scholarly journals Vaccine prophylaxis of abattoir-associated Q fever: eight years' experience in Australian abattoirs

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Marmion ◽  
R. A. Ormsbee ◽  
M. Kyrkou ◽  
J. Wright ◽  
D. A. Worswick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Other Hand

SUMMARYDuring the period 1981–8 a clinical trial of a Q fever vaccine (Q-vax; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Melbourne) has been conducted in abattoir workers and other at-risk groups in South Australia. Volunteers in four abattoirs and visitors to the abattoirs were given one subcutaneous dose of 30 μg of a formalin-inactivated, highly-purifiedCoxiella burnetiicells, Henzerling strain, Phase 1 antigenic state, in a volume of 0·5 ml.During the period, over 4000 subjects have been vaccinated and the programme continues in the abattoirs and related groups. ‘Common’ reactions to the vaccine comprised tenderness and erythema, rarely oedema at the inoculation site and sometimes transient headache. Two more serious ‘uncommon’ reactions, immune abscess at the inoculation site, were observed in two subjects, and two others developed small subcutaneous lumps which gradually dispersed without intervention.Protective efficacy of the vaccine appeared to be absolute and to last for 5 years at least. Eight Q fever cases were observed in vaccinees, but all were in persons vaccinated during the incubation period of a natural attack of Q fever before vaccine-induced immunity had had time (≥ 13 days after vaccination) to develop. On the other hand, 97 Q fever cases were detected in persons working in, or visiting the same abattoir environments.Assays for antibody and cellular immunity showed an 80–82% seroconversion after vaccination, mostly IgM antibody to Phase 2 antigen, in the 3 months after vaccination. This fell to about 60%, mostly IgG antibody to Phase 1 antigen, after 20 months. On the other hand, 85–95% of vaccinees developed markers of cell mediated immunity as judged by lymphoproliferative responses withC. burnetiiantigens; these rates remained elevated for at least 5 years.The Q fever vaccine, unlike other killed rickettsial vaccines, has the property of stimulating long-lasting T lymphocyte memory and this may account for its unusual protective efficacy as a killed vaccine.

scholarly journals Rhomboid protein 2 of Eimeria maxima provided partial protection against infection by homologous species

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
Di Tian ◽  
Lixin Xu ◽  
Ruofeng Yan ◽  
Xiangrui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
New Generation

AbstractRhomboid-like proteases (ROMs) are considered as new candidate antigens for developing new-generation vaccines due to their important role involved in the invasion of apicomplexan protozoa. In prior works, we obtained a ROM2 sequence of Eimeria maxima (EmROM2). This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of EmROM2 recombinant protein (rEmROM2) and EmROM2 DNA (pVAX1-EmROM2) against infection by Eimeria maxima (E. maxima). Firstly, Western blot assay was conducted to analyze the immunogenicity of rEmROM2. The result showed that rEmROM2 was recognized by chicken anti-E. maxima serum. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assay revealed apparent transcription and expression of EmROM2 at the injection site. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR), flow cytometry and indirect ELISA indicated that vaccination with rEmROM2 or EmROM2 DNA significantly upregulated the transcription level of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β and TNF SF15), the proportion of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and serum IgG antibody response. Ultimately, a vaccination-challenge trial was performed to evaluate the protective efficacy of rEmROM2 and pVAX1-EmROM2 against E. maxima. The result revealed that vaccination with rEmROM2 or pVAX1-EmROM2 significantly alleviated enteric lesions, weight loss, and reduced oocyst output caused by challenge infection of E. maxima, and provided anticoccidial index (ACI) of more than 160, indicating partial protection against E. maxima. In summary, vaccination with rEmROM2 or pVAX1-EmROM2 activated notable humoral and cell-mediated immunity and provided partial protection against E. maxima. These results demonstrated that EmROM2 protein and DNA are promising vaccine candidates against E. maxima infection.

scholarly journals Rhomboid Protein 2 of Eimeria Maxima Provided Partial Protection Against Infection by Homologous Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
Di Tian ◽  
Siying Chen ◽  
Wenxi Ding ◽  
Xiaoting Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Eimeria Maxima ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Protection Against Infection

Abstract Background: Rhomboid-like proteases (ROMs) are considered as a new candidate antigen for developing new-generation vaccine due to their important role involved in the invasion of apicomplexan protozoa. In prior works, we obtained a ROM2 sequence of Eimeria maxima (EmROM2) which is the homologous gene with ROM2 of Toxoplasma gondii. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of EmROM2 recombinant protein (rEmROM2) and EmROM2 DNA (pVAX1-EmROM2) against infection by Eimeria maxima (E. maxima).Methods: Western blot assay was conducted to analyze the immunogenicity of rEmROM2. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assay were performed to determine the transcription and expression of pVAX1-EmROM2 recombinant plasmid. EmROM2-induced changes in transcriptional level of cytokines, T lymphocytes subsets and specific serum IgG antibody were detected through qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), flow cytometry and indirect ELISA, respectively. Ultimately, a vaccination-challenge trial was performed to evaluate the protective efficacy of rEmROM2 and pVAX1-EmROM2 against infection with E. maxima. Results: The purified rEmROM2 was recognized with chicken anti-E. maxima serum. After vaccination with pVAX1-EmROM2, apparent transcription and translation of EmROM2 were observed in the vaccinated chickens. Vaccination with rEmROM2 and EmROM2 DNA significantly upregulated the proportion of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, the transcription level of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β and TNF SF15) and serum IgG antibody response. Meanwhile, the vaccination significantly alleviated enteric lesions, weight loss, and reduced oocyst output caused by challenge infection of E. maxima, and provided anticoccidial index (ACI) of more than 160, indicating partial protection against E. maxima.Conclusions: Vaccination with rEmROM2 and pVAX1-EmROM2 activated notable humoral and cell-mediated immunity and provided partial protection against infection by E. maxima. These results demonstrated that EmROM2 protein and DNA are promising vaccine candidates against E. maxima infection.

Fuzzy Logic Preanesthetic Risk Evaluation of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110298
Author(s):  
Baris Sandal ◽  
Yuksel Hacioglu ◽  
Ziya Salihoglu ◽  
Nurkan Yagiz
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Other Hand

Background and Objective Pre-operative risk classification of patients undergoing anesthesia is an essential interest and has been the focus of many research and categorizations. On the other hand, the ideal categorization system, based on medical doctors’ clinical experience and cooperation with other disciplines, has not been developed yet. Methods In this study, 218 consecutive patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were included. A novel fuzzy logic evaluation model consisting of 270 rules was constructed. Five major (pulmonary, cardiac, diabetes mellitus and renal or liver disease) and three minor criteria (patientsʼ age, cigarette smoking and body mass index) were chosen to be used during high-risk groups determination. Results The verification of the success of risk value decision with the proposed novel fuzzy logic algorithm is the main goal of this study. On the other hand, though not essential aim, a statistical consistency check was also included to have a deeper understanding and evaluation of the graphical results. During the statistical analysis the 0-30%, 30-60% and 60-90% risk ranges were found to be in a very strong positive relationship with complication occurrence. In this study, 172, 31, 15 patients were in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90% risk ranges, respectively. Complication rates were 7/172 (4.07%) in 0-30% range, 3/31 (9.68%) in 30-60% range; and 2/15 (13.33%) in 60-90% range. Conclusions Fuzzy based risk classification model was successfully used to predict medical results for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations and reliable deductions were reached.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Investment Reforms on Income and Activation in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno Soentken ◽  
Franca van Hooren ◽  
Deborah Rice
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flow Function ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early School ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter we assess the buffer and flow dimension of the social investment state for early school leavers and lone parents in the Netherlands. By applying an ‘at-risk household-type model’, we show that the buffer function of the welfare state for the two risk groups out of work has declined in the last decade, particularly for early school leavers. On the other hand, the buffer function, in terms of minimum income protection, for those risk groups that have acquired paid employment has significantly improved. In terms of labour-market flow, we show that capacitation of risk groups is an explicit aim of service delivery at the local level in the Netherlands. On the other hand, capacitation was brought in jeopardy by recent budget, which undermined the flow function for precarious risk groups. Both the buffer and flow function of the Dutch social investment state point to an ambivalent reform path.

scholarly journals Protective Effect Against Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice Vaccinated With Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii MIF, CDPK3, and 14-3-3 Protein Cocktail Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Minmin Wu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Hongyang Wen ◽  
Ran An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Strong Immune Response ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Almost All

Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all endotherm organisms including humans and cause life-threatening toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals, which leads to serious public health problems. Developing an excellent vaccine against this disease is impending. In present study, we formulated a cocktail protein vaccine including the TgMIF, TgCDPK3, and Tg14-3-3 proteins, which play critical roles in T. gondii infection. The recombinant protein vaccines were constructed and assessed by vaccination in BALB/c mice. We organized the mice in various protein combination groups of vaccines, and all mice were immunized with corresponding proteins at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. The specific protective effects of the vaccines on mice against T. gondii were analyzed by the mensuration of cytokines, serum antibodies, splenocyte proliferation assay, survival time, and parasite cyst burden of mice after the challenge. The study indicated that mice immunized with all three multicomponent proteins vaccine triggered a strong immune response with highest levels of IFN-γ production and IgG antibody compared with the other two protein combinations and controls. Moreover, there was an increase in IL-4 production and antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. The parasite cysts were significantly reduced (resulting in an 82.7% reduction), and survival time was longer in immunized mice with three multicomponent proteins compared with the other groups of mice. The enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immunity indicated that the protein cocktail vaccine containing three antigens provided effective protection for mice. These results indicated that recombinant TgMIF, TgCDPK3, and Tg14-3-3 multicomponent proteins were potential candidates for vaccine against toxoplasmosis.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document