Childhood temperament as a predictor of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristina Dale ◽  
Julia A.C. Case ◽  
Margaret W. Dyson ◽  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
Thomas M. Olino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract Previous cross-sectional work has consistently found associations between neuroticism and impulsivity and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, there are few longitudinal studies of personality risk factors for NSSI. In this study, we examined associations between individual differences in temperament at age 3 and NSSI from ages 9 to 15. At age 3, 559 preschool-aged children (54% male; Mage = 42.2 months [SD = 3.10]) completed laboratory assessments of temperament. Parents also completed questionnaires about their child’s temperament. Children completed a diagnostic interview assessing NSSI engagement at ages 9, 12, and 15. By the age 15 assessment, 12.4% of adolescents reported engaging in NSSI. In univariate models, we found that higher levels of observed sadness and maternal-reported sadness and anger were associated with increased risk for NSSI. In multivariate models, female sex and maternal-reported anger were significantly associated with greater likelihood of NSSI. Laboratory observed sadness and impulsivity were associated with a higher likelihood of NSSI. This work extends the literature on personality risk factors associated with NSSI by finding longitudinal associations between early childhood negative affect and later NSSI engagement during adolescence.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá ◽  
Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Andover ◽  
Heather T. Schatten ◽  
Blair W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempted ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at an elevated risk for engaging in self-injurious behaviors, including suicide, attempted suicide, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of research on self-injurious behaviors among individuals with BPD. Definitions and prevalence rates are provided for NSSI, suicide, and attempted suicide. Clinical correlates of and risk factors for the behaviors, as well as associations between specific BPD criteria and self-injurious behaviors, are discussed, and a brief overview of treatments focused on reducing self-injurious behaviors among BPD patients is provided. By understanding risk factors for attempted suicide and NSSI in BPD, we can better identify patients who are at increased risk and focus treatment efforts on addressing modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Relationship between early childhood non-parental childcare and diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Costa ◽  
Sara E. Benjamin Neelon ◽  
Eleanor Winpenny ◽  
Veronica Phillips ◽  
Jean Adams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Activity Behaviour

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe rising prevalence of childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Evidence suggests that exposure to non-parental childcare before age six years is associated with increased risk of obesity, diet, and activity behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep). However, findings are inconsistent and mostly from cross-sectional studies, making it difficult to identify the direction of causation in associations. This review identified and synthesised the published research on longitudinal associations between non-parental childcare during early childhood, diet, and activity behaviours.MethodsSeven databases were searched using a predefined search strategy. Results were independently double-screened through title/abstract and full-text stages according to predefined criteria. Included studies were tabulated, and evaluated for risk of bias using the Nutrition Evidence Library Bias Assessment Tool.ResultsOf 18793 references screened, 13 studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Eight studies reported on diet and seven studies reported on activity behaviour outcomes (three on physical activity, three on sedentary behaviour, and one on sleep). These studies included results on 89 tested childcare:outcome associations. Of 63 associations testing diet outcomes, 37 (59%) were null, and the remainder showed inconsistent patterns. There was an indication of a potential benefit of Head Start providers (vs other care, including parental) on dietary behaviours. Of 26 associations testing activity behaviour outcomes, 22 (85%) were null, and the remainder were inconsistent. Most studies (92%) did not use (or did not report using) valid and reliable outcome measures, and outcome assessors were not blinded (or it was unclear if they were blinded) to children’s exposure status (77%).ConclusionsThe scarce available literature indicates little and mixed evidence of a longitudinal association between exposure to non-parental childcare before age six years and diet or activity behaviours. This reflects a paucity of research, rather than clear evidence of no effect. There is an urgent need for studies investigating the longitudinal associations of non-parental childcare on diet and activity behaviours to assess potential lasting effects and mechanisms. Studies should assess whether and how associations vary by provider and child sub-groups, as well as differences by intensity and duration of care.

An Exploration of the Relationship between Interpersonal Needs and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Reyneke Reyneke ◽  
Sarojini Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Interpersonal Needs ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Interpersonal Psychological Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury has become a worrying phenomenon among adolescents worldwide, emphasising the need for increasing public health awareness and exploration of the factors associated with this behaviour. This study was framed using Joiner’s Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide and Nock and Prinstein’s four-function model of nonsuicidal self-injury. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the interpersonal needs constructs of Joiner’s theory and nonsuicidal self-injury and is motivated by the need to explore the contagion of self-injury. A cross-sectional convenience sampling method was used to obtain a sample of 216 adolescents, who were recruited from four schools in the greater Durban area, South Africa. Regression analyses were performed to establish whether a relationship exists between the interpersonal needs constructs and nonsuicidal self-injury. The results indicated a positive relationship between perceived burdensomeness and the occurrence of nonsuicidal self-injury in this sample, thereby illuminating thwarted interpersonal needs as a contributor to the occurrence of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents.

Maternal and infant risk factors for early childhood caries in South Africa: A Systematic Review Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay ◽  
Robert Barrie ◽  
Tina Roberts ◽  
Sudeshni Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
South African ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Caries

BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC), is a common disorder characterized by the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces of primary teeth in children 71 months or younger. South Africa has a diverse population in terms of culture, education, income and occupation. This diversity is due to the consequences of historical racial discrimination, poverty, unemployment, lack of accessibility to health services and quality of education. These factors make South Africa unique, and the disease and risk profiles for this country differs from other countries in similar stages of development. For these reasons, it is important to identify what the unique maternal and infant risk factors of ECC are in the South African context. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence/prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in South Africa in children under the age of 6 years. METHODS All cross-sectional and cohort studies documenting the risk factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of dental disease and severity (decayed, missing and filled scores) will be included. Seven databases will be searched for eligible studies and those included will be based on a pre-specified inclusion criteria. Only studies conducted on South African children who are aged 6 years and younger, where dental caries risk factors are documented will be included. There is no restriction on the time or language of publication. Included articles will be scrutinized for quality by using a risk of bias tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The results will be presented narratively, and if possible, a meta-analysis will be performed. RESULTS The protocol is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020216455. The literature search was conducted in November 2020. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will provide a framework to inform medical and dental personnel to highlight mothers and infants at risk from developing ECC. This framework may be used to prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and diabetes incidence in children. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO, CRD42020216455

A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components among native Japanese and Japanese Brazilians residing in Japan and Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andiara Schwingel ◽  
Yoshio Nakata ◽  
Lucy S. Ito ◽  
Wojtek J. Chodzko-Zajko ◽  
Ryosuke Shigematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Japanese Ancestry

Background This study investigated the prevalence of risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) among individuals of Japanese descent exposed to different cultural environments. Design A cross-sectional study to assess component risk factors for the diagnosis of MetSyn was undertaken in urban areas in Japan and Brazil. A total of 773 men and women aged 35 years or over were included in three groups: 249 native Japanese, 269 Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residing in Japan, and 255 Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil. Results Higher rates of metabolic abnormalities with respect to central obesity and serum lipid profiles were observed among Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil compared with those residing in Japan and native Japanese. Likewise, an increased risk of hypertension was observed among Japanese Brazilian individuals residing in Japan. The prevalence of MetSyn in men was significantly higher among Brazilians of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil (37.5%) compared with those residing in Japan (25.3%) or native Japanese (21.4%), whereas no significant difference was observed among women. In the logistic model, Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residinginBrazil weretwice as likely to develop MetSyn compared with native Japanese, whereas no significant differences were found among those residing in Japan. Conclusions These findings underscore the significant heterogeneity in risk factors among communities of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil and Japan, and suggest that immigrants exposed to the Brazilian cultural environment are more susceptible to the development of risk factors associated with MetSyn than native Japanese.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Nongenetic Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation) among Children Aged 2–18 Years Attending Kenyatta National Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Nemerimana ◽  
Margaret Njambi Chege ◽  
Eunice Ajode Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Many of the nongenetic causal risk factors of intellectual disability (ID) can be prevented if they are identified early. There is paucity on information regarding potential risk factors associated with this condition in Kenya. This study aimed to establish risk factors associated with severity of nongenetic intellectual disability (ID) among children presenting with this condition at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over the period between March and June 2017 in pediatric and child/youth mental health departments of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya. It included children aged 2–18 years diagnosed with ID without underlying known genetic cause. Results. Of 97 patients with nongenetic ID, 24% had mild ID, 40% moderate, 23% severe-profound, and 10% unspecified ID. The mean age of children was 5.6 (±3.6) years. Male children were predominant (62%). Three independent factors including “labor complications” [AOR = 9.45, 95% CI = 1.23–113.29, P=0.036], “admission to neonatal intensive care unit” [AOR = 8.09, 95% CI = 2.11–31.07, P=0.002], and “cerebral palsy” [AOR = 21.18, CI = 4.18–107.40, P≤0.001] were significantly associated with increased risk of severe/profound nongenetic ID. Conclusion. The present study findings suggest that perinatal complications as well as postnatal insults are associated with increased risk of developing severe-profound intellectual disability, implying that this occurrence may be reduced with appropriate antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal healthcare interventions.

Psychotic experiences and psychological distress predict contemporaneous and future non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in a sample of Australian school-based adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Martin ◽  
H. Thomas ◽  
T. Andrews ◽  
P. Hasking ◽  
J. G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundRecent cross-sectional studies have shown psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviours. We aimed to examine associations between psychotic experiences (including persistent PE), and contemporaneous and incident non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts.MethodParticipants were from an Australian longitudinal cohort of 1896 adolescents (12–17 years). NSSI and suicide attempts were measured using the Self-Harm Behaviour Questionnaire. Items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children were used to assess psychotic experiences, and the General Health Questionnaire-12 measured psychological distress.ResultsAdolescents both psychologically distressed and endorsing psychotic experiences had increased odds of contemporaneous and incident NSSI and attempted suicide. Psychotic experiences alone did not predict future risk. Persistent psychotic experiences were associated with increased risk of NSSI and suicide attempts.ConclusionsPsychological distress with accompanying psychotic experiences and persistent psychotic experiences are important predictors of NSSI and suicide attempts. Screening these phenotypes in adolescents will assist in discerning those adolescents most at risk, providing opportunities for targeted suicide prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germine El-Kassas ◽  
Fouad Ziade
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Adolescents’ obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents’ obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

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