Tax Policy and Presidential Leadership: Ideas, Interests, and the Quality of Advice

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stephen Weatherford ◽  
Thomas B. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Presidential Leadership ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

How do “ideas” help to account for political outcomes? The age-old question of the role of ideas has been given new life recently, partly in response to the imposing structure of theory that has been built around economic or rational choice explanations, with their emphasis on interests and material circumstances rather than ideas. Few outside of the most abstract economic model-builders hold that ideas have no impact on policies, but there is little agreement on how that impact occurs or on the observable criteria that would establish (or contradict) the impact of ideas.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

Zmiana modelu zarządzania i nadzoru nad jakością kształcenia w szkolnictwie wyższym. Perspektywa doświadczeń Republiki Federalnej Niemiec

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szewior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
University Management ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Higher Education Reforms ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Desk Research

The author focuses on the manner and effects of German higher education reforms that have changed the model of university management. The point of reference is the quality of education and its role, how universities ensure it, and how it is verified through evaluation and accreditation. These elements divide the article into two parts: a part about quality and a part about evaluation and accreditation. The analysis includes the impact of global processes and Europeanization. The research approach is characteristic for public policies, sciences of management and quality. The theories used in this article: the theory of systems and neo-institutionalism, as well as perspectives: the university as an active strategic partner, entrepreneurial university, the third role of universities. The publication is based on desk research and on the analysis of processes.

scholarly journals Threat or Corrective? Assessing the Impact of Populist Parties in Government on the Qualities of Democracy: A 19-Country Comparison

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Davide Vittori
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars have long debated whether populism harms or improves the quality of democracy. This article contributes to this debate by focusing on the impact of populist parties in government. In particular, it inquires: (1) whether populists in government are more likely than non-populists to negatively affect the quality of democracies; (2) whether the role of populists in government matters; and (3) which type of populism is expected to negatively affect the quality of liberal-democratic regimes. The results find strong evidence that the role of populists in government affects several qualities of democracy. While robust, the findings related to (2) are less clear-cut than those pertaining to (1). Finally, regardless of their role in government, different types of populism have different impacts on the qualities of democracy. The results show that exclusionary populist parties in government tend to have more of a negative impact than other forms of populism.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review Evaluating the Impact of Protein Source (Vegetarian vs. Meat Based) in Hepatic Encephalopathy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Umair Iqbal ◽  
Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja ◽  
Harshit S. Khara ◽  
Sandeep Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Branch Chain Amino ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Protein Diets

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common neurological consequence in patients with cirrhosis and has a healthcare burden of USD 5370 to 50,120 per patient annually. HE significantly hampers the quality of life and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with cirrhosis are at a high risk for protein-calorie malnutrition due to altered metabolism. Current evidence has changed the old belief of protein restriction in patients with cirrhosis and now 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day protein intake is recommended. Case series and studies with small numbers of participants showed that a vegetarian protein diet decreases the symptoms of HE when compared to a meat-based diet, but the evidence is limited and requires further larger randomized controlled trials. However, vegetable or milk-based protein diets are good substitutes for patients averse to meat intake. Branch chain amino acids (BCAA) (leucine, isoleucine and valine) have also been shown to be effective in alleviating symptoms of HE and are recommended as an alternative therapy in patients with cirrhosis for the treatment of HE. In this review, we provide an overview of current literature evaluating the role of protein intake in the management of HE in cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Mutual Influence of Psoriasis and Sport

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Paolo Custurone ◽  
Laura Macca ◽  
Lucrezia Bertino ◽  
Debora Di Mauro ◽  
Fabio Trimarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
The Impact

The link between psoriasis and sport is a controversial issue. The topic has been poorly investigated, and nowadays there are many unsolved questions, dealing with the role of psoriasis in influencing the sporting habits of patients and, vice versa, the impact of sport activity on course, severity and extent of the disease, with particular regard to the indirect benefits on cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the role of physical activity on patients’ quality of life and the potential limitations on physical activity due to joint involvement have not been well elucidated until now. In this narrative review we will try to provide answers to these queries.

scholarly journals Migration infrastructures and the production of migrants’ irregularity in Japan and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nando Sigona ◽  
Jotaro Kato ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article examines the migration infrastructures and pathways through which migrants move into, through and out of irregular status in Japan and the UK and how these infrastructures uniquely shape their migrant experiences of irregularity at key stages of their migration projects.Our analysis brings together two bodies of migration scholarship, namely critical work on the social and legal production of illegality and the impact of legal violence on the lives of immigrants with precarious legal status, and on the role of migration infrastructures in shaping mobility pathways.Drawing upon in-depth qualitative interviews with irregular and precarious migrants in Japan and the UK collected over a ten-year period, this article develops a three-pronged analysis of the infrastructures of irregularity, focusing on infrastructures of entry, settlement and exit, casting a comparative light on the mechanisms that produce precarious and expendable migrant lives in relation to access to labour and labour conditions, access and quality of housing and law enforcement, and how migrants adapt, cope, resist or eventually are overpowered by them.

INTERACTION BETWEEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GUESTS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosara Gotseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Visitor Satisfaction ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific report aims to highlight the positive interaction between technology and hotel guests. The relationship between technology and customer experience is examined. The role of innovation as a tool for enhancing the positive experience of tourists is highlighted. The focus is on digital applications and their relationship to satisfaction. The main global trends that demonstrate the impact of hotel automation on visitor satisfaction are outlined. Attention has been focused on research from recent years. The author defends the thesis that guests seek interaction with automation as it directly affects the quality of service and thus enhances their positive experience. Innovation is a key tool for creating a quality experience.

scholarly journals Aquatic Therapy Interventions and Disability: A Recreational Therapy Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Scott ◽  
Angela Wozencroft ◽  
Vincenzo Nocera ◽  
Kelsey Webb ◽  
Jodi Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Recreation ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
Aquatic Therapy ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Aquatic therapy interventions are critical for individuals with disabilities and the role of the therapist is just as critical for successful and effective interventions. The field of therapeutic recreation trains students to develop and implement evidence-based facilitation techniques including the use of aquatic therapy to assist in helping clients achieve a change in functional status. This review of the literature examined the impact of aquatic therapy interventions on a variety of disabilities including osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, Cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and mental health from a recreational therapy (RT) perspective. This review provides a variety of information on the positive benefits that may occur using aquatic therapy for diverse conditions. Examples include relaxation, stretching, and aerobic exercise and each has the ability to improve strength. It does appear that aquatic therapy interventions can provide a wide array of benefits that may reduce the burden associated with a variety of disabilities. These benefits may be useful in increasing the overall quality of life of a diverse group of disabilities. Likewise, due to the nature of RT, recreational therapists are in a unique position to provide plan and develop aquatic therapy interventions. However, it is the authors’ suggestion that those providing this service attend intensive training in order to provide aquatic therapy effectively. Additional research may be necessary to provide a more cohesive understanding of the impact of aquatic therapy on a variety of populations. Nonetheless, the information gleamed from this review, justify that aquatic therapy has benefits for a diverse clientele and thus may be useful in the implementation of RT programs.

scholarly journals Crianças com incontinência urinária: impacto na convivência dos familiares

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061
Author(s):  
Ivanda Araújo Matias Issa de Oliveira ◽  
Cristiane Feitosa Salviano ◽  
Gisele Martins
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Family Routine ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Impact

RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar fatores que impactam na convivência dos familiares de crianças com incontinência urinária. Método: Estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa, com busca de artigos no mês de setembro de 2017, nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e CINAHL. Considerou-se o recorte temporal de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2017, utilizando os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) controlados e não controlados no idioma inglês e português. Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 artigos, publicados entre 2012 e 2016, destacando-se três categorias: 1) O nível educacional dos pais como um fator de impacto; 2) O impacto na qualidade de vida dos familiares; e 3) As mudanças que impactam no cotidiano familiar. Conclusões: A incontinência urinária afeta a rotina familiar e pode provocar transtornos psicológicos como estresse, ansiedade e depressão nas crianças e em seus familiares. Houve escassez de produções que relacionassem a percepção do familiar ante a incontinência urinária diurna e fecal com o nível escolar dos pais. Evidencia-se o papel do enfermeiro que atua em uropediatria sobre a importância da compreensão da convivência familiar, a fim de contribuir com o delinear de orientações voltadas para a educação e compreensão das experiências vividas pelos cuidadores. Descritores: Incontinência Urinária; Família; Cuidadores; Crianças; Enurese; Incontinência Urinária por Estresse.ABSTRACTObjective: To identify factors that have an impact on the coexistence of family members of children with urinary incontinence. Method: Bibliographic, descriptive, integrative review type study with search of articles in September 2017, in LILACS, BDENF, MEDLIN, and CINAHL databases. We considered the temporal cut from January 2012 to December 2017, using controlled and uncontrolled Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) in English and Portuguese. Results: We included 11 articles, published between 2012 and 2016, highlighting three categories: 1) The educational level of parents as an impact factor; 2) The impact on the quality of life of family members; and 3) The changes that impact on daily family life. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence affects the family routine and can cause psychological disorders, such as stress, anxiety, and depression in children and their family members. There was a shortage of productions that related family members' perceptions of diurnal urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence to the parents' education level. The role of nurses working in pediatric urology was evident with respect to the importance of understanding family coexistence in order to contribute to the delineation of guidelines aimed at the education and understanding of caregivers' experiences. Descriptors: Urinary Incontinence; Family; Caregivers; Children; Enuresis; Urinary Incontinence Due to Stress.RESUMENObjetivo: Identificar factores que impactan en la convivencia de los familiares de niños con incontinencia urinaria. Método: Estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, tipo revisión integradora, con búsqueda de artículos en el mes de septiembre de 2017, en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE y CINAHL. Fue considerado el recorte temporal de enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2017, utilizando los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) controlados y no controlados en idioma Inglés y portugués. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2016, destacándose tres categorías: 1) El nivel educativo de los padres como un factor de impacto; 2) El impacto en la calidad de vida de los familiares; y 3) Los cambios que impactan en el cotidiano familiar. Conclusiones: La incontinencia urinaria afecta la rutina familiar y puede provocar trastornos psicológicos como estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los niños y en sus familiares. Hubo escasez de producciones que relacionaran la percepción de los familiares ante la incontinencia urinaria diurna e incontinencia fecal con el nivel escolar de los padres. Se evidencia el papel del enfermero que actúa en urología pediátrica con respecto a la importancia de la comprensión de la convivencia familiar, a fin de contribuir con el delinear de orientaciones sobre la educación y comprensión de las experiencias vividas por los cuidadores. Descriptores: Incontinencia Urinaria; Familia; Cuidadores; Niños; Enuresis; Incontinencia Urinaria por Estrés.

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