scholarly journals The status of CMV as a human pathogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Griffiths ◽  
J. E. Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
The Status

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infectious agent which is well adapted to its host. Following primary infection, which is almost always asymptomatic in people with normal immunity, the virus establishes latency at sites which are unknown. The virus is probably maintained in this latent state by immune surveillance mechanisms since immunosuppression frequently leads to reactivation of virus.Cytomegalovirus has been identified in most anatomical areas of the human body. The aim of this article is to define criteria for pathogenicity so that clinical and experimental data can be reviewed to determine if CMV is likely to cause disease at these various clinical sites. Thus, patients have been shown to die frequentlywithCMV but do they diefromit?

Somewhere between Human, Nonhuman, and Woman

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-51
Author(s):  
Debashree Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The South ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Production Experience ◽  
Human Object ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

In 1939, at the height of her stardom, the actress Shanta Apte went on a spectacular hunger strike in protest against her employers at Prabhat Studios in Poona, India. The following year, Apte wrote a harsh polemic against the extractive nature of the film industry. In Jaau Mi Cinemaat? (Should I Join the Movies?, 1940), she highlighted the durational depletion of the human body that is specific to acting work. This article interrogates these two unprecedented cultural events—a strike and a book—opening them up toward a history of embodiment as production experience. It embeds Apte's emphasis on exhaustion within contemporaneous debates on female stardom, industrial fatigue, and the status of cinema as work. Reading Apte's remarkable activism as theory from the South helps us rethink the meanings of embodiment, labor, materiality, inequality, resistance, and human-object relations in cinema.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa transition from environmental generalist to human pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vasco ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Reaction ◽  
Source Sink

Opportunistic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major concerns as an etiological agent of nosocomial infections in humans. Many virulence factors used to colonize the human body are the same as those used by P. aeruginosa to thrive in the environment such as membrane transport, biofilm formation, oxidation/reduction reaction, among others. P. aeruginosa origin is mainly from the environment, the adaptation to mammalian tissues may follow a source-sink evolution model; the environment is the source of many lineages, some of them capable of adaptation to the human body. Some lineages may adapt to humans and go through reductive evolution in which some genes are lost.  The understanding of this process may be critical to implement better methods to control outbreaks in hospitals.

Textiles and perishable materials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Banck-Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
The Status

This chapter challenges traditional views on Iron Age dress. Recent research has greatly enhanced our understanding of how textiles were manufactured in Iron Age Europe. The variety of qualities, textures, techniques, raw materials, colours, and cuts give insights into the detailed knowledge of the craftspeople involved. Textiles used for dress, blankets, or furniture fittings were appreciated not only for their appearance, but also for the quality of the work. In everyday life, their optical qualities were used to express and signal gender, social roles and status, while the labour expended on textiles found in wealthy burials underlines both the status of the deceased and the extent of conspicuous consumption in funerary rituals—for instance, for wrapping grave furniture and goods. The chapter also looks at experimental data showing how labour-intensive textile production was, and the types of clothing and accessories found in different archaeological contexts or depicted in visual representations.

scholarly journals Global transcriptome analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in response to growth at human body temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant P. Patil ◽  
Sanjeet Kumar ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Samriti Midha ◽  
Kanika Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a typical example of an environmental originated opportunistic human pathogen, which can thrive at different habitats including the human body and can cause a wide range of infections. It must cope with heat stress during transition from the environment to the human body as the physiological temperature of the human body (37 °C) is higher than environmental niches (22–30 °C). Interestingly, S. rhizophila a phylogenetic neighbour of S. maltophilia within genus Stenotrophomonas is unable to grow at 37 °C. Thus, it is crucial to understand how S. maltophilia is adapted to human body temperature, which could suggest its evolution as an opportunistic human pathogen. In this study, we have performed comparative transcriptome analysis of S. maltophilia grown at 28 and 37 °C as temperature representative for environmental niches and the human body, respectively. RNA-Seq analysis revealed several interesting findings showing alterations in gene-expression levels at 28 and 37 °C, which can play an important role during infection. We have observed downregulation of genes involved in cellular motility, energy production and metabolism, replication and repair whereas upregulation of VirB/D4 type IV secretion system, aerotaxis, cation diffusion facilitator family transporter and LacI family transcriptional regulators at 37 °C. Microscopy and plate assays corroborated altered expression of genes involved in motility. The results obtained enhance our understanding of the strategies employed by S. maltophilia during adaptation towards the human body.

scholarly journals PLATÃO: AS PAIXÕES DA UNIDADE "CORPOALMA" SEGUNDO O TIMEU

Sapere Aude ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Maria Dulce Reis
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Present Text ◽  
Ethics And Politics

Uma das últimas obras escritas por Platão, o Timeu, nos parece um dos textos mais ricos para identificarmos o estatuto das paixões na filosofia de Platão: a origem dessas paixões/afecções, suas propriedades, seu papel no equilíbrio psíquico e na condução das ações humanas. Tal riqueza, profundidade e extensão teórica constituiu grande parte de nossa tese de doutoramento, que visou demonstrar a articulação entre Psicologia, Ética e Política nos diálogos República, Timeu e Leis. No presente texto, nos limitaremos a apresentar nossa interpretação a respeito de passagens da cosmologia do Timeu dedicadas a tratar da constituição da unidade corpoalma humana, o que inclui suas afecções. Nosso recorte limita-se a mostrar que as afecções – próprias ao que há de apetitivo, irascível e racional na unidade corpoalma humana – decorrem da encarnação, e o seu direcionamento psíquico é capaz de conduzir os seres humanos à saúde ou à doença, à virtude ou ao vício.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Platão. Filosofia Antiga. Psicologia. Páthos. ABSTRACT:One of the last works written by Plato, the Timaeus, seems to us one of the richest texts to identify the status of passions in Plato's philosophy: The origin of the passions/affections, their properties, their role in the psychic balance and the conduct of human actions. Such wealth, depth and theoretical extension constituted a large part of our doctoral thesis, that aimed to demonstrate the articulation between Psychology, Ethics, and Politics in the dialogues Republic, Timaeus, and Laws. In the present text, we shall confine ourselves to our interpretation of passages in the cosmology of the Timaeus devoted to the constitution of the human body-soul unity, which includes its affections. Our clipping is limited to showing that the affections - proper to that which is appetitive, irascible and rational in the human body-soul unity - elapsed from the incarnation and its psychic direction are capable of leading human beings to health or sickness, into virtue or vice.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Platão. Filosofia Antiga. Psicologia. Páthos.

Research on Dynamic Alignment for Sophisticated System Based on ACP Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wan ◽  
Guo Xi Li ◽  
Jing Zhong Gong ◽  
Bao Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Alignment Process ◽  
Dynamic Alignment

To change the status of time-consuming and over-reliance on technicians in mechanical system alignment process, the ACP technology is presented. The mapping between alignment process parameters and dynamic parameters was established through contact theory to build the agent model for parts. While the second mapping between dynamic parameters and machine dynamic characteristics is calculated by dynamic simulation software to conduct computational experiments. Experimental data is analyzed in order to implement data mine, optimize the alignment process, guide technician alignment, modify the theory mapping and improve the alignment efficiency.

Attitudes to the Use of Fire in Executions in Late Antiquity and Early Islam: The Burning of Heretics and Rebels in Late Umayyad Iraq

2015 ◽  
pp. 106-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Marsham
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Physical Change ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
The Status ◽  
Extreme Violence

Capital punishment can be understood as simultaneously an exercise of actual power – the ending of a human life – and an exertion of symbolic, or ritual, power.1 In this combination of symbolic transformation with real physical change, executions are unusual rituals. But the use of extreme violence against the human body certainly does have ritual characteristics, in that it has established rules (which may, of course, be deliberately challenged or broken) and in that these rules are used to make the drastic transformation in the status of the executed party seem legitimate and proper, to reassert more general ideas about the correct social order and to communicate threats and warnings to others who might seek to upset it. The victim of the execution is quite literally marked out as beyond reintegration into society. Their body becomes a kind of text, which can be read in a multitude of ways: the authorities carrying out the killing usually have one set of messages in mind, but the victim themselves, and those who witness or remember the act, may have very different ideas.

Performance Prediction of Assembly Based on Dynamic Alignment

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wan ◽  
Guo Xi Li ◽  
Zhi Hua Rao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Computational Experiments ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Alignment Process ◽  
Dynamic Alignment

To change the status of time-consuming and over-reliance on technicians in mechanical system alignment process, performance prediction based on dynamic alignment was proposed. The mapping relationship between alignment process parameters and machine dynamic characteristics was established. A large number of computational experiments are implemented by adjusting the value of process parameters in order to learn and anticipate experimental data and also find out the rules of process parameters on machine dynamic characteristics. The method can optimize the alignment process, guide technician alignment, modify the theory mapping, and improve the alignment efficiency.

The Equiratio Taste Mixture Model Successfully Predicts the Sensory Response to the Sweetness Intensity of Complex Mixtures of Sugars and Sugar Alcohols

Perception ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan E R Frijters ◽  
Cees de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Cross Adaptation ◽  
Sweetness Intensity ◽  
The Status

The equiratio taste mixture model was originally developed for the prediction of psychophysical power functions of equiratio mixtures of substances that have a similar taste and that also exhibit mutual cross adaptation. Earlier studies have shown that the model is valid for mixtures of sugars and/or sugar alcohols. Two experiments are reported in which it is questioned whether the psychophysical functions of mixtures of higher physical complexity can be predicted by the model. In the first experiment the psychophysical power functions of binary and quaternary equiratio mixture types were determined experimentally and compared to those predicted by the generalized model. In the second, similar, experiment quaternary and eight-component mixture types were examined. The method of magnitude estimation, in combination with the sip and spit procedure, was used. The functions predicted by the model were almost identical to the functions established on the basis of the experimental data. These results reconfirm that the gustatory modality operates like an ‘averaging’ system when processing this kind of mixture. It is argued that for other kind of mixtures the model will predict incorrectly. The status of the equiratio mixture model is discussed.

scholarly journals The emergence of artificial Intelligence through the prism of Haeckel’s biogenetic law

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
С. С. Бескаравайний
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetic Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

The article discusses the analogies between the formation of humanity as a collective subject, and the modern process of forming artificial intelligence, which should also have the features of a collective subject. It is shown that attempts to rely solely on the study of individual intelligence are unproductive. The isomorphism of anthroposociogenesis and the creation of AI is motivated by the following: AI is created by human civilization - therefore, its thinking will reproduce both the features of individual intelligence and the features of civilization that ensure the socialization of the individual. The problem of copying consciousness is difficult to analyze, therefore, the formation of subjectivity is considered. A technosubject is a collection of devices and programs that can determine their own future. It has been established that the bio-genetic law acts as a vector for the evolutionary variability of technical devices and sets the boundary conditions that must be met in the process of becoming a techno-subject. Copying the process of the emergence of the human mind and at the same time the practice of society in the accumulation and processing of information shows the path of development. Since now all functional mechanisms of the development of the mind and consciousness have not been revealed, it is necessary to correlate the new, computer mind with the form, with the external manifestations of the previous, natural, intelligence. There are also differences between these processes: 1) in comparison with the formation of human intelligence, the formation of AI is more reflexive, conscious, 2) the fundamentally different physicality of AI, due to the transfer of a large amount of information between machines, 3) the formation of techno-subject can be completely different in speed, since the learning ability of neural networks can exceed the learning ability of a person. Now, technological structures for storing information that we perceive in a socio-technological context can become elements of the body of a new subject. The Internet of things shows the possibility of a fundamentally new physicality, and communications in it are equivalent to unconscious biochemical processes in the human body. At the same time, copying the forms of the human body is redundant, but copying of manipulators and robot operators that can interact with the infrastructure created by man is necessary. It is shown that the Internet as a whole, as a single system, in modern conditions cannot become an AI carrier, it is more a medium than a subject. The carriers of AI should be the structural units of the technosphere, which will become the spokesmen of those contradictions that are sources of development. Probably, these will be technocenoses that will strive to achieve autotrophy, which will require extremely clear goal-setting from them, and, as a result, will lead them to the status of a techno-subject.

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