scholarly journals Iatrogenic outbreak of M. chelonae skin abscesses

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Camargo ◽  
C. Saad ◽  
F. Ruiz ◽  
M. E. Ramirez ◽  
M. Lineros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Number Of Injections

SummaryWe describe an outbreak of skin lesions due to Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus associated with injections of lidocaine (lignocaine) given by a ‘bioenergetic’ (a practitioner of alternative medicine) in Colombia. The lidocaine carpules and the lesions of the patients yielded mycobacteria with identical biochemical characteristics.Using the methodology of Sartwell and a case control design we examined the incubation period and assessed risk factors. Of 667 potentially exposed individuals, a total of 298 patients were interviewed, of whom 232 had skin lesions. The median incubation period was 30·5 days (range 15–59 days). Male sex (OR 2·85, 95% CI 1·26–6·51), increasing age (OR 1·25, 95% CI 1·03–1·53), subcutaneous injection route (OR 3·72, 95% CI 1·09–12·7) and number of injections (OR 1·01, 95% CI 1·00–1·03) were risk factors for disease.To our knowledge, this is the largest reported outbreak of M. chelonae infection, the first in which the organism has been isolated from the putative vehicle of infection, and the first in which the incubation period could be determined.

scholarly journals Risk factors for physical disability in patients with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence from a retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0009923
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Hong-bing Liu ◽  
Tie-Jun Shui ◽  
Shun Zha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Han Ethnicity ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Male Sex

Background Leprosy is potentially debilitating. The risk factors related to physical disabilities associated with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China was not clear. Methodology/Principal findings We studied 10644 newly detected leprosy patients from Yunnan, China, from 1990 to 2019. Factors associated with Grade 1 (G1D) and Grade 2 (G2D) physical disabilities or overall physical disabilities (combined G1D and G2D) associated with leprosy were analyzed using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression analyses. The following factors were associated with the development of physical disability in these patients with leprosy: delayed diagnosis [odds ratio (OR): 5.652, 4.399, and 2.275; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.516–7.073, 3.714–5.212, and 2.063–2.509; for ≥ 10, 5–10 y, and 2–5 years, respectively], nerve damage (OR: 3.474 and 2.428; 95% CI: 2.843–4.244, and 1.959–3.008; for 2 and 1 damaged nerves, respectively), WHO classification of PB (OR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.341–2.307), Ridley-Jopling classification (OR: 1.479, 1.438, 1.522 and 1.239; 95% CI: 1.052–2.079, 1.075–1.923, 1.261–1.838, and 1.072–1.431; for TT, BT, BB, and BL when compared with LL, respectively), advanced age (OR: 1.472 and 2.053; 95% CI: 1.106–1.960 and 1.498–2.814; for 15–59 and over 60 years old, respectively), zero skin lesions (OR: 1.916; 95% CI: 1.522–2.413), leprosy reaction (OR: 1.528; 95% CI: 1.195–1.952), rural occupation (OR: 1.364; 95% CI: 1.128–1.650), Han ethnicity (OR: 1.268; 95% CI: 1.159–1.386), and male sex (OR: 1.128; 95% CI: 1.024–1.243). Conclusions Delayed diagnosis, nerve damage, no skin lesions, WHO and Ridley-Jopling classifications, leprosy reactions, advanced age, rural occupation, Han ethnicity, and male sex were associated with disability in leprosy patients. Identifying risk factors could help to prevent physical disability.

scholarly journals Incidence and Reason for Readmission and Unscheduled Health Care Contact After Distal Radius Fracture

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Sumner ◽  
Louis C. Grandizio ◽  
Max D. Gehrman ◽  
Jove Graham ◽  
Joel C. Klena
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Distal Radius Fracture ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Radius Fracture ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Pain Patients

Background: Understanding risk factors for readmission may help decrease the rate of these costly events. The purpose of this study is to define the incidence of 30-day readmission and unscheduled health care contact (UHC) after distal radius fracture (DRF). In addition, we aim to define risk factors for readmission and UHC. Methods: A retrospective review of patients who sustained a DRF at our trauma center was performed. We recorded baseline demographics, fracture characteristics, and treatment. Any UHC or readmission (including emergency department [ED] visits) was documented. Reasons for readmission and UHC were stratified by cause. We utilized a case-control design comparing patients readmitted within 30 days after DRF versus those who were not, as well as patients with and without UHC. Results: About 353 patients were identified. The 30-day incidence of readmission after DRF was 7% with 2% of patients readmitted for reasons related to their fracture. Twenty percent of patients had UHC within 30 days, most frequently due to pain. Patients with anxiety or depression and those with open fractures were more likely to be readmitted. Patients with UHC were younger, more likely to have depression or anxiety, and more likely to have undergone operative treatment. Conclusions: For patients sustaining DRF, we report a 30-day readmission rate of 7% with 20% of patients having UHC. Patients with depression or anxiety were more likely to be both readmitted and have UHC. Identifying risk factors for readmission during initial presentation may help reduce readmissions. Improving pain relief strategies early may aid in decreasing the burden of UHC.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Predictive Model of Diarrhea in Kupang

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan - Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
And Control

Diarrhea is still endemic in NTT province and in Kupang City. The disease also includes as one of the 10 major diseases in Kupang City. Diarrhea prevention will work more effectively if it is conducted based on the knowledge of risk factors for diarrhea. The study aims at analyzing the risk factors of diarrhea and predictive models of diarrhea incidence in Kupang. The observational analytic research used case control design with case samples consisted of 62 patients with diarrhea in June 2015 taken by random sampling and control samples consisted of 62 children who were not listed as diarrhea patients in June 2015. The data was collected through interviews and observation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. Four variables that significant are age of stop getting breast milk (ASI) (OR 5.673), latrine type (OR 4.527), children age (OR 1.460) and number of family members (OR 0.484). The regression model resulted in the study is ? = -0.630 + 1.736 age of stop drinking breast milk + 1.510 latrine type + 0.379 children age - 0.726 number of family members.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Stunting Among Children Aged 6-59 Months In Bensa District ISTRICT, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEMESGEN TAFESSE ◽  
AMANUEL YOSEPH ◽  
KALEB MAYISO ◽  
TAYE GARI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Stunting remains one of the most common under-nutrition problems among children in the Ethiopia. Children aged 6-59 months share for 35–45% of the burden in endemic areas. Identifying the causes of stunting assists health planners to prioritize prevention strategies, and is a fundamental step for intervention. However, evidence scarce about risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Bensa district, South Ethiopia; 2019. Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 10 to March 10, 2018 on a sample of 237(79 cases and 158 controls) children aged 6-59 months with their respective mothers. Data were collected using a structured, face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire and standard physical measurements. The data were entered using EPINFO version 7 and WHO Anthro software version 3.0.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square(X2) test was used to determine the overall association between explanatory and outcome variables. The variables were entered to the multivariable model using the backward stepwise regression approach. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stunting. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to evaluate the presence and strength of associations. Results: Diarrhea in past two weeks (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.42-5.16) and male sex (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.224-4.59) were positively associated with stunting. The odds of stunting increased 2.7 times for children who had inappropriate exclusive breast feeding (AOR =2.07, 95%CI: 1.07-4.01) as compared to those who had the appropriate exclusive breast feeding. Having less than or equal to three under five children in the household (AOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 03-4.64), and mothers had no formal education (AOR =3.28, 95%CI: 1.56-6.924) were positively associated with stunting. Conclusions: Male sex, diarrhea in past two weeks, inappropriate exclusive breast feeding, number of the under five children in the household and mothers had no formal education were major predictors of the stunting. Educating mothers/care takers on Infant and Young Child Feeding practice. Findings support a focus on prevention of diarrhea as part of an overall public health strategy for improving child health and nutrition.

scholarly journals Employment, Knowledge and Latrine Ownership as Risk Factors and Prediction Model of Diarrhea Incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Irfan Irfan ◽  
Sulansi Sulansi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Diarrhea Patient ◽  
Variable Influence ◽  
Control Samples

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death ranked 3rd after Tuberculosis and Pneumonia in Indonesia. Diarrhea cases in NTT province and also in Kupang City is still high, with Pasir Panjang PHC in 2012 and 2013 ranked the top three, while Oepoi PHC always the lowest rank. This research was conducted to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea and create a model equation to predict the diarrhea incidence. This observational analytic research using case control design. Samples with diarrhea cases were recorded in January - June 2015 in the register book Pasir Panjang PHC and Oepoi PHC taken by random sampling to obtain samples for cases 62 children of Diarrhea patient. The control samples are 62 children who are not registered as suffering from diarrhea in the month of June 2015, close to the patient’s house, and her mother or people who responsible to take care that children want as respondent. Data were obtained by interviews with the mothers of cases and controls using questionnaires and direct observation using a checklist. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. There are three variables that significantly affect to the diarrhea incidence, namely employment, knowledge and latrine ownership and the most dominant variable influence that is knowledge (OR 4.353). The model equation Y = - 2.048 +1.153 employment + 1.483 knowledge + 1.480 latrine ownership with a percentage accuracy of the model in classifying observations is 68.5%.

scholarly journals Employment, Knowledge and Latrine Ownership as Risk Factors and Prediction Model of Diarrhea Incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Irfan Irfan ◽  
Sulansi Sulansi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Diarrhea Patient ◽  
Variable Influence

<span style="color: #222222; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN">Diarrhea is a leading cause of death ranked 3<sup>rd</sup> after Tuberculosis and Pneumonia in Indonesia. Diarrhea cases in NTT province and also in Kupang City is still high, with Pasir Panjang PHC in 2012 and 2013 ranked the top three, while Oepoi PHC always the lowest rank. This research was conducted to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea and create a model equation to predict the diarrhea incidence. This observational analytic research using case control design. Samples with diarrhea cases were recorded in January - June 2015 in the register book Pasir Panjang PHC and Oepoi PHC taken by random sampling to obtain samples for cases 62 children of Diarrhea patient. The control samples are 62 children who are not registered as suffering from diarrhea in the month of June 2015, close to the patient’s house, and her mother or people who responsible to take care that children want as respondent. Data were obtained by interviews with the mothers of cases and controls using questionnaires and direct observation using a checklist. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. There are three variables that significantly affect to the diarrhea incidence, namely employment, knowledge and latrine ownership and the most dominant variable influence that is knowledge (OR 4.353). The model equation Y = - 2.048 +1.153 employment + 1.483 knowledge + 1.480 latrine ownership with a percentage accuracy of the model in classifying observations is 68.5%.</span>

scholarly journals Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Periodontitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja L. Laine ◽  
Bruno G. Loos ◽  
W. Crielaard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Insight Into

We aimed to conduct a review of the literature for gene polymorphisms associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) susceptibility. A comprehensive search of the literature in English was performed using the keywords: periodontitis, periodontal disease, combined with the words genes, mutation, or polymorphism. Candidate gene polymorphism studies with a case-control design and reported genotype frequencies in CP patients were searched and reviewed. There is growing evidence that polymorphisms in theIL1, IL6, IL10, vitamin D receptor, andCD14genes may be associated with CP in certain populations. However, carriage rates of the rare -allele of any polymorphism varied considerably among studies and most of the studies appeared under-powered and did not correct for other risk factors. Larger cohorts, well-defined phenotypes, control for other risk factors, and analysis of multiple genes and polymorphisms within the same pathway are needed to get a more comprehensive insight into the contribution of gene polymorphisms in CP.

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in the NeuroICU: Identification of Risk Factors and Time-to-CAUTI Using a Case–Control Design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Perrin ◽  
Anu Vats ◽  
Aater Qureshi ◽  
Jeannette Hester ◽  
Angela Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Hypertension Risk Factors in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Sri Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Hypertension Risk

Hypertension has become a global problem because of its prevalence continues to rise to an alarming stage. It was estimated that by the year 2025 about 29% of adults worldwide will suffer from hypertension. The purpose of this research was to identified the hyertension risk factors  occurrence by using systematic review on hypertension-related existing publication and research in Indonesia. From the sixteen studies during the year 1999 untill 2015 and consisted 1 undergraduate paper, 2 theses and 16 research publications, 4 of them was conducted in the year of 2014. The amount of samples studied ranged from 30 up to 657 respondents and all of them were catagorized as primary data. Most of the research used cross sectional and case control design. In terms of literatures utilization, there were 2 to 37 domestic literature has been used while there were only 1 up to 24 international reference has been used for the studies. Several major hypertension risk factors in Indonesia were identified, including age, Body Mass Index and respondents smoking behavior.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Infant Mortality in Neonatal Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Purnama Sari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Newborn Weight

Neonatal mortality is mortality happening to newborn baby who are alive during the birth but died after first month of life (28 days after being delivered). This study used data from 2013 reports. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of neonatal mortality risk. Case control design was used. Population of cases were newborn baabybies who dying within 28 days after the birth, while the population of controls were newborn baby who do not die within 28 days, selected from the same population of cases. Cases and controls proportion were 1:3 with 39 babies served as cases and 117 babies as controls. Cases were identified form The Health Office and PHC reports, meanwhile controls were selected from neighbor of cases. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted in this study. The results shows that newborn weight (p=0,03), immediately breastfeeding (p=0,00) and postnatal care (p=0,00) are the risk factors for neonatal mortality.

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