scholarly journals Regional solar radiation is inversely correlated with incidence and severity of tuberculosis in Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. BALCELLS ◽  
J. CERDA ◽  
S. CONCHA ◽  
R. HOYOS–BACHILOGLU ◽  
C. A. CAMARGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Linear Regressions

SUMMARYVitamin D (VD) deficiency has been linked to increased incidence and morbidity of tuberculosis (TB). Chile has large variations in solar radiation (SR; a proxy of VD status) and high prevalence of VD deficiency in its southernmost regions with low SR. We investigated the correlation between regional SR and rates of TB incidence, admissions and deaths in Chile by reviewing national records on prospectively collected mandatory disease notifications, admissions and mortality between 2001 and 2011. Over the study period, 26 691 new TB notifications were registered. The TB incidence rate was 14·77 (95% confidence intervals (CIs) 14·60–14·95), admission rate was 12·12 (95% CI 11·96–12·28) and mortality rate was 1·61 (95% CI 1·55–1·67) per 100 000 population per year. Multivariable linear regressions adjusting for significant demographic TB risk factors in Chile (regional prevalence of HIV infection, rates of migration from TB-endemic countries and rates of imprisonment) revealed an independent and highly statistically significant inverse association between SR and TB incidence rate (β −1·05, 95% CI −1·73 to −0·36, P = 0·007), admission rate (β −1·58, 95% CI −2·23 to −0·93, P < 0·001), and mortality rate (β −0·15, 95% CI −0·23 to −0·07, P = 0·002). These findings support a potential pathogenic role of VD deficiency in TB incidence and severity.

scholarly journals High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to environmental conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kåre Mølbak ◽  
Niels Højlyng ◽  
Knud Gaarslev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYCampylobacter was the bacterial pathogen most prevalent in 850 children, aged 6–59 months, examined in a house-to-house diarrhoea survey in two Liberian communities. 44·9% of the children from an urban slum and 28·4% from a rural area were excretors. Since the prevalence of diarrhoea was very high and consequently many convalescent carriers were found, it was not possible to evaluate the pathogenic role of campylobacter.The excretor rate increased with ago and was significantly correlated to the uso of supplementary feeding, inversely correlated to the quality of the water supply, and also associated with helminthic infestation. Results from re-examination of 172 children suggested a high intensity of transmission.The findings all indicate the existence of a heavy environmental contamination with campylobacter, probably of both human and animal faecal origin.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Antiphospholipid Antibodies, and Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Possible Association?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117954412097866
Author(s):  
Georges El Hasbani ◽  
Ali T Taher ◽  
Ali Jawad ◽  
Imad Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Since the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first detected in December 2019, research on the complications and fatality of this virus has hastened. Initially, case reports drew an association between COVID-19 and abnormal coagulation parameters. Subsequently, cross-sectional studies found a high prevalence of thrombosis among ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients. For that reason, certain studies tried to explain the pathogenic mechanisms of thrombosis, one of which was the emergence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Although aPL have been found positive in very few patients, their association with thrombotic events stays debatable. Given the thrombotic manifestations of COVID-19 and the potential role of aPL, the catastrophic form of APS (CAPS) might be a major fatal phenomenon. However, to date, there has been no clear association of CAPS to COVID-19. Moreover, since infections, including viral respiratory similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are considered main etiologies for CAPS, it could be possible that SARS-CoV-2 can induce CAPS although no evidence is currently found. High quality studies are needed to develop a clear idea on the pathogenic role of aPL in the progression of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, and how such patients could be fit into a thromboprophylaxis plan.

Treatment of ebola and other infectious diseases: melatonin “goes viral”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Potential Treatment

This review summarizes published reports on the utility of melatonin as a treatment for virus-mediated diseases. Of special note are the data related to the role of melatonin in influencing Ebola virus disease. This infection and deadly condition has no effective treatment and the published works documenting the ability of melatonin to attenuate the severity of viral infections generally and Ebola infection specifically are considered. The capacity of melatonin to prevent one of the major complications of an Ebola infection, i.e., the hemorrhagic shock syndrome, which often contributes to the high mortality rate, is noteworthy. Considering the high safety profile of melatonin, the fact that it is easily produced, inexpensive and can be self-administered makes it an attractive potential treatment for Ebola virus pathology.  

The pathogenic role of surfactant protein B in formation of bronchopulmonary pathology in children

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
O. Yablon ◽  
◽  
N. Zaichko ◽  
O. Mazulov ◽  
Z.I. Rossokha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Surfactant Protein B ◽  
Protein B

Pathogenic role of CCL2/MCP-1 in scleroderma

10.2741/2875 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Role

Epidemiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Infection in Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
M. I. Gritsay ◽  
M. A. Koroleva ◽  
N. N. Fomkina ◽  
I. S. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Aims. The purpose of this study was to identify current epidemiological features of meningococcal infection in Moscow.Materials and methods. Cases of invasive meningococcal disease in Moscow from 2014 to 2018 and the biomaterial from patients with an invasive meningococcal disease were analyzed.Results. The features of the epidemic process of meningococcal disease in Moscow were revealed: increasing in the incidence rate involving teenagers and young adults into the epidemic process; meningococcal strains of serogroups W and A increased in the etiology of the invasive meningococcal disease; high mortality rate.Conclusions. It seems reasonable to recommend vaccination against meningococcal disease by including adolescents, young adults and persons over 65 years old.

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