Influence of Narrow Row/High Population Corn (Zea mays) on Weed Control and Light Transmittance

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Population Treatment

Field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1992 to determine whether no-tillage corn grown in 38-cm rows and a 2× population could improve weed control relative to 76-cm rows and 1× population under reduced-herbicide options. A standard treatment including 1.12 kg ai/ha of atrazine plus 2.24 kg ai/ha of metolachlor was compared with a treatment including the same herbicides applied at 25% of the standard rates. Both treatments included 0.56 kg ai/ha of paraquat which controlled annual weeds established at the time of application. Weed control was less in the 25%-herbicide treatment than in the standard treatment in two of four years when corn was grown in 76-cm rows with a l× population. The 25%-herbicide treatment provided weed control and grain yields similar to the standard treatment in each year when corn was grown in 38-cm rows with a 2× population. Weed control was poor and yield was reduced when no herbicides were applied regardless of row spacing or population. The leaf canopy of corn in the 38-cm row/2×-population treatment reduced light transmittance 1 wk earlier than corn in the 76-cm row/1×-population treatment.

Herbicides Applied Sequentially for Economical Control of Annual Weeds in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Annual Weeds

Twelve sequential herbicide treatments were compared to cycloate (S-ethylN-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate), a standard treatment, for control of annual weeds in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.) in three field experiments conducted from 1971 through 1977. At harvest, seven sequential treatments had less than 10 annual broadleaf weeds per 30 m of row, whereas there were 40 broadleaf weeds per 30 m of row for the cycloate treatment. Four of these sequential treatments had significantly higher root yields and net returns than the cycloate treatment. Dependent on the sequential treatment and year, tonnage was increased 7.3 to 20.3 t/ha, and net returns $150 to $515/ha above those with cycloate. The most effective sequential treatment for control of weeds was a preplanting mixture of 2.2 kg/ha of ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] plus 1.7 kg/ha of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} followed by a postemergence mixture of 0,6 kg/ha each of desmedipham [ethylm-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)] plus phenmedipham (methylm-hydroxycarbanilatem-methylcarbanilate). This sequential herbicide treatment increased root yields by an average of 20.3 t/ha and net returns by $515/ha above those with cycloate.

Chemical weed control in potatoes

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Maurice Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Annual Weeds

Dinoseb and TCA were successfully used to control weeds in potatoes by Robertson (1960), and Wood, Sutherland & Stephens (1960). Since then many investigations have been carried out on the use of newer herbicides including the bipyridils, triazines and substituted ureas. The results of a number of these studies, presented at the Seventh British Weed Control Conference (1964), suggested that herbicides might give effective control of annual weeds in potatoes under a range of British conditions. Yields of marketable ware following herbicide treatment were similar, in general, to those obtained following standard post-planting cultivations, but occasionally the yields after herbicide treatment were either as much as 20% higher or lower than the controls. The performance of the herbicides was related mainly to weed flora, soil type and amount and distribution of rainfall.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

Weed control in sugar beet with single and split applications of herbicides

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The West ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Residual Herbicide

SummaryRecent developments in chemical weed control in sugar beet have been reviewed. Two main approaches to the problem of providing reliable season-long control of annual weeds in sugar beet are, (a) the use of mixtures of herbicides applied pre-planting and incorporated into the soil during seed bed preparation, and (b) the use of split applications with a residual herbicide applied pre-emergence followed by a contact herbicide applied post-emergence.The second approach (b) was examined in a series of field experiments from 1967 to 1969, on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands. Comparisons were made between pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon, pre-emergence application of lenacil and pyrazon followed by post-emergence application of phenmedipham, and post-emergence application of phenmedipham for weed control in sugar beet.Under dry soil conditions in April 1967, lenacil and pyrazon controlled only about 40% of the annual weeds, but in 1968 and 1969, when moist soil conditions predominated in April and May, lenacil and pyrazon controlled 80–95% of the annual weeds.Phenmedipham applied post-emergence gave about 90% control of annual broadleaved weeds initially, but it seemed unlikely that a single application of this herbicide would provide satisfactory weed control in sugar beet.In each of the 3 years 1967–9, a split application of a soil-acting residual herbicide (pro-emergence) followed by phenmedipham (post-emergence) gave outstanding weed control and enabled sugar beet to be established and grown until mid-June at least, in a near weed-free environment. It was concluded that this technique was the most effective for weed control in sugar beet on light to medium sandy loam soils in the West Midlands.

Effect of Time of Application of Diphenamid on Pepper, Weeds, and Disease

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Time Of Application

The effect of timing of preemergence application ofN,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) on phytotoxicity to pepper(Capsicum annuumL.), efficacy of weed control, and damping-off incidence was studied in greenhouse and field experiments. Delay of application from day of sowing to close to emergence reduced phytotoxicity to pepper while only partially reducing herbicidal action. Addition of a mixture of the contact nonresidual herbicides 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) and 1,1′-dimethyl-4-4′-bipyridinium ion (paraquat) to a late preemergence application of diphenamid resulted in control of weed seedlings which emerged after sowing of pepper and significantly increased the yield. The increase ofRhizoctoniadamping-off incidence due to diphenamid was also reduced by delayed application.

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions of tillage systems with imazaquin and imazethapyr on weed control and soybean injury and yield. Control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail from imazaquin and imazethapyr in conventional tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in no-tillage. However, under limited rainfall, weed control in no-tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in conventional tillage. Reductions in soybean heights due to herbicide treatment were evident in both tillage systems in 1985 and 1986 but not in. Soybean yields were reduced in 1985 from imazaquin at 140, 210, and 250 g/ha and imazethapyr at 105 and 140 g/ha. Yields were not reduced in 1986 and. Imazaquin and imazethapyr appear to provide adequate control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail in conventional and no-till systems.

Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Weed management treatments with various degrees of herbicide inputs were applied with or without a hairy vetch cover crop to no-tillage corn in four field experiments at Beltsville, MD. A hairy vetch living mulch in the no-treatment control or a dead mulch in the mowed treatment improved weed control during the first 6 wk of the season but weed control deteriorated in these treatments thereafter. Competition from weeds and/or uncontrolled vetch in these treatments without herbicides reduced corn yield in three of four years by an average of 46% compared with a standard PRE herbicide treatment of 0.6 kg ai/ha of paraquat plus 1.1 kg ai/ha of atrazine plus 2.2 kg ai/ha of metolachlor. Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate of the standard treatment in the absence of cover crop reduced weed control in three of four years and corn yield in two of four years compared with the standard treatment. Hairy vetch had little influence on weed control or corn yield with any herbicide treatments.

Field Pea and Lentil Tolerance to Interrow Cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Stanley ◽  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
Lena D. Syrovy ◽  
Hema S. N. Duddu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

AbstractInterrow cultivation is a selective, in-crop mechanical weed control tool that has the potential to control weeds later in the growing season with less crop damage compared with other in-crop mechanical weed control tools. To our knowledge, no previous research has been conducted on the tolerance of narrow-row crops to interrow cultivation. The objective of this experiment was to determine the tolerance of field pea and lentil to interrow cultivation. Replicated field experiments were conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 2014 and 2015. Weekly cultivation treatments began at the 4-node stage of each crop, continuing for 6 wk. Field pea and lentil yield linearly declined with later crop stages of cultivation. Cultivating multiple times throughout the growing season reduced yield by 15% to 30% in both crops. Minimal yield loss occurred when interrow cultivation was conducted once at early growth stages of field pea and lentil; however, yield loss increased with delayed and more frequent cultivation events.

Efficacy of Imazethapyr in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) as Affected by Time of Application

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
F. Robert Walls
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Experiments conducted in North Carolina and Virginia compared weed control, peanut yield, and net returns with systems using imazethapyr applied at various times and the regional standard treatment of paraquat applied at the ground-cracking stage of peanut (GC) followed by acifluorfen plus bentazon applied POST. Imazethapyr was applied PPI, PRE, GC, or POST at 70 g ae ha−1. Imazethapyr also was applied sequentially PPI plus GC, PPI plus POST, and PRE plus POST at 35 + 35 and 70 + 70 g ha−1. Late-season control of common ragweed and a mixture of entireleaf, ivyleaf, and pitted morningglories by the standard treatment ranged from 85 to 100%. Spurred anoda was controlled 80%, and common lambsquarters and prickly sida were controlled completely. Control of common lambsquarters, prickly sida, and morningglory by imazethapyr applied one or more times was similar to control by the standard. Control by imazethapyr exceeded that by the standard only for spurred anoda. The most effective time for applying imazethapyr varied by species and locations. Imazethapyr was equally effective on common lambsquarters and spurred anoda when applied PPI, PRE, or GC. Prickly sida and morningglory were controlled best when imazethapyr was applied PPI or PRE and GC, respectively. Common ragweed was controlled poorly with single applications of imazethapyr. Applying imazethapyr sequentially improved consistency of control across the range of species. In most cases, imazethapyr applied sequentially at 35 + 35 g ha−1controlled all weeds as well as or better than when applied once at 70 g ha−1. Overall, imazethapyr at the registered rate of 70 g ha−1was most effective when applied PPI at 35 g ha−1followed by 35 g ha−1at GC. Except for common ragweed, weed control with this treatment was similar to that by the standard. Peanut yield and net returns with this treatment were similar to those with the standard at three of four locations.

Weed Control and Crop Injury in Ecofallow Corn (Zea mays) Using Imazethapyr

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-754
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Garold W. Mahnken ◽  
Gordon E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Control Option ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Better Than

Imidazolinone-resistant and -tolerant corn hybrids give growers a new weed control option. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate imazethapyr for controlling weeds in no-till corn planted into winter wheat stubble in a winter wheat–ecofallow corn rotation. Imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) corn were protected genetically from injury by imazethapyr that was applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence to ‘Pioneer Brand 3417,’ ‘Pioneer Brand 3417 IR,’ ‘ICI Seeds 8532,’ and ‘ICI Seeds 8532 IT’ hybrids. No difference in corn injury occurred between IR and IT corn. Imazethapyr applied to resistant or tolerant corn hybrids could be used to control weeds in ecofallow corn. Imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ai/ha controlled triazine-resistant kochia better than the standard herbicide treatment of metolachlor plus cyanazine.

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