased in all geographical regions except the south, whereas that of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection increased by over 150% in the north and northeast. Regarding the outcomes, patients with tuberculosis-HIV co-infection, in comparison with patients infected with tuberculosis only, had a 48% lower chance of cure, a 50% greater risk of treatment nonadherence, and a 94% greater risk of death from tuberculosis. Conclusions: Our study shows that tuberculosis continues to be a relevant public health issue in Brazil, because the goals for the control and cure of the disease have yet to be achieved. In addition, the sharp increase in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection in women, in the elderly, and in the northern/northeastern region reveals that the population of HIV-infected individuals is rapidly becoming more female, older, and more impoverished.

scholarly journals International strategies in the face of aging population

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Drop ◽  
Marian Jędrych ◽  
Agnieszka Barańska ◽  
Ewelina Firlej ◽  
Mariola Janiszewska
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
International Strategies

Abstract Introduction. Population aging poses many important economic, social, and health challenges to the modern world. This applies mostly to developed countries. The phenomenon requires joint action of Member States of the European Union, the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the Council of Europe as well as some unified strategies for the actions taken by these entities. Aim. The aim of this study was to demonstrate international strategies implemented in the face of demographic changes. Material and methods. The authors analyzed the documents outlining strategies for both organizations and entities, as well as recommendations for international scientific consultation on strategy of the aging population. Results. Analysis of changes happening to the oldest age groups showed the need for cooperation between countries. An overview of the strategies being taken at the moment and those that had been undertaken previously by international entities can contribute to modify the arrangements of the elderly; in order to improve the living conditions in multidimensional aspect. Conclusions. The key to achieving the desired effect through implementing the policies of individual countries is to monitor them on a regular basis.

scholarly journals MORTALITY RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN BRAZIL FROM 1980 TO 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Coimbra OLIVEIRA ◽  
Marco Antônio Vasconcelos RÊGO
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Us ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Mortality

ABSTRACT Background - Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide, and variation in its mortality rates indicates the importance of environmental factors in its occurrence. While trend studies have indicated a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality rates in most developed countries, the same trends have not been observed in developing countries. Moreover, trends may differ when analyzed by age and sex. Objective - The present study aimed to analyze the trends in risk of colorectal cancer death in Brazil based on sex and age group. Methods - Death records were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health. The risk of death and the average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the mortality rates were estimated using joinpoint analysis of long-term trends from 1980 to 2013. All of the statistical tests were two-sided and had a significance level of 5%. Results - Colorectal cancer mortality rates were found to have increased in the last 15 years for both sexes and for all age ranges. The rate ratio (RR) was statistically higher at ages 70 to 79 for men (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.26; 1.49) compared to women (RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06; 1.24). Increases in AAPC were observed in both sexes. Although men presented higher percent changes (AAPC: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1; 2.6) compared to women (AAPC: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.4; 2.0), this difference was not statistically significant. Growth trends in mortality rates occurred in all age groups except for in women over 70. Conclusion - Unlike Europe and the US, Brazil has shown increases in death rates due to colorectal cancer in the last three decades; however, more favorable trends were observed in women over 70 years old. The promotion of healthier lifestyles in addition to early diagnosis and improved treatment should guide the public health policies targeting reductions in colorectal cancer.

Excess mortality in Italy: Should we care about low influenza vaccine uptake?

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francia Fausto ◽  
Pandolfi Paolo ◽  
Odone Anna ◽  
Signorelli Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Aims: The aims of this study were to explore 2015 mortality data further and to assess excess deaths’ determinants. Methods: We analysed data from a large metropolitan area in the north of Italy, the city of Bologna. We took advantage of a comprehensive local-level database and merged three different data sources to analitically explore reported 2014–2015 excess mortality and its determinants. Effect estimates were derived from multivariable Poisson regression analysis, according to vaccination status and frailty index. Results: We report 9.8% excess mortality in 2015 compared to 2014, with seasonal and age distribution patterns in line with national figures. All-cause mortality in the elderly population is 36% higher (risk ratio [RR]=1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–1.45) in subjects not vaccinated against seasonal flu compared to vaccinated subjects, with risk of death for influenza or pneumonia being 43% higher (RR=1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.00) in unvaccinated subjects. Conclusions: Reported excess mortality’s determinants in Italy should be further explored. Elderly subjects not vaccinated against the flu appear to have increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality compared to vaccinated subjects after accounting for possible confounders. Our findings raise awareness of the need to promote immunisation against the flu among elder populations and offer insights to plan and implement effective public-health interventions.

Psychiatry and the Burden of Mental Illness

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C Bland
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Changing Practice

Objective: To examine the morbidity produced by mental disorders, to project changes in morbidity likely to be produced by demographic and economic change, and to review the possible role of psychiatry in the health care system. Methods: Using prevalence data for psychiatric disorders and population projections, this paper presents the likely changes in morbidity over the next 20 years. A review of social and economic information indicates changes in social attitudes and their effects on mental health. This paper examines the determinants of health and how they are likely to change and explores some possible directions for changes in health care delivery. Results: Psychiatric disorders have been greatly underestimated as a cause of disability but account for 5 of the 10 leading causes of disability and 47.2% of all years lived with a disability (YLD) in developed countries. By 2016, there will be significant changes in the distribution and type of psychiatric disorders seen in the population, with cases of dementia almost doubling. Most of the population growth will be in the older age-groups, who will be well informed and will demand high standards of service. The gap between rich and poor will increase, and the results of childhood poverty and abuse will become more apparent. The disadvantaged, including many mentally ill, will suffer deprivation as disability payments decline, but youth unemployment will improve, possibly reducing crime rates. Forced early retirements will decline. Alternative medicine will make inroads into health care. A crisis in subsidized accommodation for the elderly can be anticipated, which perhaps will lead to reopening institutions that are currently being closed or to developing new forms of care. As the baby boomers pass 50 years of age and begin consuming health care services, governments will revise plans and eligibility for services; users will pay for services more directly. Conclusions: Psychiatry is very vulnerable to minor changes in health care schemes and will increasingly be called on to show economic arguments to justify its services. Pressure to support a primary care model by changing practice styles, developing new skills, and training practitioners will probably occur. The major growth area likely will be geriatric psychiatry.

scholarly journals Utazás előtti tanácsadás és betegedukáció a magyar utazóknál

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lengyel ◽  
Péter Felkai
Keyword(s):  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
The Given

Abstract: Introduction: According to international surveys, over half of the travellers face some kind of health issue when travelling. The overwhelming majority of travel-related illnesses can be prevented with pre-travel medical consultations, but the syllabus and content of the consultation have to match the travel habits and culture of the given society. Aim: This publication explores the specificities and travel habits of Hungarian travellers. Method: One hundred participants of a travel exhibition completed a survey about their international travel. As the survey was not representative, the data could only be processed through simple statistical methods. However, since the exhibition was presumably attended by those wishing to travel, the conclusions drawn from the results are worth publishing, since no similar survey in Hungary has been published before. Results: Based on the suitable classification of age groups in travel medicine, 11% of the participants were adolescents / young adults (aged 15–24), 81% adults (25–59) and 8% elderly (60–74). Twenty-eight percent of the participants travel multiple times a year, 40% yearly and 32% of them less frequently; 16% of the adults, 8% of the adolescents and 4% of the elderly age group travel multiple times a year. Conclusions: The travel destinations of Hungarian travellers have remained practically unchanged since a study was conducted 13 years ago: the vast majority (95%) travelled within Europe, 2% to the United States, and 11% of them elsewhere. Since Hungarians do not travel to endemic areas, only 5% consulted their general practitioners (GPs) prior to travelling, and 29% did when they had to be vaccinated. Forty-two percent of those wishing to travel never consult their GPs, even though 29% of them are aware of some chronic illness. Instead, 51% gather their health information from the internet and only 6% from their doctors. By the contradiction between the poor health status of the majority of Hungarian travellers and the negligence of seeking pre-travel advice, our survey clearly points out the importance of the propagation of doctor’s advice before trips, even if the travellers visit exclusively non-endemic countries like the European Union. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(9): 357–362.

scholarly journals Subnational mortality estimates for India in 2019: a baseline for evaluating excess deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e007399
Author(s):  
Chalapati Rao ◽  
Amrit Jose John ◽  
Ajit Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mansha Siraj
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Estimates

BackgroundEstimates of excess mortality are required to assess and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across populations. For India, reliable baseline prepandemic mortality patterns at national and subnational level are necessary for such assessments. However, available data from the Civil Registration System (CRS) is affected by incompleteness of death recording that varies by sex, age and location.MethodsUnder-reporting of CRS 2019 deaths was assessed for three age groups (< 5 years, 15–59 years and ≥60 years) at subnational level, through comparison with age-specific death rates from alternate sources. Age-specific corrections for under-reporting were applied to derive adjusted death counts by sex for each location. These were used to compute life expectancy (LE) at birth by sex in 2019, which were compared with subnational LEs from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study.ResultsA total of 9.92 million deaths (95% UI 9.70 to 10.02) were estimated across India in 2019, about 2.28 million more than CRS reports. Adjustments to under-five and elderly mortality accounted for 30% and 56% of additional deaths, respectively. Adjustments in Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh accounted for 75% of all additional deaths. Adjusted LEs were below corresponding GBD estimates by ≥2 years for males at national level and in 20 states, and by ≥1 year for females in 12 states.ConclusionsThese results represent the first-ever subnational mortality estimates for India derived from CRS reported deaths, and serve as a baseline for assessing excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic. Adjusted life expectancies indicate higher mortality patterns in India than previously perceived. Under-reporting of infant deaths and those among women and the elderly is evident in many locations. Further CRS strengthening is required to improve the empirical basis for local mortality measurement across the country.

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