scholarly journals Testing the programming of temperament and psychopathology in two independent samples of children with prenatal substance exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Lin ◽  
Brendan D. Ostlund ◽  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Barry M. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractPrenatal programming models have rarely been applied to research on children with prenatal substance exposure, despite evidence suggesting that prenatal drug exposure is a form of stress that impacts neurodevelopmental outcomes and risk for psychopathology. Utilizing data from two longitudinal multisite studies comprising children prenatally exposed to substances as well as a nonexposed comparison group (Maternal Lifestyle Study, n = 1,388; Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study, n = 412), we tested whether early phenotypic indicators of hypothesized programming effects, indexed by growth parameters at birth and infant temperament, served as a link between prenatal substance exposure and internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 5. Latent profile analysis indicated that individual differences in reactivity and regulation for infants prenatally exposed to substances was best characterized by four temperament profiles. These profiles were virtually identical across two independent samples, and demonstrated unique associations with adjustment difficulties nearly 5 years later. Results of path analysis using structural equation modeling also showed that increased prenatal substance exposure was linked to poorer growth parameters at birth, profiles of temperamental reactivity in infancy, and internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 5. This pathway was partially replicated across samples. This study was among the first to link known individual-level correlates of prenatal substance exposure into a specific pathway to childhood problem behavior. Implications for the developmental origins of a child's susceptibility to psychopathology as a result of intrauterine substance exposure are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Early Cognitive Development After Prenatal Exposure to Opioids

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Skumlien ◽  
Inge Olga Ibsen ◽  
Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel ◽  
Egil Nygaard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Group Sex

Abstract Objective Prenatal opioid exposure has been linked with impaired cognitive development, with boys potentially at elevated risk. In the present study, we examined cognitive and language development of children prenatally exposed to opioids, with an additional focus on sex differences. Methods A sample of 378 children (n = 194 girls and n = 184 boys) aged 1.2–42.8 months was drawn from the Danish Family Outpatient Clinic database. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley-III cognitive and language scales, and substance exposure was determined with urine screening and/or verbal report. Children exposed to opioids (n = 94) were compared to children with no prenatal substance exposure (n = 38), and children exposed to alcohol (n = 131) or tobacco (n = 115). Group and sex differences were investigated with separate linear mixed models for each Bayley scale, controlling for concurrent cannabis exposure. Results There were significantly reduced scores in opioid-exposed boys compared to boys with no prenatal substance exposure, but no difference between opioid-exposed and nonexposed girls. Additionally, alcohol-exposed boys had lower cognitive scores than nonexposed boys, and alcohol-exposed girls had lower scores on both scales compared to opioid-exposed girls. There were otherwise no significant differences according to group, sex, or scale. Conclusions The present findings indicate poorer cognitive and language development in boys after prenatal opioid exposure. As academic performance is rooted in cognitive functioning, long-term follow-up might be necessary for exposed children.

Effects of prenatal substance exposure on infant temperament vary by context

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Locke ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Ronald Seifer ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
Seetha Shankaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Infant Behavior ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Negative Reactivity ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThis was a prospective longitudinal multisite study of the effects of prenatal cocaine and/or opiate exposure on temperament in 4-month-olds of the Maternal Lifestyle Study (N= 958: 366 cocaine exposed, 37 opiate exposed, 33 exposed to both drugs, 522 matched comparison). The study evaluated positivity and negativity during The Behavior Assessment of Infant Temperament (Garcia Coll et al., 1988). Parents rated temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire; Rothbart, 1981). Cocaine-exposed infants showed less positivity overall, mainly during activity and threshold items, more negativity during sociability items, and less negativity during irritability and threshold items. Latent profile analysis indicated individual temperament patterns were best described by three groups:low/moderate overall reactivity, high social negative reactivity,andhigh nonsocial negative reactivity. Infants with heavy cocaine exposure were more likely in high social negative reactivity profile, were less negative during threshold items, and required longer soothing intervention. Cocaine- and opiate-exposed infants scored lower on Infant Behavior Questionnaire smiling and laughter and duration of orienting scales. Opiate-exposed infants were rated as less respondent to soothing. By including a multitask measure of temperament we were able to show context-specific behavioral dysregulation in prenatally cocaine-exposed infants. The findings indicate flatter temperament may be specific to nonsocial contexts, whereas social interactions may be more distressing for cocaine-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Prenatal substance exposure and maternal hostility from pregnancy to toddlerhood: Associations with temperament profiles at 16 months of age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Ostlund ◽  
Koraly E. Pérez-Edgar ◽  
Shannon Shisler ◽  
Sarah Terrell ◽  
Stephanie Godleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Maternal Hostility

Abstract We investigated whether infant temperament was predicted by level of and change in maternal hostility, a putative transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, substance use, and insensitive parenting. A sample of women (N = 247) who were primarily young, low-income, and had varying levels of substance use prenatally (69 nonsmokers, 81 tobacco-only smokers, and 97 tobacco and marijuana smokers) reported their hostility in the third trimester of pregnancy and at 2, 9, and 16 months postpartum, and their toddler's temperament and behavior problems at 16 months. Maternal hostility decreased from late pregnancy to 16 months postpartum. Relative to pregnant women who did not use substances, women who used both marijuana and tobacco prenatally reported higher levels of hostility while pregnant and exhibited less change in hostility over time. Toddlers who were exposed to higher levels of prenatal maternal hostility were more likely to be classified in temperament profiles that resemble either irritability or inhibition, identified via latent profile analysis. These two profiles were each associated with more behavior problems concurrently, though differed in their association with competence. Our results underscore the utility of transdiagnostic vulnerabilities in understanding the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk and are discussed in regards to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework.

Effects of Prenatal Drug Exposure on Birth Outcomes and Early Child Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merith Cosden ◽  
Stacey Peerson ◽  
Katherine Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Prenatal Drug Exposure ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Development Data ◽  
The Impact

Public attention has been drawn to the needs of children who have been exposed to drugs, alcohol, and tobacco in utero. Despite initial concerns that prenatal substance exposure could have global and permanent effects, current research suggests that many of these children do not have significant birth outcomes. Developmental outcomes are also mixed. This paper presents a review of the literature on the impact of prenatal drug exposure on infants and young children. In addition, birth outcome and development data are presented on 80 children who were exposed to multiple substances in utero and who were with their mothers in a treatment facility. Both intra-uterine and extra-uterine factors related to children's outcomes are discussed.

Resilience in Adolescence: Prospective Self Moderates the Association of Early Life Adversity with Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Zinn ◽  
Edward Huntley ◽  
Daniel Keating
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Latent Construct

Introduction. Early life adversity (ELA) can result in negative health-outcomes, including psychopathology. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical developmental period for processing ELA. Identity formation, which is crucial to this developmental period, may moderate the effect between ELA and psychopathology. One potential moderating variable associated with identity formation is Prospective Self, a latent construct comprised of future-oriented attitudes and behaviors.Methods. Participants are from the first wave of an ongoing longitudinal study designed to characterize behavioral and cognitive correlates of risk behavior trajectories. A community sample of 10th and 12th grade adolescents (N = 2017, 55% female) were recruited from nine public school districts across eight Southeastern Michigan counties in the United States. Data were collected in schools during school hours or after school via self-report, computer-administered surveys. Structural equation modeling was used in the present study to assess Prospective Self as a latent construct and to evaluate the relationship between ELA, psychopathology, and Prospective Self.Results. Preliminary findings indicated a satisfactory fit for the construct Prospective Self. The predicted negative associations between Prospective Self and psychopathology were found and evidence of moderation was observed for externalizing behavior problems, such that the effects of ELA were lower for individuals with higher levels of Prospective Self. Conclusion. These results support the role of Prospective Self in conferring resilience against externalizing behavior problems associated with ELA among adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychopathology, Self-concept, Adolescent Health, Early Life Adversity

scholarly journals Behavioral problems and their relationship to maternal depression, marital relationships, social skills and parenting

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva ◽  
Sonia Regina Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract Behavioral problems have been associated with multiple variables; however, studies simultaneously investigating parenting practices, marital relationships in bi-parental families, maternal depression, and child behavior remain a gap in the literature. The objective was to verify associations between positive and negative parenting practices, marital relationships, social skills, and behavioral problems among children from bi-parental families with and those without maternal depression; to identify the predictive effect of positive and negative parenting practices, marital relationships, children’s social skills, and maternal depression, for internalizing, externalizing behavior problems and internalizing and externalizing comorbidities. A case-control study with a cross-sectional design was adopted to ensure the groups were homogeneous in regard to the children’s, mothers’, and families’ sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 35 mothers currently with depression and 35 without depression indicators participated in the study, while the children were 25 preschoolers and 23 school-aged children. The mothers responded to instruments addressing depression, child behavior, parenting practices, and marital relationships. The results reveal maternal depression associated with marital relationships, positive parenting, and context variables. Maternal depression and marital relationship were found to influence externalizing problems; maternal depression, child-rearing practices, marital relationships, and the children’s behavioral repertoires influence internalizing and externalizing comorbidities; and none of the independent variables influenced the occurrence of internalizing problems.

scholarly journals The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Fisher ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
Linda L. Lagasse ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Prenatal Substance Exposure ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Prenatal Drug Use ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractThe negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.

scholarly journals Maternal and paternal trajectories of depressive symptoms predict family risk and children's emotional and behavioral problems after the birth of a sibling

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1307-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda L. Volling ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
Elizabeth Tengelitsch ◽  
Matthew M. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Paternal Depression ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Infant Sibling ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractThe current study examined trajectories of maternal and paternal depression in the year following the birth of an infant sibling, and relations with family risk factors and firstborn children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Latent class growth analysis was conducted on 231 families in a longitudinal investigation (prebirth and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postbirth) and revealed four classes of families: both mother and father low in depressive symptoms (40.7%); mother high–father low (25.1%); father high–mother low (24.7%), and both mother and father high (9.5%). Families with both mothers and fathers high on depressive symptoms were higher on marital negativity, parenting stress, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems, and lower on marital positivity and parental efficacy than other classes. Children, parents, and marital relationships were more problematic in families with fathers higher on depressive symptoms than in families in which mothers were higher, indicating the significant role of paternal support for firstborn children undergoing the transition to siblinghood. Maternal and paternal depression covaried with an accumulation of family risks over time, no doubt increasing the likelihood of children's problematic adjustment after the birth of their infant sibling.

scholarly journals The Effect of Size and Asymmetry at Birth on Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalin A. Parekh ◽  
Stephany M. Cox ◽  
A. James Barkovich ◽  
Vann Chau ◽  
Martina A. Steurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
High Risk Infant ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Transposition Of Great Arteries

AbstractPoor and asymmetric fetal growth have been associated with neonatal brain injury (BI) and worse neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) in the growth-restricted population due to placental insufficiency. We tested the hypothesis that postnatal markers of fetal growth (birthweight (BW), head circumference (HC), and head to body symmetry) are associated with preoperative white matter injury (WMI) and NDO in infants with single ventricle physiology (SVP) and d-transposition of great arteries (TGA). 173 term newborns (106 TGA; 67 SVP) at two sites had pre-operative brain MRI to assess for WMI and measures of microstructural brain development. NDO was assessed at 30 months with the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (n = 69). We tested the association between growth parameters at birth with the primary outcome of WMI on the pre-operative brain MRI. Secondary outcomes included measures of NDO. Newborns with TGA were more likely to have growth asymmetry with smaller heads relative to weight while SVP newborns were symmetrically small. There was no association between BW, HC or asymmetry and WMI on preoperative brain MRI or with measures of microstructural brain development. Similarly, growth parameters at birth were not associated with NDO at 30 months. In a multivariable model only cardiac lesion and site were associated with NDO. Unlike other high-risk infant populations, postnatal markers of fetal growth including head to body asymmetry that is common in TGA is not associated with brain injury or NDO. Lesion type appears to play a more important role in NDO in CHD.

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