scholarly journals A high proportion of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from children with diarrhoea in Bangkok, Thailand are multiple antibiotic resistant and belong to heterogenous non-O1, non-O139 O-serotypes

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DALSGAARD ◽  
A. FORSLUND ◽  
L. BODHIDATTA ◽  
O. SERICHANTALERGS ◽  
C. PITARANGSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Annual Proportion ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity

Results of a surveillance on cholera conducted with patients seen at the Children Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand from August 1993 to July 1995 are presented. Annually, isolation rates for Vibrio cholerae varied between 1·7 and 4·4% of patients with diarrhoea. V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa accounted for between 31 and 47% of patients cultured positive for V. cholerae, whereas the O139 serotype dominated in early 1994 after which it disappeared. Non-O1, non-O139 strains were isolated at similar rates as serotype O1 in 1993 and 1994, but accounted for 69% of V. cholerae culture positive specimens in 1995. However, the annual proportion of the isolation of non-O1, non-O139 strains showed little variation and remained low between 1·0 and 1·3%. Serotyping of 69 epidemiological unrelated non-O1, non-O139 strains produced 37 different O-serotypes. BglI ribotyping of serotypes containing more than two strains demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity within and between serotypes, except seven serotype O37 strains which showed an identical ribotype suggesting clonality. None of the 69 strains hybridized with a cholera toxin probe and only two strains hybridized with a heat-stable enterotoxin probe. Susceptibility testing to 12 antibiotics showed that 40 of 69 (58%) non-O1, non-O139 strains were resistant to colistin, streptomycin and sulphisoxazole and 28 of 69 (41%) were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR; [ges ]4 antibiotics). Although 26 of 69 (38%) strains contained one or more plasmids, the plasmids were of low molecular weights and did not seem to encode antibiotic resistance. The results of the present study showed that a high proportion of heterogenous MAR V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains were isolated from children at the hospital. With reference to the emergence of V. cholerae O139 in 1992, we suggest that non-O1, non-O139 strains should be monitored carefully to detect new serotypes with a possible epidemic potential, but also to determine the development and mechanism of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Evidence of Another Anthropic Impact on Iguana delicatissima from the Lesser Antilles: The Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Gustavo Di Lallo ◽  
Marco Maria D’Andrea ◽  
Samanta Sennati ◽  
Maria Cristina Thaller ◽  
Luciana Migliore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The improper use of antibiotics by humans may promote the dissemination of resistance in wildlife. The persistence and spread of acquired antibiotic resistance and human-associated bacteria in the environment, while representing a threat to wildlife, can also be exploited as a tool to monitor the extent of human impact, particularly on endangered animal species. Hence, we investigated both the associated enterobacterial species and the presence of acquired resistance traits in the cloacal microbiota of the critically endangered lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima), by comparing two separate populations living in similar climatic conditions but exposed to different anthropic pressures. A combination of techniques, including direct plating, DNA sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing allowed us to characterize the dominant enterobacterial populations, the antibiotic resistant strains and their profiles. A higher frequency of Escherichia coli was found in the samples from the more anthropized site, where multi-drug resistant strains were also isolated. These results confirm how human-associated bacteria as well as their antibiotic-resistance determinants may be transferred to wildlife, which, in turn, may act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Pasteurized Cheese Commercialized in Panama City Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fermín Mejía ◽  
Nohelia Castro-del Campo ◽  
Arleny García ◽  
Katerine Rodríguez ◽  
Humberto Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Panama City ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
High Degree

Foodborne bacteria, with a high degree of antibiotic resistance, play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Among 250 disease-causing bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of food poisoning, and its resistance to multiple antimicrobials remains of crucial concern. Cheese is often contaminated when proper sanitary procedures are not followed during its production and marketing. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of pasteurized white cheese commercialized in Panama City. Cheese from five different brands sold in local supermarkets were selected to determine the presence of S. aureus as well as its antibiotic resistance profile. The results showed significant contamination of S. aureus with a geometric median sample of 104–107 CFU/g. Four out of five (4/5) cheese brands analyzed presented risk of food poisoning by exceeding the allowed range of consumption with a geometric median sample of 1,8 × 106–1,4 × 107 CFU/g. Fourteen different resistance phenotypes were found. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the analyzed strains were resistant to erythromycin. The data confirm a relatively high prevalence and high levels of S. aureus, most likely originated during handling in Panama City retail markets. Further studies are needed to reduce bacterial contamination and to decrease the risk of food poisoning in the consumption of pasteurized cheese.

scholarly journals MODERN PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THERAPY OF CHOLERA

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Nadezhda A. Selyanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Face

The spread of V. cholerae strains with multiple antibiotic resistance limits the choice of effective means of etiotropic therapy for cholera, emphasizing the importance of finding ways to maintain efficacy in the face of the widespread prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The review presents data of domestic and foreign literature on the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae and the prospects for the treatment of cholera in the modern period.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility ofVibrio choleraenon-O1

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dalsgaard ◽  
O. Serichantalergs ◽  
C. Pitarangsi ◽  
P. Echeverria
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Gene Status

SUMMARYA collection of 64 clinical and environmentalVibrio choleraenon-O1 strains isolated in Asia and Peru were characterized by molecular methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing. All strains were resistant to at least 1 and 80% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Several strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance (≥ three antibiotics). Plasmids most often of low molecular weight were found in 21/64 (33%) strains. The presence of plasmids did not correlate with antibiotic resistance or influence ribotype patterns. In colony hybridization studies 63/64 (98%)V. choleraenon-O1 strains were cholera toxin negative, whereas only strains recovered from patients were heat-stable enterotoxin positive. Forty-sevenBglI ribotypes were observed. No correlation was shown between ribotype and toxin gene status. Ribotype similarity was compared by cluster analysis and two main groups of 13 and 34 ribotypes was found. Ribotyping is apparently a useful epidemiological tool in investigations ofV. choleraenon-O1 infections.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Nosocomial Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii in Kazakhstan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Alyona Lavrinenko ◽  
Eugene Sheck ◽  
Svetlana Kolesnichenko ◽  
Ilya Azizov ◽  
Anar Turmukhambetova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Chromosomal Loci ◽  
Pcr Genotyping

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii antibiotic-resistant strains in Kazakhstan and to characterize genotypes related to epidemic “high-risk” clones. Two hundred and twenty four A. baumannii isolates from four cities of Kazakhstan in 2011–2019 were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using broth microdilutions method according to EUCAST (v 11.0) recommendations. The presence of blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24/40-like,blaOXA-58-like,blaVIM,blaIMP, and blaNDM genes was determined by PCR. Genotyping was performed using high-throughput real-time PCR detection of 21 SNPs at 10 chromosomal loci used in existing MLST schemes. Resistance rates to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin were 81.3%, 78.6%, 79.9%, 65.2%, and 89.3%, respectively. No colistin resistant isolates were detected. The values of the MIC 50% and the MIC 90% of tigecycline were 0.125 mg/L, only four isolates (1.8%) had the ECOFF value >0.5 mg/L. The presence of acquired carbapenemase genes was found in 82.2% strains, including blaOXA-23-like (78.6%) or blaOXA-58-like (3.6%) genes. The spreading of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii strains in Kazakhstan was associated with epidemic “high-risk” clonal groups, predominantly, CG208(92)OXF/CG2PAS (80.8%) and less often CG231(109)OXF/CG1PAS (1.8%).

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Kitaoka ◽  
Sarah T. Miyata ◽  
Daniel Unterweger ◽  
Stefan Pukatzki
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Initial Identification ◽  
Resistant Strains

As the causative agent of cholera, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae represents an enormous public health burden, especially in developing countries around the world. Cholera is a self-limiting illness; however, antibiotics are commonly administered as part of the treatment regimen. Here we review the initial identification and subsequent evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of V. cholerae. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including efflux pumps, spontaneous chromosomal mutation, conjugative plasmids, SXT elements and integrons, are also discussed. Numerous multidrug-resistant strains of V. cholerae have been isolated from both clinical and environmental settings, indicating that antibiotic use has to be restricted and alternative methods for treating cholera have to be implemented.

scholarly journals In silico Assessment of the Genotypic Distribution of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Vibrio cholerae

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Nahar ◽  
Ridwan Bin Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Genotype 2

Vibrio cholerae has long been reported as an important cause of death in developing countries. The study detected the virulence and antibiotic resistance gene of eight V. cholerae isolates through in silico tools. Cholera toxins, ctxA and ctxB were found in six isolates (75%). Seventy-five percent isolates were also found to be positive for zonula occludens toxin, zot which is known to increase the permeability by altering the tight junction of the small intestine. Accessory cholera enterotoxin ace, responsible for fluid accumulation, was detected in four V. cholerae strains. Seven isolates (87.5%) were positive for toxin-coregulated pilus, tcp which helps the bacteria to adhere to gut mucosa. Both ompW and toxR genes were found in 87.5% of the isolates. Twenty-five percent isolates harboured strA, strB, sulII, dfrA1, floR genes and SXT element demonstrating that they were multidrug-resistant (MDG) bacterium. One isolate was found to be positive for tetA gene while no erythromycin resistance gene, ermA and ermB was found. Virulence genes were found in all genotypes indicating that their distribution was not genotypeoriented while genotype 2 harboured no antibiotic resistance genes. This data helps to predict virulence genes associated with cholera and also demonstrates the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Bacteria acquired the antibiotic resistance gene through natural process which cannot be stopped. So by analyzing the resistance pattern we can choose appropriate antibiotics. In silico study helps us to predict the antibiotic resistant genotypes and can easily identify antibiotic resistant strains which help us to treat cholera infections and reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of the infected individuals.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 77-85, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Whole Slide Imaging for High-Throughput Sensing Antibiotic Resistance at Single-Bacterium Level and Its Application to Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Song ◽  
Haomin Liu ◽  
Huayi Ji ◽  
Yu Lei
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Since conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods are too time-consuming (typically 24–72 h), rapid AST is urgently needed for preventing the increasing emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant infections. Although several phenotypic antibiotic resistance sensing modalities are able to reduce the AST time to a few hours or less, concerning the biological heterogeneity, their accuracy or limit of detection are limited by low throughput. Here, we present a rapid AST method based on whole slide imaging (WSI)-enabled high-throughput sensing antibiotic resistance at single-bacterium level. The time for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was theoretically shortest, which ensures that the growth of each individual cell present in a large population is inhibited. As a demonstration, our technique was able to sense the growth of at least several thousand bacteria at single-cell level. Reliable MIC of Enterobacter cloacae against gentamicin was obtained within 1 h, while the gold standard broth dilution method required at least 16 h for the same result. In addition, the application of our method prevails over other imaging-based AST approaches in allowing rapid and accurate determination of antibiotic susceptibility for phenotypically heterogeneous samples, in which the number of antibiotic resistant cells was negligible compared to that of the susceptible cells. Hence, our method shows great promise for both rapid AST determination and point-of-care testing of complex clinical bacteria isolates.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of O-Antigen Biosynthesis Regions inVibrio cholerae

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 2247-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Aydanian ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
J. Glenn Morris ◽  
Judith A. Johnson ◽  
O. Colin Stine
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Heterogeneity

ABSTRACTO-antigen biosynthetic (wbf) regions forVibrio choleraeserogroups O5, O8, and O108 were isolated and sequenced. Sequences were compared to those of other publishedV. choleraeO-antigen regions. Thesewbfregions showed a high degree of heterogeneity both in gene content and in gene order. Genes identified frequently showed greater similarities to polysaccharide biosynthesis genes from species other thanV. cholerae. Our results demonstrate the plasticity of O-antigen genes inV. cholerae, the diversity of the genetic pool from which they are drawn, and the likelihood that new pandemic serogroups will emerge.

scholarly journals Characteristics of antibiotic resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae carrying SXT type integrative conjugative elements

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
M. V Podshivalova ◽  
Yu. A Kuzyutina ◽  
I. B Zakharova ◽  
Ya. A Lopasteyskaya ◽  
D. V Viktorov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Integrative Conjugative Elements

In the paper there is presented a characteristics of antibiotic-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae, isolated in the Volgograd region during the period of 1980-2000. There were studied cultural and morphological properties of the isolates, their biochemical activity, resistance to antibiotics of different classes, there was performed the detection of virulence genes and sequences of transmissible SXT-element. There was demonstrated the presence of different types of SXT in the content of the genome of the examined strains - SXT MO10 element with cluster of the antibiotic resistance gene sulII-strB-dfr18, SXT ET element carrying the sequences sulII dfrA1, and not having a resistance gene to aminoglycosides strB, and SXT S element with deleted cluster of antibiotic resistance genes.

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